Messier 100
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Messier 100 (also known as NGC 4321 or the Mirror Galaxy) is a grand design intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation of Coma Berenices.[1]Template:R/superscript It is one of the brightest and largest galaxies in the Virgo Cluster and is approximately 55 million light-years[2]Template:R/superscript from our galaxy, about 166,000 light-years in diameter. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781Template:Efn and 29 days later seen again and entered by Charles Messier in his catalogue "of nebulae and star clusters".[3]Template:R/superscript[4]Template:R/superscript It was one of the first spiral galaxies to be discovered,[4] and was listed as one of fourteen spiral nebulae by Lord William Parsons of Rosse in 1850. NGC 4323 and NGC 4328 are satellite galaxies of M100; the former is connected with it by a bridge of luminous matter.[5]Template:R/superscript[6]Template:R/superscript
Early observations
After the discovery of M100 by Méchain, Charles Messier made observations of the galaxy depicting it as a nebula without a star. He pointed out that it was difficult to recognize the nebula because of its faintness.[4] William Herschel was able to identify a bright cluster of stars within the "nebula" during his observations.[4] His son John expanded the findings in 1833. With the advent of better telescopes, John Herschel was able to see a round, brighter galaxy; however, he also mentioned that it was barely visible through clouds. William Henry Smyth extended the studies of M100, detailing it as a pearly white nebula and pointing out diffuse spots.[4]
Star formation
Messier 100 is considered a starburst galaxy[7]Template:R/superscript with the strongest star formation activity concentrated in its center, within a ring – actually two tightly wound spiral arms attached to a small nuclear bar of radius: one thousand parsecs[8]Template:R/superscript – where star formation has been taking place for at least 500 million years in separate bursts.[9]Template:R/superscript
Supernovae
Seven supernovae have been identified in M100:[1]
- On 17 March 1901 Heber Curtis discovered SN 1901B (Type I, mag. 15.6),[10]Template:R/superscript[1]Template:R/superscript[11]Template:R/superscript at 110"W and 4"N from the galaxy's nucleus.[12]Template:R/superscript
- Heber Curtis discovered SN 1914A (type unknown, mag. 15.7)[1]Template:R/superscript[13]Template:R/superscript on 2 March 1914, at 24"E and 111"S from the galaxy's nucleus.[10][12]
- Milton Humason, with observations from early to mid 1960,Template:Efn discovered SN 1959E (Type I, mag. 17.5),[1]Template:R/superscript[14]Template:R/superscript located 58"E and 21"S from the galaxy's nucleus.[15]Template:R/superscript
- On 15 April 1979, amateur astronomer Gus Johnson discovered SN 1979C, the first Type II supernova found in the M100 galaxy. However, the star faded quickly, and later observations from x-ray to radio wavelengths revealed its remnant.[1]Template:R/superscript[16]Template:R/superscript[17]Template:R/superscript
- SN 2006X (Type Ia, mag. 15.3) was discovered by Shoji Suzuki and Marco Migliardi on 7 February 2006, two weeks before fading to magnitude 17.[1]Template:R/superscript[18]Template:R/superscript[19]Template:R/superscript[20]Template:R/superscript
- Jaroslaw Grzegorzek discovered SN 2019ehk (TypeScript error: No such module "String".Ib, mag. 16.5) on 29 April 2019. The supernova reached a peak magnitude of approximately 15.8.[21]Template:R/superscript
- SN 2020oi (TypeScript error: No such module "String".Ic, mag. 17.28) was discovered by Automatic Learning for the Rapid Classification of Events (ALeRCE) on 7 January 2020.[1]Template:R/superscript[22]Template:R/superscript[23]Template:R/superscript
See also
References and footnotes
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External links
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- SEDS: Spiral Galaxy 100
- Messier 100 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
- ESA/Hubble Messier 100
- NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day
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- Messier 100
- Intermediate spiral galaxies
- Coma Berenices
- Messier objects
- NGC objects
- Astronomical objects discovered in 1781
- Virgo Cluster
- Discoveries by Pierre Méchain
- UGC objects
- MCG objects
- IRAS catalogue objects
- Principal Galaxies Catalogue objects