Messier 83

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Messier 83 or M83, also known as the Southern Pinwheel Galaxy and NGC 5236, is a barred spiral galaxy[1] approximately 15 million light-years away in the constellation borders of Hydra and Centaurus. Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille discovered M83 on 17 February 1752 at the Cape of Good Hope.[2] Charles Messier added it to his catalogue of nebulous objects (now known as the Messier Catalogue) in March 1781.[2]

It is one of the closest and brightest barred spiral galaxies in the sky, and is visible with binoculars.[3] It has an isophotal diameter at about Script error: No such module "convert".. Its nickname of the SouthernTemplate:Efn Pinwheel derives from its resemblance to the Pinwheel Galaxy (M101).

Characteristics

File:M83 - Southern Pinwheel.jpg
Messier 83 captured by the Wide Field Imager at ESO's La Silla Observatory in September 2008

M83 is a massive, grand design spiral galaxy.[4] Its morphological classification in the De Vaucouleurs system is SAB(s)c,[5] where the 'SAB' denotes a weak-barred spiral, '(s)' indicates a pure spiral structure with no ring, and 'c' means the spiral arms are loosely wound.[6] The peculiar dwarf galaxy NGC 5253 lies near M83,[7] and the two likely interacted within the last billion years resulting in starburst activity in their central regions.[4]

The star formation rate in M83 is higher along the leading edge of the spiral arms, as predicted by density wave theory.[8] NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer project on 16 April 2008 reported finding large numbers of new stars in the outer reaches of the galaxy—Script error: No such module "val". from the center. It had been thought that these areas lacked the materials necessary for star formation.[9][10]

In April 2025 it was published that first clues were found for the possible existence of a supermassive black hole at the center of M83.[11]

Supernovae

Six supernovae have been observed in M83:

  • SN 1923A (type unknown, mag. 14) was discovered by Carl Otto Lampland on 5 May 1923.[12][13]
  • SN 1945B (type unknown, mag. 14.2) was discovered by William Liller on 13 July 1945.[14][15]
  • SN 1950B (type unknown, mag. 14.5) was discovered by Guillermo Haro on 15 March 1950.[16]
  • SN 1957D (type unknown, mag. 15)[17] was discovered by Howard S. Gates on 28 December 1957.[18][19][20]
  • SN 1968L (Type II-P, mag. 11.9)[21][22] was discovered by J. C. Bennett on 17 July 1968.[23]
  • SN 1983N (Type Ia, mag. 11.9) was discovered by Robert Evans from Australia on 3 July 1983.[24][25] On 6 July, it was observed with the Very Large Array and became the first Type I supernova to have a radio emission detected. The supernova reached peak optical brightness on 17 July, achieving an apparent visual magnitude of 11.54.[26] Although identified as Type I, the spectrum was considered peculiar. A year after the explosion, about Script error: No such module "val". of iron was discovered in the ejecta. This was the first time that such a large amount of iron was unambiguously detected from a supernova explosion.[27] SN 1983N became the modern prototype of a hydrogen deficient Type Ib supernova, with the progenitor being inferred as a Wolf–Rayet star.[28]

Environment

M83 is at the center of one of two subgroups within the Centaurus A/M83 Group, a nearby galaxy group.[29] Centaurus A is at the center of the other subgroup. These are sometimes identified as one group,[30][31] and sometimes as two.[32] However, the galaxies around Centaurus A and the galaxies around M83 are physically close to each other, and both subgroups appear not to be moving relative to each other.[33]

See also

References

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  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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External links

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