United States Secretary of War

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "redirect hatnote". Script error: No such module "about". Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox official post The secretary of war was a member of the U.S. Cabinet, beginning with George Washington's administration. A similar position, called either "Secretary at War" or "Secretary of War", had been appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation between 1781 and 1789. Benjamin Lincoln and later Henry Knox held the position. When Washington was inaugurated as the first president under the Constitution, he appointed Knox to continue serving as secretary of war.

The secretary of war was the head of the War Department. At first, he was responsible for the United States Army and the Navy. In 1798, the secretary of the Navy was created by statute, and the scope of responsibility for the War Department was reduced to the Army. From 1886 onward, the secretary of war was in the line of succession to the presidency, after the vice president of the United States, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the president pro tempore of the Senate and the secretary of state.

In 1947, with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947, the secretary of war was replaced by the secretary of the Army and the secretary of the Air Force and a new secretary, the secretary of defense, was created for coordination of the services. Since 1949, the service secretaries, Army, Air Force, and Navy, have been non-Cabinet subordinates under the secretary of defense. The secretary of the Army's office is generally considered the direct successor to the secretary of war's office, with the new secretary of defense taking the secretaries of war and navy positions in the Cabinet, and the line of succession to the presidency.

List of secretaries

Secretary at War (1781–1789)

The office of secretary at war was modeled upon Great Britain's secretary at war, who was William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington, at the time of the American Revolution. The office of secretary at war was meant to replace both the commander-in-chief and the Board of War, and like the president of the board, the secretary wore no special insignia. The inspector general, quartermaster general, commissary general, and adjutant general served on the secretary's staff. However, the Army itself under Secretary Henry Knox only consisted of 700 men.

Image No. Name Home State Start End Appointer
1 File:General Benjamin Lincoln-restored (3x4 cropped).jpg Template:Sortname Massachusetts Template:Dts Template:Dts Congress of the Confederation
2 File:Henry Knox by Gilbert Stuart 1806 (3x4 cropped).jpeg Template:Sortname Massachusetts Template:Dts Template:Dts

Secretary of War (1789–1947)

File:Swearing in of Secretary Dwight Davis.jpg
Swearing in of Dwight F. Davis as Secretary of War in 1925. Former secretaries John W. Weeks and Chief Justice William Howard Taft are standing beside him.
Parties

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No. Image Name Start End Duration Party Home State President(s)
1 File:Henry Knox by Gilbert Stuart 1806 (3x4 cropped).jpeg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Federalist Massachusetts rowspan=3 style="background: Template:Party color;" | Template:Sortname
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2 File:PORTRAIT OF TIMOTHY PICKERING, 3RD SECRETARY OF STATE PRESIDENT GEORGE WASHINGTON AND JOHN ADAMS (3x4 cropped).jpg Template:Sortname[1] Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Federalist Pennsylvania
3 File:JMcHenry.jpg Template:Sortname[2] Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | Federalist Maryland
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4 File:Samuel Dexter.jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Federalist Massachusetts
5 File:Gilbert Stuart - Major-General Henry Dearborn - 1913.793 - Art Institute of Chicago (3x4 cropped).jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Democratic-Republican Massachusetts style="background: Template:Party color;" | Template:Sortname
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6 File:William Eustis.jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Democratic-Republican Massachusetts rowspan=4 style="background: Template:Party color;" | Template:Sortname
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7 File:John Wesley Jarvis - John Armstrong - NPG.72.12 - National Portrait Gallery (cropped).jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Democratic-Republican New York
8 File:John Vanderlyn - James Monroe - Google Art Project (3x4 cropped).jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Democratic-Republican Virginia
9 File:William Harris Crawford by John Wesley Jarvis (PAFA) (3x4 cropped).jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Democratic-Republican Georgia
10 File:JCCalhoun-1822 (3x4 cropped).jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Democratic-Republican South Carolina style="background: Template:Party color;" | Template:Sortname
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12 File:Peter Buell Porter.jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Democratic-Republican New York
13 File:John Eaton.jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Democratic Tennessee rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | Template:Sortname
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18 File:PorterJM.jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Whig Pennsylvania
19 File:William Wilkins United States Senator - Brady-Handy (3x4 cropped).jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Democratic Pennsylvania
20 File:William L. Marcy - Brady-Handy.jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Democratic New York style="background: Template:Party color;" | Template:Sortname
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25 File:Judge Joseph Holt - NARA - 526106 (3x4a).jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Republican Kentucky
26 File:Smn Cameron-SecofWar (3x4 cropped).jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Republican Pennsylvania rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | Template:Sortname
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27 File:Edwin McMasters Stanton Secretary of War (3x4 cropped).jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts
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31 File:Alphonso Taft - cropped and retouched.jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Republican Ohio
32 File:James Donald Cameron Brady-Handy (3x4 cropped).jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Republican Pennsylvania
33 File:George Washington McCrary, Brady-Handy bw photo portrait, ca1860-1875 (3x4 cropped).jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Republican Iowa rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | Template:Sortname
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39 File:Daniel Lamont, bw photo portrait, 1904 (3x4 cropped).jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Democratic New York style="background: Template:Party color;" | Template:Sortname
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43 File:Secretary Luke Edward Wright.jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Republican Tennessee
44 File:DICKINSON, J.M. JUDGE (3x4 cropped).jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Democratic Tennessee rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | Template:Sortname
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46 File:Lindley Garrison, BW photo portrait, 1913.jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Democratic New Jersey rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | Template:Sortname
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48 File:John Wingate Weeks, Bain bw photo portrait.jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | Republican Massachusetts style="background: Template:Party color;" | Template:Sortname
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50 File:Jas. W. Good, Iowa (3x4 cropped).jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Republican Iowa rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | Template:Sortname
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52 File:George Dern, Bain bw photo portrait.jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Democratic Utah rowspan=3 style="background: Template:Party color;" | Template:Sortname
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53 File:Harry Hines Woodring, 53rd United States Secretary of War.jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Democratic Kansas
54 File:Henry Stimson, Harris & Ewing bw photo portrait, 1929 (3x4 cropped).jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd rowspan=2 style="background: Template:Party color;" | Republican New York
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56 File:Kenneth Claiborne Royall portrait (3x4 cropped).jpg Template:Sortname Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Ayd style="background: Template:Party color;" | Democratic North Carolina

See also

References

Footnotes

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Further reading

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