Jubaea

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Jubaea chilensis)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Template:Speciesbox

Jubaea is a genus of palms with one species, Jubaea chilensis, commonly known in English as the Chilean wine palm or Chile cocopalm, and palma chilena[1] in Spanish. It is native to southwestern South America and is endemic to a small area of central Chile between 32°S and 35°S in southern Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Santiago, O'Higgins, and northern Maule regions.

The extinct palm tree of Easter Island belonged to this genus as well. In 1991, the Easter Island palm was placed in its own genus, Paschalococos.[2] However, this has not been widely accepted.

Growth

In its area of natural distribution, young Jubaeas tend to grow near adult specimens, preferring also sunny and vegetated sites.[3]

The thickest well-documented Jubaea was on the estate of J. Harrison Wright in Riverside, California. Its diameter "at shoulder height" was Template:Cvt.[4] The largest of several specimens at the Adelaide (South Australia) Botanic Garden in 1889 was stated to be Template:Cvt thick at the base.[5] A hollow (but living) Jubaea in the Ocoa Valley near La Campana National Park, Chile, is Template:Cvt thick at its base, with no apparent taper in the lower trunk.[6] The largest individual specimen of indoor plant in the world was the Jubaea chilensis at Kew Gardens, which was cut off by staff in 2014 because it grew to the top of its greenhouse.[7] Of the more than 2,600 known species of palms, Jubaea chilensis is the second most massive, exceeded only by the floodplain or river bottom variety of Borassus aethiopum.[8] Karsten and Schenck reported a maximum height of Template:Cvt for Jubaea.[9]

Uses

The leaves can be used to weave baskets, and it has edible seeds, widely eaten and known as Coquito nuts. The sap can be used to make palm wine and palm syrup, although unlike other palms which can be tapped, the whole tree has to be felled; this is now restricted by legal protection.[10]

Conservation

The species is partially protected within Chile, although pressures of human population growth and expansion of grazing areas have reduced the population of the Chilean wine palm in recent centuries.[11] The collection of its seed and their predation by common degu may also have a negative impact for the growth of new generations of Jubea.[3] The IUCN Red List considers the palm Endangered.

A recent study concluded that predation of the fruits by humans, the seeds by the exotic rat (Rattus rattus) and the young seedlings by exotic rabbits is leading to seed dispersal collapse of this species, leaving it at risk of extinction in its natural habitat.[12]

Taxonomy

The species was originally described as Palma chilensis by Chilean botanist Juan Ignacio Molina in 1808.[13] After being moved to other genera including Molinaea, Micrococos and Cocos by other botanists, it was finally placed in the genus Jubaea by French botanist Henri Ernest Baillon in 1895, as J. chilensis (Molina) Baill.[14][15]

Jubaea is named after King Juba II.[16][17][18]

History

Charles Darwin examined these trees on visiting Chile in 1832 on the second voyage of HMS Beagle and noted:

<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />

These palms are, for their family, ugly trees. Their trunk is very large, and of a curious form, being thicker in the middle than at the base or top.[10]

— Template:Comma separated entries

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

In 1843, a specimen was grown from seed at Kew Gardens, London, England, and was moved into the Temperate House in 1863, eventually growing to Template:Convert. It was believed to be the world's tallest indoor plant, until it had to be felled in 2013 because it had outgrown the space available and could not be moved. It has been replaced by seedlings from the original tree.[19]

Gallery

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Further reading

External links

Template:Sister project

Template:Arecaceae genera Template:Taxonbar Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Principes Vol. 1 # 2 (January 1957) p. 57.
  5. ↑ James H. Veitch, Gardener's Chronicle, Vol. 6 (third series) (October 5, 1889) p. 384.
  6. ↑ Chris Caradine, "A Day in Ocoa", THE PALM JOURNAL, # 143 (November 1998) p. 20 with photo.
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Dr. Al C. Carder, GIANT TREES OF WESTERN AMERICA AND THE WORLD, (Madeira Park, British Columbia, Canada: Harbour Publishing, 2005) p. 130.
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ C. Michael Hogan. 2008
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Jubaea&oldid=2581361"