List of supernovae

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Template:Short description

File:Crab Nebula.jpg
SN 1054 remnant
(Crab Nebula)

A supernova is an event in which a star destroys itself in an explosion which can briefly become as luminous as an entire galaxy. This list of supernovas of historical significance includes events that were observed prior to the development of photography, and individual events that have been the subject of a scientific paper that contributed to supernova theory.

List of supernovae

In most entries, the year when the supernova was seen is part of the designation (1st column).

Supernova
designation
(year) 		Constellation Observations Apparent
magnitude 		Distance
(light years) 		Type Galaxy Notes
Template:NtshSN 185 Centaurus 7 December 185 Template:Ntsh−4 (?)[1] 9,100[2] Template:NtshIa (?) Milky Way Surviving description sketchy; modern estimates of maximum apparent magnitude vary from +4 to −8. The remnant is probably RCW 86, some 8200 ly distant,[3] making it comparable to SN 1572. Some researchers have suggested it was a comet, not a supernova.[4][5]
Template:NtshSN 386 Sagittarius April/May 386 Template:Ntsh+1.5 14,700 Template:NtshII Milky Way "suggested SN",[6] candidate remnant could be G11.2-0.3.[7][8] There are three suggestions and doubtful if SN at all or classical nova or something else.[9]
Template:NtshSN 393 Scorpius 27 February − 28 March - 22 October − 19 November 393 Template:Ntsh–0 3,400 Template:Ntsh II/Ib Milky Way "possible SN",[6] could also be classical nova or something else[9]
Template:NtshSN 1006 Lupus 17 April 1006 - 1 May 1006 Template:Ntsh–7.5[10] 7,200 Template:NtshIa Milky Way Widely observed on Earth; in apparent magnitude, the brightest stellar event in recorded history.[11]
Template:NtshSN 1054 Taurus c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". [O.S. c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".] 1054
c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". [O.S. c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".] 1056 		Template:Ntsh–6[12] 6,500 Template:NtshII Milky Way Remnant is the Crab Nebula with its pulsar (neutron star)
Template:NtshSN 1181 Cassiopeia 4 August 1181 - 6 August 1181 Template:Ntsh0 7,100 Template:Ntshsub-luminous Type Iax supernova Milky Way Remnant is Pa 31 with its hot stellar remnant[13]
Template:NtshSN 1572 Cassiopeia November 1572 Template:Ntsh–4.0 8,000 Template:NtshIa Milky Way Tycho's Nova
Template:NtshSN 1604 Ophiuchus 8–9 October 1604 Template:Ntsh–3 14,000 Template:NtshIa Milky Way Kepler's Supernova; most recent readily visible supernova within the Milky Way
Template:NtshCas A,
c. 1680 		Cassiopeia 1680 Template:Ntsh+5 9,000 Template:NtshIIb Milky Way Apparently never visually conspicuos, due to interstellar dust; but the remnant, Cas A, is the brightest extrasolar radio source in the sky
Template:NtshG1.9+0.3,
cal. 1868 		Sagittarius 1868 (visible light masked by dust) 25,000 Template:NtshIa Milky Way Located near the Galactic Center; "Posthummusly" discovered in 1985; age determined in 2008
Template:NtshSN 1885A Andromeda 20 August 1885 Template:Ntsh+5.85[14] 2,500,000 Template:NtshIpec Andromeda Galaxy First observation of an extragalactic supernova
Template:NtshSN 1895B Centaurus 12 December 1895 Template:Ntsh+8.0[15] 10,900,000 Template:NtshIa NGC 5253  
Template:NtshSN 1909A Ursa Major January 1909 Template:Ntsh+12.1 21,000,000 Pinwheel Galaxy (M101) [16][17]
Template:NtshSN 1937C Canes Venatici 24 August 1937 Template:Ntsh+8.4[15] 13,000,000 Template:NtshIa IC 4182  
Template:NtshSN 1939C Cepheus 17 July 1939 Template:Ntsh+13.0 25,200,000 Template:NtshI NGC 6946 (Fireworks Galaxy)  
Template:NtshSN 1940B Coma Berenices 5 May 1940 Template:Ntsh+12.8 38,000,000 Template:NtshII-P NGC 4725  
Template:NtshSN 1951H Ursa Major 1 September 1951 Template:Ntsh+17.5 21,000,000 Pinwheel Galaxy (M101) [18]
Template:NtshSN 1961V Perseus 11 July 1961 Template:Ntsh+12.5 30,000,000 Template:NtshII? NGC 1058 Potential supernova impostor[19]
Template:NtshSN 1970G Ursa Major 30 July 1970 Template:Ntsh+12.1 21,000,000 Template:NtshII Pinwheel Galaxy (M101) [20][21][22]
Template:NtshSN 1972E Centaurus 13 May 1972 Template:Ntsh+8.7[23] 10,900,000 Template:NtshIa NGC 5253 Followed for more than a year; became the prototypical Type Ia supernova
Template:NtshSN 1983N Hydra 3 July 1983 Template:Ntsh+11.8 15,000,000 Template:NtshIb Messier 83 First observation of a Type Ib supernova
Template:NtshSN 1986J Andromeda 21 August 1986 Template:Ntsh+18.4 30,000,000 Template:NtshIIn NGC 891 Bright in the radio frequency range
Template:NtshSN 1987A Dorado 1987 Template:Ntsh+2.9 160,000 Template:NtshIIpec Large Magellanic Cloud Intense radiation reached Earth on February 23, 1987, 7:35:35 UT. Notable for archival photos of progenitor star and detection of supernova neutrinos. Most recent Local Group supernova
Template:NtshSN 1993J Ursa Major 28 March 1993 Template:Ntsh+10.7[24] 11,000,000 Template:NtshIIb M81 One of the brightest supernovae in the northern sky since 1954
Template:NtshSN 1994D Virgo 7 March 1994 Template:Ntsh+15.2 50,000,000 Template:NtshIa NGC 4526
Template:NtshSN 1998bw Telescopium 26 April 1998 ? 140,000,000 Template:NtshIc ESO 184-G82 Linked to GRB 980425, which was the first time a gamma-ray burst has been linked to a supernova.
Template:NtshSN 1999eh Lynx 12 October 1999 Template:Ntsh+18.3 +/- 0.3 84,000,000 Template:Ntsh I NGC 2770 First supernovae in this galaxy, where 3 more were detected later.
Template:NtshSN 2002bj Lupus 2002 Template:Ntsh+14.7 160,000,000 Template:NtshIIn NGC 1821 AM Canum Venaticorum-type outburst.[25]
Template:NtshSN 2002dd Ursa Major 2002 Template:Ntsh+24.0 8,000,000,000 Template:NtshIa anonymous galaxy Furthest supernova observed through Hubble Deep Field.[26]
Template:NtshSN 2003fg Boötes 2003 4,000,000,000 Template:NtshIa anonymous galaxy Also known as the "Champagne supernova"
Template:NtshSN 2004am Ursa Major March 2004 11,500,000 Template:NtshII M82 (Cigar Galaxy) [27]
Template:NtshSN 2004dj Camelopardalis 31 July 2004
18:15 		8,000,000 Template:NtshII-P NGC 2403 NGC 2403 is an outlying member of the M81 Group
SN 2213-1745 Aquarius November 2004-June 2005 Template:NtshII [28]
Template:NtshSN 2005ap Coma Berenices 3 March 2005 4,700,000,000 Template:NtshII ? Announced in 2007 to be the brightest supernova up to that point.
Template:NtshSN 2005gj Cetus 27 September 2005 865,000,000 Template:NtshIa/II-n ? Notable for having characteristics of both Type Ia and Type IIn.
Template:NtshSN 2005gl Pisces 5 October 2005 Template:Ntsh+16.5 200,000,000 Template:NtshII-n NGC 266 Star could be found on old pictures.[29]
Template:NtshSN 2006gy Perseus 18 September 2006 Template:Ntsh+15 240,000,000 Template:NtshIIn (*) NGC 1260 Observed by NASA,
*with a peak of over 70 days, possibly a new type.
Template:NtshSN 2006jc Lynx 9 October 2006 77,000,000 Template:NtshIbn UGC 4904
Template:NtshSN 2007bi Virgo Early 2007 Template:Ntsh+18.3 Template:NtshIa anonymous dwarf galaxy Extremely bright and long-lasting, the first good observational match for the pair-instability supernova model postulated for stars of initial mass greater than 140 solar masses (even better than SN 2006gy). The precursor is estimated at 200 solar masses, similar to the first stars of the early universe.[30]
Template:NtshSN 2007uy Lynx 31 December 2007 Template:Ntsh+16.8 84,000,000 Template:NtshIbc NGC 2770 Got overshadowed by SN 2008D.
Template:NtshSN 2008D Lynx 9 January 2008 88,000,000 Template:NtshIbc NGC 2770 First supernova to be observed while it exploded.
Template:NtshMENeaC Abell399.3.14.0 Aries Template:Ntsh+28.7 1,000,000,000
(z=0.0613) 		Template:NtshIa anonymous red globular cluster associated with anonymous red elliptical galaxy in cluster Abell 399 Observed in 2009. Supernova associated with a globular cluster[31][32]
Template:NtshSN 2009ip Piscis Austrinus 2009 66,000,000 Template:NtshIIn NGC 7259 In 2009 classified as supernova. Redesignated as Luminous blue variable (LBV) Supernova impostor.[33] In September 2012 classified as a young type IIn supernova.[34]
Template:NtshSN 2010lt Camelopardalis 2 January 2011 Template:Ntsh+17.0 240,000,000 Template:NtshIa (sub-luminous) UGC 3378 Discovered by 10-year-old girl, the youngest person to discover a supernova.
Template:NtshSN 2011fe Ursa Major 24 August 2011 Template:Ntsh+10.0 21,000,000 Template:NtshIa M101 One of the very few extragalactic supernovae visible in 50mm binoculars.
Template:NtshSN UDS10Wil Cetus April 2013 166,000,000,000 Also Known as SN Wilson.[35]

[36] [37] [38]

Template:NtshSN 2014J Ursa Major Mid January 2014 Template:Ntsh+10.1 11,500,000 Template:NtshIa M82 Closest supernova since SN 2004dj in NGC 2403.
Template:NtshSN 2014aa Leo 7 March 2014 310,000,000 Template:NtshIa NGC 3861 [39][40][41]
Template:NtshSN Refsdal Leo 11 November 2014 14,400,000,000 SP 1149 It is the first detected multiply-lensed supernova, visible within the field of the galaxy cluster MACS J1149+2223.[42][43][44][45]
Template:NtshASASSN-15ga Virgo 1 April 2015 1,000,000,000 Template:NtshIa NGC 4866 [46]
Template:NtshASASSN-15lh SN 2015L Indus 14 June 2015 Template:Ntsh+16.9 3,800,000,000 Template:NtshIc APMUKS(BJ) B215839.70−615403.9 Most luminous hypernova ever observed.
IPTF14hls Ursa Major September 2014 Template:Ntsh+17.7 509,000,000 unknown SDSS J092034.44+504148.7 (possible dwarf galaxy) Unusual supernova
Template:NtshSN 2016aps Draco 22 February 2016 Template:Ntsh+18.11 3,600,000,000 Template:NtshSLSB-II ? Most luminous supernova-like event to date.
Template:NtshSN 2017gax Dorado 14 August 2017 517,000,000 Template:Ntsh I NGC 1672
Template:NtshSN 2018gv Puppis 15 January 2018 70,000,000 Template:NtshIa NGC 2525 [47][48][49][50][51]
Template:NtshSN 2018zd Camelopardalis 2 March 2018 Template:Ntsh+17.8 70,000,000 Template:NtshIa-csm NGC 2146 First electron capture supernova ever detected
Template:NtshSN 2018cow Hercules 16 June 2018, 10:35:02 200,000,000 Template:NtshIb CGCG 137-068 [52]
SN 2019np Leo Minor 9 January 2019 Template:Ntsh+13.0 75,000,000 Template:Ntsh Ia NGC 3254 [53][54]
SN 2019hgp Boötes Template:Ntsh+20.16 920,000,000 Template:NtshIcn First detected supernova of a Wolf-Rayet star[55][56]
SN 2020oi Coma Berenices 7 January 2020 Template:Ntsh+17.28 46,000,000 Template:NtshIc Messier 100 Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
SN 2020fqv Virgo 31 March 2020 Template:Ntsh+19.0 59,400,000 Template:NtshIIb NGC 4568 Earliest known observation of an explosion, 26 hours after[57][58][59]
SN 2020jfo Virgo 6 May 2020 45,610,000 Template:NtshII M61 [60][61][62]
SN 2020tlf Boötes 2020 Template:Ntsh+15.89 120,000,000 Template:NtshIIn NGC 5731 First red supergiant observed before, during and after explosion; earliest known observation, at 130 days before explosion[63][64]
SN 2021gmj Ursa Major 20 March 2021 Template:Ntsh+11.2 34,800,00 Template:NtshII-P NGC 3310 [65]
SN 2021hpr Draco April 2, 2021 129,000,000 ± 29 Template:NtshIa NGC 3147 [66]
SN 2021jad Lepus April 2021 65,000,000 Template:NtshIa NGC 1964 [67]
Template:NtshSN 2021yja Eridanus 8 September 2021 750,000,000 Template:NtshII NGC 1325[68][69]
SN 2021aefx Dorado 11 November 2021 Template:Ntsh+17.2 69,000,000 Template:NtshIa NGC 1566 [70]
Template:NtshSN 2021afdx Sculptor 23 November 2021 Template:Ntsh+18.8 500,000,000 Template:NtshII Cartwheel Galaxy [71][72]
SN 2022jli Cetus 5 May 2022 Template:Ntsh+14 75,000,000 type I-c NGC 157 Type Ic, shows periodicity[73][74][75][76]
Template:NtshSN 2022aajn Gemini November 2022 600,000,000 Template:NtshIa [77]
SN 2023ixf Ursa Major 19 May 2023
17:27 		Template:Ntsh+10.8 21,000,000 type II-L Pinwheel Galaxy (M101)[78] Closest and brightest supernova since SN 2014J
Template:NtshSN 2023rve Fornax 8 September 2023 Template:Ntsh+13.9 450,000,000 Template:NtshII NGC 1097[79][80][81][82][83] Brightest Supernova Since SN 2023ixf.
Template:NtshSN 2023vyl Pegasus 28 October 2023 783,000,000 Template:NtshIa NGC 7625 [84][85]
Template:NtshSN 2023abdg Grus 12 December 2023 816,000,000 Template:NtshII NGC 7421 [86]
SN 2023ufx Template:Ntsh+15.55 Template:Ntsh II The most metal-poor supernova found to date.[87]
SN H0pe Ursa Major 2023 Template:NtshIa PLCK G165.7+67.0 Arc 1 [88]
Template:NtshSN 2024gy Virgo 4 January 2024 Template:Ntsh+12.8 55,000,000 Template:Ntsh Ia NGC 4216 [89]
Template:NtshSN 2024ggi Hydra 11 April 2024 Template:Ntsh+11.9 21,700,000 Template:Ntsh II NGC 3621 [90]
Template:NtshSN 2024inv Leo 10 May 2024 Template:Ntsh+12.1 82,200,000 Template:Ntsh Ia NGC 3524 [91]
Template:NtshSN 2024muv Virgo 26 June 2024 Template:Ntsh+12.7 65,000,000 Template:Ntsh Ia NGC 4699 [92]
Template:NtshSN 2024abfl Camelopardalis 15 November 2024 41,000,000 Template:Ntsh II NGC 2146 [93]
Template:NtshSN 2025fvw Serpens 26 March 2025 Template:Ntsh+13.8 100,000,000 Template:Ntsh Ia NGC 5957 [94]

Supernova statistics

Template:Table alignment

Yearly extragalactic supernovae reported
Year Total Type I Type II LBV
(imposters) 		Brighter than
apmag 13 		Apmag of brightest
Supernova of that year
2024[95] Script error: No such module "val". 1675 473 4 5 11.9 (2024ggi in NGC 3621)
2023[96] Script error: No such module "val". 1430 417 7 2 10.9 (2023ixf in Messier 101)
2022[97] Script error: No such module "val". 1732 396 7 4 12.3 (2022hrs in NGC 4647)
2021[98] Script error: No such module "val". 1849 465 5 8 12.0 (2021aefx in NGC 1566)
2020[99] Script error: No such module "val". 1648 451 7 7 11.8 (2020ue in NGC 4636)
2019[100] Script error: No such module "val". 1652 485 9 1 13.0 (2019np in NGC 3254)
2018[101] Script error: No such module "val". 1206 332 7 5 12.7 (2018pv in NGC 3941)
2017[102] 8293 746 218 4 3 11.5 (2017cbv in NGC 5643)
2016[103] 7737 681 226 3 0 13.0 (2016coj in NGC 4125)
2015[104] 4474 707 214 4 2 12.9 (2015F in NGC 2442)
2014[105] 2243 528 175 2 3 10.1 (2014J in Messier 82)
2013[106] 1922 498 190 7 6 11.3 (2013aa in NGC 5643)
2012[107] 1223 550 152 8 5 11.9 (2012fr in NGC 1365)
2011[108] 1129 439 160 10 7 9.9 (2011fe in Messier 101)
2010[109] 931 279 135 7 2 12.8 (2010ih in NGC 2325)
2009[110] 576 202 137 1 0 13.0 (2009ig in NGC 1015)
2008[111] 511 251 143 1 3 12.4 (2008ge in NGC 1527)
2007[112] 605 442 130 1 3 12.0 (2007it in NGC 5530)
2006[113] 558 418 124 2 3 12.1 (2006dd in NGC 1316)
2005[114] 385 273 94 1 2 12.3 (2005df in NGC 1559)
2004[115] 343 221 79 0 2 11.2 (2004dj in NGC 2403)
2003[116] 384 198 89 1 1 12.3 (2003hv in NGC 1201)
2002[117] 353 163 64 0 1 12.3 (2002ap in Messier 74)
2001[118] 310 108 75 0 2 12.3 (2001e1 in NGC 1448)
2000[119] 199 76 49 1 0 13.1 (2000cx in NGC 528)
2000–2023 147,135 16,297
(76.5%)		 5000 95 72

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Modern estimates vary widely; see SN 185 for more detail.
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Further reading

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

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