Government of Portugal
Template:Short description Template:Infobox executive government
The Government of Portugal, also referred to as the Government of the Portuguese Republic is one of the four Template:Ill of the Portuguese Republic, together with the President of the Republic, the Assembly of the Republic and the courts. It is both the body of sovereignty that conducts the general politics of the country and the superior body of the Portuguese public administration.[1]
The term "constitutional government" or simply "government" also refers to the team of ministers and its period of management under one prime minister. This concept is similar to an "administration" in the parlance of a presidential republic or to a "collective ministry" in the parlance of some Commonwealth countries. Each government in this sense is identified by a roman number, with the present one (formed in June 2025) being the XXV Constitutional Government since the establishment of the current democratic regime, in 1976.[2]
Composition
The Government comprises the prime minister, ministers and secretaries of state (junior ministers). Governments may also include one or more deputy prime ministers and deputy secretaries of state.[3] Each minister usually heads a ministry and has assigned to him or her one or more secretaries of state, while certain governments may also assign one or more deputy ministers, as well.[4]
Formation
After the elections for the Assembly of the Republic or the resignation of the previous government, the president listens to the parties in the Assembly of the Republic and invites someone to form a government.
The prime minister chooses members of the council of ministers. Then the president swears in the prime minister and the Government.[4]
Functions
The Government has political, legislative and administrative functions. These include, among other things, the power to negotiate with other countries or international organizations, to submit bills to the Assembly of the Republic, to issue decrees and to take administrative choices.
The Government guides its actions by the governmental program and implements it in the state budget that is submitted to the Assembly of the Republic each year, in the laws that it proposes, in the decrees that it issues in the Portuguese Council of Ministers, and in individual decisions made by its members.
There are no guarantees that the government will stick to its government program, but if it fails to do so, its actions will be judged by the citizens in forthcoming elections.
The Government may also be questioned by the other three sovereignty organs: the president of the republic, the Assembly of the Republic and the courts. The president may veto governmental decrees and a government bill may fail to pass in the Assembly of the Republic, where a motion of no confidence may be approved.[4]
The Council of Ministers
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The Council of Ministers is a collegial executive body within the Government of Portugal. It is usually presided over by the prime minister, but the president of the republic can preside over it at the prime minister's request. Besides the prime minister, the vice prime ministers and all ministers are members of the Council of Ministers. When the prime minister finds it fit, certain secretaries of state can also attend its meetings, but without being able to vote.[5]
List of governments (since 1976)
| Gov[7] | Start[7] | End[7] | Prime minister[7] | Parties in Government |
Notes and main political events | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | 1976-07-23 | 1978-01-23 | rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;" | | Mário Soares | PS | 1976 election (34.9%), minority government, motion of confidence rejectionScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| II | 1978-01-23 | 1978-08-29 | PS + CDS | Coalition government, President Ramalho Eanes dismisses the governmentScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||
| III | 1978-08-29 | 1978-11-22 | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | Alfredo Nobre da Costa | Independent | Nobre da Costa is appointed by President Ramalho Eanes to form government, government resignedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| IV | 1978-11-22 | 1979-07-07 | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | Carlos Mota Pinto | Mota Pinto is appointed by President Ramalho Eanes to form government, prime-minister resignsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| V | 1979-08-01 | 1980-01-03 | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | Maria de Lurdes Pintasilgo | Lurdes Pintasilgo is appointed by President Ramalho Eanes to form a caretaker government, the first and only time a woman has held this positionScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| VI | 1980-01-03 | 1981-01-09 | style="background: linear-gradient(Template:Party color 50%, Template:Party color 50%);" | | Francisco Sá Carneiro, Diogo Freitas do AmaralTemplate:Efn |
AD (PSD + CDS + PPM) | 1979 election (45.3%) 1980 election (47.6%), Sá Carneiro's death, Diogo Freitas do Amaral (CDS) as interim prime-ministerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| VII | 1981-01-09 | 1981-09-04 | rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;" | | Francisco Pinto Balsemão | Pinto Balsemão is chosen by his party (PSD) to replace Sá Carneiro, prime-minister resignedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| VIII | 1981-09-04 | 1983-07-09 | Pinto Balsemão is chosen by his party to become prime-minister again, prime-minister resignedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| IX | 1983-07-09 | 1985-11-06 | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | Mário Soares | PS + PSD | 1983 election (36.1% + 27.2%), coalition government (Central Bloc)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| X | 1985-11-06 | 1987-08-17 | rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color;" | | Aníbal Cavaco Silva | PSD | 1985 election (29.9%), minority government, motion of no confidence approvalScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| XI | 1987-08-17 | 1991-10-31 | 1987 election (50.2%) | |||
| XII | 1991-10-31 | 1995-10-25 | 1991 election (50.6%) | |||
| XIII | 1995-10-28 | 1999-10-25 | rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;" | | António Guterres | PS | 1995 election (43.8%), minority governmentScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| XIV | 1999-10-25 | 2002-04-06 | 1999 election (44.1%), minority government, prime-minister resignedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| XV | 2002-04-06 | 2004-07-17 | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | Durão Barroso | PSD + CDS–PP | 2002 election (40.2% + 8.7%), coalition government, prime-minister resignedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| XVI | 2004-07-17 | 2005-03-12 | style="background:Template:Party color;"| | Santana Lopes | Santana Lopes nominated after Durão Barroso's resignation, parliament dissolved by President Jorge Sampaio, new election calledScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| XVII | 2005-03-12 | 2009-10-26 | rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;" | | José Sócrates | PS | 2005 election (45.0%) |
| XVIII | 2009-10-26 | 2011-06-20 | 2009 election (36.6%), minority government, government resignedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| XIX | 2011-06-20 | 2015-10-30 | rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;" | | Pedro Passos Coelho | PSD + CDS–PP | 2011 election (38.7% + 11.7%), coalition governmentScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| XX | 2015-10-30 | 2015-11-26 | PàF (PSD + CDS–PP) | 2015 election (38.6%), minority government, motion of rejection approvalScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||
| XXI | 2015-11-26 | 2019-10-26 | rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color;" | | António Costa | PS | President Cavaco Silva appoints the 2015 election second largest party leader, minority governmentScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| XXII | 2019-10-26 | 2022-03-30 | 2019 election (36.3%), minority government, budget rejectionScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| XXIII | 2022-03-30 | 2024-04-02 | 2022 election (41.4%), prime-minister resignedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| XXIV | 2024-04-02 | 2025-06-05 | rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;" | | Luís Montenegro | AD (PSD + CDS–PP) | 2024 election (28.8%), minority government, motion of confidence rejectionScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| XXV | 2025-06-05 | Incumbent | 2025 election (31.8%), minority governmentScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
See also
Notes
References
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External links
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Template:Constitutional Governments of Portugal Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Country topics Template:Authority control