Santiago Metropolitan Region

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Santiago Metropolitan Region (Template:Langx) is one of Chile's 16 first-order administrative divisions. It is the country's only landlocked administrative region and contains the nation's capital, Santiago. Most commercial and administrative centers are located in the region, including Chile's main international airport, Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport.

With an area of Script error: No such module "convert". and population over seven million, it is Chile's most populated and most densely populated region. It is also the most developed subdivision in all of South America with a very high HDI of 0.908.[1]

History

The region's history of European influence started in 1542,[2] a few days after Santiago was founded. When the Santiago cabildo was built, its function was to supervise the entire territory. Later, with the creation of the cities of La Serena and Concepción and the creation of their respective cabildos, its territorial reach was reduced.

On 30 August 1826, 8 provinces were created, with the Santiago Province being one of them, but it wasn't until 1980 that the Metropolitan Region was created.

Geography

Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Metropolitana is Chile's only landlocked region and lies in the Intermediate Depression valley between the Chilean Coast Range and the Andes Mountains. Cerro San Cristóbal dominates the sprawling Santiago cityscape at a height of Script error: No such module "convert". above sea level with city suburbs steadily climbing the foothills of the Andes to the east. The Tupungato stratovolcano, measures Script error: No such module "convert". on the Argentine border, is one of South America's highest peaks.

The dominant drainage basin feeds into the Maipo River; its main tributaries are the Mapocho, Yeso and Colorado rivers.[2]

Most of the region is made up of an extremely fertile, level prairie that the locals call la Depresión intermedia (Intermediate Depression). The terrain is known for its low elevation in relation to sea level and for being surrounded by hills, as well as emergent so-called island hills, such as Santa Lucía (an ancient extinct volcano), Blanco, and Renca, present today in the city of Santiago.

There is some occurrence of the endangered Chilean Wine Palm, Jubaea chilensis within the Santiago Province;[3] this iconic tree of central Chile had a much larger range prehistorically, before the decimation of much of its habitat by the expanding human population.

The region mountainous parts of the region host various deposits of copper ore. To the north the mine of Los Bronces straddle the border with Valparaíso Region in the high Andes. Also in the high Andes but to the south along the border with O'Higgins Region lies the unexploited copper ore prospect of Catedral.[4] To the west of the region at the foot of the Chilean Coastal Cordillera lies the mine Lo Aguirre which closed in 2000.[5]

Climate

The climate of the Metropolitan Region is temperate Mediterranean cold, of the kind called continental. Precipitation is concentrated in the winter months, generally as snow over 900 m above sea level and, in colder years, over the city of Santiago. Winter tends to be cold with frequent frosts during which temperature drops below Script error: No such module "convert".. The summer months are usually dry and hot. The Cordillera de la Costa acts as a climate screen and reduces marine influence, which makes the climate more continental. This situation becomes apparent when comparing precipitation from a coastal location such as Valparaíso (460 mm) with that of Santiago de Chile (360 mm).

The annual median precipitation reaches 367 mm on average. The annual median temperature comes out to Script error: No such module "convert"., with a median high of Script error: No such module "convert". and a median low of Script error: No such module "convert". in urban areas. Rural areas tend to be colder, as temperature reaches Script error: No such module "convert". in the coldest months (July, August)

Government

The region is divided into 6 provinces, which are themselves divided into 52 communes. Since 2021 the region is governed by the governor, who is elected by popular vote. The current governor is Claudio Orrego Larraín (Independent). Template:Static row numbersTemplate:ValignTemplate:Sticky headerTemplate:Sort under

Commune Province Population

(2024)[6]

Alhué Melipilla 7,768
Buin Maipo 116,969
Calera de Tango Maipo 25,491
Cerrillos Santiago 85,041
Cerro Navia Santiago 127,250
Colina Chacabuco 173,293
Conchalí Santiago 121,587
Curacaví Melipilla 35,165
El Bosque Santiago 155,257
El Monte Talagante 37,497
Estación Central Santiago 181,049
Huechuraba Santiago 101,808
Independencia Santiago 116,943
Isla de Maipo Talagante 39,274
La Cisterna Santiago 103,157
La Florida Santiago 374,836
La Granja Santiago 112,022
La Pintana Santiago 175,421
La Reina Santiago 89,870
Lampa Chacabuco 145,160
Las Condes Santiago 296,134
Lo Barnechea Santiago 112,620
Lo Espejo Santiago 87,295
Lo Prado Santiago 91,290
Macul Santiago 123,800
Maipú Santiago 503,635
María Pinto Melipilla 15,352
Melipilla Melipilla 136,325
Ñuñoa Santiago 241,467
Padre Hurtado Talagante 81,243
Paine Maipo 78,828
Pedro Aguirre Cerda Santiago 96,062
Peñaflor Talagante 94,402
Peñalolén Santiago 236,478
Pirque Cordillera 29,060
Providencia Santiago 143,974
Pudahuel Santiago 227,820
Puente Alto Cordillera 568,086
Quilicura Santiago 205,624
Quinta Normal Santiago 129,351
Recoleta Santiago 154,615
Renca Santiago 143,622
San Bernardo Maipo 306,371
San Joaquín Santiago 95,602
San José de Maipo Cordillera 17,441
San Miguel Santiago 150,829
San Pedro Melipilla 11,108
San Ramón Santiago 76,002
Santiago Santiago 438,856
Talagante Talagante 76,429
Til-Til Chacabuco 19,742
Vitacura Santiago 86,420

Demographics

<templatestyles src="Module:Historical populations/styles.css"/>Script error: No such module "Historical populations". As of the 2024 census, the region has a population of 7,400,741, of which 48.4% are male and 51.6% are female, compared to the nationwide average of 48.5% and 51.5% respectively. People under 15 years old make up 17.3% of the population, and people over 65 years old make up 13.2%, compared to the nationwide average of 17.7% and 14.0% respectively. 96.2% of the population is urban and 3.8% is rural.[6]


Economy

The region's principal industries include manufacturing, services, retail, and financial services. The capital of Santiago serves as the country's administrative, industrial, commercial, financial and cultural center, producing 41.5% of Chile's gross domestic product, according to central bank estimates.

Notable places

The Plaza de Armas, the central square in downtown Santiago, hosts the city's cathedral and city hall. Eight city blocks around the presidential palace, La Moneda, are where most ministries, services and commercial banks can be found. Vitacura and El Golf host most of the city's high-rise buildings and are also home to the Latin American headquarters of several United Nations organizations.[2] Though Santiago's expansion has caused newer vineyards to move to more rural locations, many of the country's oldest wineries, built in the 19th century, have preserved cellars in the valley.[2]

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  3. ↑ C. Michael Hogan (2008) Chilean Wine Palm: Jubaea chilensis, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg Template:Webarchive
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".

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Gallery

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