Shaw Prize

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File:Shaw2006astro.jpg
Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess and Brian P. Schmidt (from left to right) jointly won the 2006 astronomy prize

The Shaw Prize is a set of three annual awards presented by the Shaw Prize Foundation in the fields of astronomy, medicine and life sciences, and mathematical sciences. Established in 2002 in Hong Kong,[1] by Hong Kong entertainment mogul and philanthropist Run Run Shaw (邵逸夫),[2] the awards honour "individuals who are currently active in their respective fields and who have recently achieved distinguished and significant advances, who have made outstanding contributions in academic and scientific research or applications, or who in other domains have achieved excellence."[3] The prize has been described as the "Nobel of the East".[4][5][6][7]

Award

The prize consists of three awards in the fields of astronomy, life science and medicine, and mathematical sciences; it is not awarded posthumously. Nominations are submitted by invited individuals beginning each year in September. Winners are announced in the summer and receive the award at a ceremony in early autumn. Each award consists of a gold medal, a certificate and USD$1.2 million (US$1 million before 2015). The front of the medal bears a portrait of Shaw and the name of the prize in English and Traditional Chinese characters; the back bears the year, category, laureate's name and a quotation from the Chinese philosopher Xunzi "制天命而用之" (translated to English as "Grasp the law of nature and make use of it").[8]

As of 2022, there have been 99 Shaw Laureates.[9] 16 Nobel laureates - Jules A. Hoffmann, Bruce Beutler, Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess, Shinya Yamanaka, Robert Lefkowitz, Brian Schmidt, Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, Michael W. Young, Kip Thorne, Rainer Weiss, Jim Peebles, Michel Mayor, Reinhard Genzel, and David Julius - are Shaw Laureates. The inaugural laureate of the Shaw Prize in Astronomy was Jim Peebles, honored for his contributions to cosmology. Two inaugural prizes were awarded for the Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine: Stanley Norman Cohen, Herbert Boyer and Yuet Wai Kan jointly won one of them for their research in DNA while physiologist Richard Doll won the other for his contribution to cancer epidemiology. Shiing-Shen Chern was awarded the inaugural Shaw Prize in Mathematical Sciences for his work on differential geometry.

Shaw Laureates

Astronomy

Year Portrait Laureate<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[a] Country<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[b] Rationale<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[c]
2004 File:Jim Peebles (cropped 2).jpg P. James E. Peebles Script error: No such module "flag". For his groundbreaking contribution to cosmology. He laid the foundations for almost all modern investigations in cosmology, both theoretical and observational, transforming a highly speculative field into a precision science.[10][11]
2005 File:Geoffrey Marcy cropped.jpg Geoffrey Marcy Script error: No such module "flag". For finding and characterizing the orbits and masses of the first planets around other stars, thereby revolutionizing our understanding of the processes that form planets and planetary systems.[12][13]
File:Michel Mayor ESA20824331 (cropped).jpeg Michel Mayor Script error: No such module "flag".
2006 File:Saul Perlmutter, PCAST Member (cropped).jpg Saul Perlmutter Script error: No such module "flag". For discovering that the expansion rate of the universe is accelerating, implying in the simplest interpretation that the energy density of space is non-vanishing even in the absence of any matter and radiation.[14][15]
File:Nobel Prize 2011-Press Conference KVA-DSC 7764.jpg Adam Riess Script error: No such module "flag".
File:Brian Schmidt.jpg Brian Schmidt Script error: No such module "flag".
2007 File:PeterGoldreich1980.jpg Peter Goldreich Script error: No such module "flag". In recognition of his lifetime achievements in theoretical astrophysics and planetary sciences.[16][17]
2008 File:Reinhard Genzel 2018.jpg Reinhard Genzel Script error: No such module "flag". In recognition of his outstanding contributions in demonstrating that the Milky Way contains a supermassive black hole at its centre.[18][19]
2009 File:Frank Hsia-San Shu, the Fellow of Academia Sinica.JPG Frank H. Shu (徐遐生) Script error: No such module "flag". In recognition of his outstanding life-time contributions in theoretical astronomy.[20][21]
2010 File:ProfessorCharlesLBennett.jpg Charles L. Bennett Script error: No such module "flag". For their leadership of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) experiment, which has enabled precise determinations of the fundamental cosmological parameters, including the geometry, age and composition of the universe.[22][23]
File:LymanPage1.JPG Lyman A. Page Jr. Script error: No such module "flag".
File:David Spergel.jpg David N. Spergel Script error: No such module "flag".
2011 Enrico Costa Script error: No such module "flag". For their leadership of space missions that enabled the demonstration of the cosmological origin of gamma ray bursts, the brightest sources known in the universe.[24][25]
File:CGRO space observatory Dr. Gerald Fishman Working on the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) 9127922.jpg Gerald J. Fishman Script error: No such module "flag".
2012 File:David Jewitt.jpg David Jewitt Script error: No such module "flag". For their discovery and characterization of trans-Neptunian bodies, an archeological treasure dating back to the formation of the Solar System and the long-sought source of short period comets.[26][27]
File:Jane Luu.jpg Jane Luu Script error: No such module "flag".
2013 File:StevenBalbus.jpeg Steven A. Balbus Script error: No such module "flag". For their discovery and study of the magnetorotational instability, and for demonstrating that this instability leads to turbulence and is a viable mechanism for angular momentum transport in astrophysical accretion disks.[28][29]
File:John F Hawley 2019-05-14 cropped.jpg John F. Hawley Script error: No such module "flag".
2014 Daniel Eisenstein Script error: No such module "flag". For their contributions to the measurements of features in the large-scale structure of galaxies used to constrain the cosmological model including baryon acoustic oscillations and redshift-space distortions.[30][31]
Shaun Cole Script error: No such module "flag".
File:John A. Peacock, cosmologist, at the Royal Observatory Edinburgh in 1989 (enhanced contrast).jpg John A. Peacock Script error: No such module "flag".
2015 File:William Borucki NASA.jpg William J. Borucki Script error: No such module "flag". For his conceiving and leading the Kepler Mission, which greatly advanced knowledge of both extrasolar planetary systems and stellar interiors.[32][33]
2016 File:Ronald Drever Glasgow 2007.jpg Ronald W. P. Drever Script error: No such module "flag". For conceiving and designing the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), whose recent direct detection of gravitational waves opens a new window in astronomy, with the first remarkable discovery being the merger of a pair of stellar mass black holes.[34][35]
File:Kip S. Thorne EM1B8790 (24027017497).jpg Kip S. Thorne Script error: No such module "flag".
File:Rainer Weiss EM1B8841 (24027015857).jpg Rainer Weiss Script error: No such module "flag".
2017 File:Simon White at RAS NAM 2012 2.jpg Simon D. M. White Script error: No such module "flag". For his contributions to understanding structure formation in the Universe. With powerful numerical simulations he has shown how small density fluctuations in the early Universe develop into galaxies and other nonlinear structures, strongly supporting a cosmology with a flat geometry, and dominated by dark matter and a cosmological constant.[36][37]
2018 Jean-Loup Puget Script error: No such module "flag". For his contributions to astronomy in the infrared to submillimetre spectral range. He detected the cosmic far-infrared background from past star-forming galaxies, and proposed aromatic hydrocarbon molecules as a constituent of interstellar matter. With the Planck space mission, he has dramatically advanced our knowledge of cosmology in the presence of interstellar matter foregrounds.[38][39]
2019 File:Voyager Project Scientist Ed Stone (33478062024).jpg Edward C. Stone Script error: No such module "flag". For his leadership in the Voyager project, which has, over the past four decades, transformed our understanding of the four giant planets and the outer Solar System, and has now begun to explore interstellar space.[40][41]
2020 File:Roger Blandford and Roy Kerr 2016 05 (cropped).jpg Roger D. Blandford Script error: No such module "flag". For his foundational contributions to theoretical astrophysics, especially concerning the fundamental understanding of active galactic nuclei, the formation and collimation of relativistic jets, the energy extraction mechanism from black holes, and the acceleration of particles in shocks and their relevant radiation mechanisms.[42][43]
2021 File:Victoria M Kaspi, recipient of the 2021 Shaw Prize in Astronomy (iau2104a).jpg Victoria M. Kaspi Script error: No such module "flag". For their contributions to our understanding of magnetars, a class of highly magnetized neutron stars that are linked to a wide range of spectacular, transient astrophysical phenomena. Through the development of new and precise observational techniques, they confirmed the existence of neutron stars with ultra-strong magnetic fields and characterized their physical properties. Their work has established magnetars as a new and important class of astrophysical objects.[44][45]
File:433663main Chryssa Kouveliotou.jpg Chryssa Kouveliotou Script error: No such module "flag".
2022 File:Lennart Lindegren.jpg Lennart Lindegren Script error: No such module "flag". For their lifetime contributions to space astrometry, and in particular for their role in the conception and design of the European Space Agency's Hipparcos and Gaia missions.[46][47]
Michael Perryman Template:IRE
2023 File:Matthew Bailes (19277578974).jpg Matthew Bailes Script error: No such module "flag". For the discovery of fast radio bursts (FRBs).[48]
File:Duncan Lorimer.jpg Duncan Lorimer Script error: No such module "flag".
Maura McLaughlin Script error: No such module "flag".
2024 File:Shrinivas Kulkarni 2016 portrait crop.jpg Shrinivas R. Kulkarni Script error: No such module "flag". For his ground-breaking discoveries about millisecond pulsars, gamma-ray bursts, supernovae, and other variable or transient astronomical objects
2025 File:Dr J Richard Bond (iau0805a).jpg John Richard Bond Script error: No such module "flag". For their pioneering research in cosmology, in particular for their studies of fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background. Their predictions have been verified by an armada of ground-, balloon- and space-based instruments, leading to precise determinations of the age, geometry, and mass-energy content of the universe.[49]
George Efstathiou Script error: No such module "flag".

Life science and medicine

Year Portrait Laureate<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[a] Country<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[b] Rationale<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[c]
2004<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[d] File:Stanley Norman Cohen DSC 2027.jpg Stanley N. Cohen Script error: No such module "flag". For their discoveries on DNA cloning and genetic engineering.[11][50]
File:Herb Boyer.jpg Herbert W. Boyer Script error: No such module "flag".
Yuet-Wai Kan Script error: No such module "flag". For his discoveries on DNA polymorphism and its influence on human genetics.[11][50]
2004<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[d] File:Richard Doll.jpg Richard Doll Script error: No such module "flag". For his contribution to modern cancer epidemiology.[11][50]
2005 Michael Berridge Script error: No such module "flag". For his discoveries on calcium signalling in the regulation of cellular activity.[51][52]
2006 Xiaodong Wang Script error: No such module "flag". For his discovery of the biochemical basis of programmed cell death, a vital process that balances cell birth and defends against cancer.[53][54]
2007 File:Robert Lefkowitz 1 2012 (cropped).jpg Robert Lefkowitz Script error: No such module "flag". For his relentless elucidation of the major receptor system that mediates the response of cells and organs to drugs and hormones.[55][56]
2008<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[e] Keith H. S. Campbell Script error: No such module "flag". For their recent pivotal innovations in reversing the process of cell differentiation in mammals, a phenomenon which advances our knowledge of developmental biology and holds great promise for the treatment of human diseases and improvements in agriculture practices.[57][58]
Ian Wilmut Script error: No such module "flag".
File:Yamanaka.jpg Shinya Yamanaka Script error: No such module "flag".
2009 Douglas L. Coleman Script error: No such module "flag". For their work leading to the discovery of leptin, a hormone that regulates food intake and body weight.[59][60]
File:Jeffrey Friedman Royal Society.jpg Jeffrey M. Friedman Script error: No such module "flag".
2010 File:Dr David Julius by christopher michel in 2022 04.jpg David Julius Script error: No such module "flag". For his seminal discoveries of molecular mechanisms by which the skin senses painful stimuli and temperature and produces pain hypersensitivity.[61][62]
2011 File:Nobel Prize 2011-Press Conference KI-DSC 7529.jpg Jules A. Hoffmann Script error: No such module "flag". For their discovery of the molecular mechanism of innate immunity, the first line of defense against pathogens.[63][64]
Ruslan M. Medzhitov Script error: No such module "flag".
File:Nobel Prize 2011-Press Conference KI-DSC 7509.jpg Bruce A. Beutler Script error: No such module "flag".
2012 Franz-Ulrich Hartl Script error: No such module "flag". For their contributions to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of protein folding. Proper protein folding is essential for many cellular functions.[65][66]
File:WALS 1.27.10 Arthur Horwich 4m49s (cropped).jpg Arthur L. Horwich Script error: No such module "flag".
2013 File:Jeffrey C. Hall D81 4349 (25006040668).jpg Jeffrey C. Hall Script error: No such module "flag". For their discovery of molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms.[67][68]
File:Michael Rosbash D81 4351 (37991238765).jpg Michael Rosbash Script error: No such module "flag".
File:Michael W. Young D81 4330 (37990843875).jpg Michael W. Young Script error: No such module "flag".
2014 File:Kazutoshi Mori 20160314.jpg Kazutoshi Mori Template:JAP For their discovery of the Unfolded Protein Response of the endoplasmic reticulum, a cell signalling pathway that controls organelle homeostasis and quality of protein export in eukaryotic cells.[69][70]
File:SquarePortrait PeterWalter1.jpg Peter Walter Script error: No such module "flag".
2015 File:Bassler (cropped).jpg Bonnie L. Bassler Script error: No such module "flag". For elucidating the molecular mechanism of quorum sensing, a process whereby bacteria communicate with each other and which offers innovative ways to interfere with bacterial pathogens or to modulate the microbiome for health applications.[71][72]
E. Peter Greenberg Script error: No such module "flag".
2016 File:Adrian Bird.jpg Adrian P. Bird Script error: No such module "flag". For their discovery of the genes and the encoded proteins that recognize one chemical modification of the DNA of chromosomes that influences gene control as the basis of the developmental disorder Rett syndrome.[73][74]
File:Huda Zoghbi.jpg Huda Y. Zoghbi Script error: No such module "flag".
2017 File:Ian R. Gibbons.jpg Ian R. Gibbons Script error: No such module "flag". For their discovery of microtubule-associated motor proteins: engines that power cellular and intracellular movements essential to the growth, division, and survival of human cells.[75][76]
File:Ronald Vale in September 2018.jpg Ronald D. Vale Script error: No such module "flag".
2018 Mary-Claire King Script error: No such module "flag". For her mapping the first breast cancer gene. Using mathematical modeling, King predicted and then demonstrated that breast cancer can be caused by a single gene. She mapped the gene which facilitated its cloning and has saved thousands of lives.[77][78]
2019 Maria Jasin Script error: No such module "flag". For her work showing that localized double strand breaks in DNA stimulate recombination in mammalian cells. This seminal work was essential for and led directly to the tools enabling editing at specific sites in mammalian genomes.[79][80]
2020 File:Gero Miesenböck FRS.jpg Gero Miesenböck Script error: No such module "flag". For the development of optogenetics, a technology that has revolutionized neuroscience.[81][82]
File:Peter Hegemann.jpg Peter Hegemann Script error: No such module "flag".
File:Prof. Dr. Georg Nagel.png Georg Nagel Script error: No such module "flag".
2021 File:Scott emr.jpg Scott D. Emr Script error: No such module "flag". For the landmark discovery of the ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport) pathway, which is essential in diverse processes involving membrane biology, including cell division, cell-surface receptor regulation, viral dissemination, and nerve axon pruning. These processes are central to life, health and disease.[83][84]
2022 Paul A. Negulescu Script error: No such module "flag". For landmark discoveries of the molecular, biochemical, and functional defects underlying cystic fibrosis and the identification and development of medicines that reverse those defects and can treat most people affected by this disorder. Together, these discoveries and medicines are alleviating human suffering and saving lives.[85][86]
Michael J. Welsh Script error: No such module "flag".
2023 File:Max Planck president and chemist Patrick Cramer.jpg Patrick Cramer Script error: No such module "flag". For pioneering structural biology that enabled visualisation, at the level of individual atoms, of the protein machines responsible for gene transcription, one of life's fundamental processes. They revealed the mechanism underlying each step in gene transcription, how proper gene transcription promotes health, and how dysregulation causes disease.[48]
File:Eva Nogales in 2023 02.jpg Eva Nogales Script error: No such module "flag". & Script error: No such module "flag".
2024 Stuart H. Orkin Script error: No such module "flag". For their discovery of the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying the fetal-to-adult hemoglobin switch, making possible a revolutionary and highly effective genome-editing therapy for sickle cell anemia and β thalassemia, devastating blood diseases that affect millions of people worldwide.
File:Swee Lay Thein.jpg Swee Lay Thein Script error: No such module "flag".
2025 File:Wolfgang Baumeister 2025.jpg Wolfgang Baumeister Script error: No such module "flag". For his pioneering development and use of cryogenic-electron tomography (cryo-ET), an imaging technique that enables three-dimensional visualisation of biological samples, including proteins, macromolecular complexes, and cellular compartments as they exist in their natural cellular settings.[49]

Mathematical sciences

Year Portrait Laureate<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[a] Country<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[b] Rationale<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[c]
2004 File:Shiing-Shen Chern 2.jpg Shiing-Shen Chern (陳省身) Script error: No such module "flag". For his initiation of the field of global differential geometry and his continued leadership of the field, resulting in beautiful developments that are at the centre of contemporary mathematics, with deep connections to topology, algebra and analysis, in short, to all major branches of mathematics of the last sixty years.[87][88]
2005 File:Andrew wiles1-3.jpg Andrew John Wiles Script error: No such module "flag". For his proof of Fermat's Last Theorem.[89][90]
2006 File:David Mumford, 2010 (re-scanned, headshot).jpg David Mumford Script error: No such module "flag". For David Mumford's contributions to mathematics, and to the new interdisciplinary fields of pattern theory and vision research; and for Wentsun Wu's contributions to the new interdisciplinary field of mathematics mechanization.[91][92]
File:Wu Wenjun (cropped).jpg Wentsun Wu (吳文俊) Script error: No such module "flag".
2007 File:Langlands2 (cropped).jpg Robert Langlands Script error: No such module "flag". For initiating and developing a grand unifying vision of mathematics that connects prime numbers with symmetry.[93][94]
File:Richard Taylor (mathematician).jpg Richard Taylor Script error: No such module "flag".
2008 File:Vladimir Arnold-1.jpg Vladimir Arnold Script error: No such module "flag". For their widespread and influential contributions to Mathematical Physics.[95][96]
File:Ludvig Faddejev (cropped).jpg Ludwig Faddeev Script error: No such module "flag".
2009 File:Simon Donaldson.jpg Simon K. Donaldson Script error: No such module "flag". For their many brilliant contributions to geometry in 3 and 4 dimensions.[97][98]
File:Clifford Taubes 2010.jpg Clifford H. Taubes Script error: No such module "flag".
2010 File:Jean Bourgain (vertical crop).jpg Jean Bourgain Script error: No such module "flag". For his profound work in mathematical analysis and its application to partial differential equations, mathematical physics, combinatorics, number theory, ergodic theory and theoretical computer science.[99][100]
2011 File:Demetrios Christodoulou 1982 (re-scanned).jpg Demetrios Christodoulou Template:SWI For their highly innovative works on nonlinear partial differential equations in Lorentzian and Riemannian geometry and their applications to general relativity and topology.[101][102]
File:Richard Hamilton 1982 (reprint; headshot).jpg Richard S. Hamilton Script error: No such module "flag".
2012 File:MaximKontsevich.jpg Maxim Kontsevich Script error: No such module "flag". For his pioneering works in algebra, geometry and mathematical physics and in particular deformation quantization, motivic integration and mirror symmetry.[103][104]
2013 File:David Donoho ICM 2018 (43006887855) (cropped).jpg David L. Donoho Script error: No such module "flag". For his profound contributions to modern mathematical statistics and in particular the development of optimal algorithms for statistical estimation in the presence of noise and of efficient techniques for sparse representation and recovery in large data-sets.[105][106]
2014 George Lusztig Script error: No such module "flag". For his fundamental contributions to algebra, algebraic geometry, and representation theory, and for weaving these subjects together to solve old problems and reveal beautiful new connections.[107][108]
2015 File:Gerd Faltings MFO.jpg Gerd Faltings Script error: No such module "flag". For their introduction and development of fundamental tools in number theory, allowing them as well as others to resolve some longstanding classical problems.[109][110]
File:Henryk Iwaniec.JPG Henryk Iwaniec Script error: No such module "flag".
2016 File:Hitchin70.jpg Nigel J. Hitchin Script error: No such module "flag". For his far-reaching contributions to geometry, representation theory and theoretical physics. The fundamental and elegant concepts and techniques that he has introduced have had wide impact and are of lasting importance.[111][112]
2017 János Kollár Script error: No such module "flag". For their remarkable results in many central areas of algebraic geometry, which have transformed the field and led to the solution of long-standing problems that had appeared out of reach.[113][114]
File:ClaireVoisinBMC2014.JPG Claire Voisin Script error: No such module "flag".
2018 File:Caffarelli en el Predio del CONICET Santa Fe (cropped).jpg Luis A. Caffarelli Script error: No such module "flag". For his groundbreaking work on partial differential equations, including creating a theory of regularity for nonlinear equations such as the Monge-Ampère equation, and free-boundary problems such as the obstacle problem, work that has influenced a whole generation of researchers in the field.[115][116]
2019 File:Michel Talagrand (cropped).jpg Michel Talagrand Script error: No such module "flag". For his work on concentration inequalities, on suprema of stochastic processes and on rigorous results for spin glasses.[117][118]
2020 File:Alexander Beilinson (cropped).jpg Alexander Beilinson Script error: No such module "flag". For their huge influence on and profound contributions to representation theory, as well as many other areas of mathematics.[119][120]
File:David Kazhdan.jpg David Kazhdan Script error: No such module "flag".
2021 File:Jean-Michel Bismut.jpg Jean-Michel Bismut Script error: No such module "flag". For their remarkable insights that have transformed, and continue to transform, modern geometry.[121][122]
Jeff Cheeger Script error: No such module "flag".
2022 Noga Alon Script error: No such module "flag". For their remarkable contributions to discrete mathematics and model theory with interaction notably with algebraic geometry, topology and computer sciences.[123][124]
File:Ehud Hrushovski.jpg Ehud Hrushovski Script error: No such module "flag".
2023 Vladimir Drinfeld Script error: No such module "flag". For their contributions related to mathematical physics, to arithmetic geometry, to differential geometry and to Kähler geometry.[48]
File:Shing-Tung Yau.jpg Shing-Tung Yau Script error: No such module "flag".
2024 File:Peter Sarnak (cropped).jpg Peter Sarnak Script error: No such module "flag". For his development of the arithmetic theory of thin groups and the affine sieve, by bringing together number theory, analysis, combinatorics, dynamics, geometry and spectral theory.
2025 File:Kenji Fukaya 20101214.jpg Kenji Fukaya Template:JAP For his pioneering work on symplectic geometry, especially for envisioning the existence of a category — nowadays called the Fukaya category — consisting of Lagrangians on a symplectic manifold, for leading the monumental task of constructing it, and for his subsequent ground-breaking and impactful contributions to symplectic topology, mirror symmetry, and gauge theory.[49]

See also

Notes

  • <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>a The form and spelling of the names according to the Shaw Prize Foundation.
  • <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>b Sites of the work places of the Laureates at the time of the award.[125]
  • <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>c The rationale from the Shaw Prize Foundation.
  • <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>d Two prizes were awarded for the life science and medicine category in 2004: Stanley N. Cohen, Herbert W. Boyer and Yuet-Wai Kan jointly received one of the prizes (half went to Cohen and Boyer; the other half went to Kan). Richard Doll received the other prize.[125]
  • <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>e Half of the 2008 life science and medicine prize went to Keith H. S. Campbell and Ian Wilmut; the other half went to Shinya Yamanaka.[58]

References

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  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Portal bar

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