List of flora of Greenland

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The flora of Greenland consists of a total of 583 species or 614 taxa (species and subspecies) of vascular plants, of which 13 are endemic, and 87 taxa introduced by humans, most of which are naturalized.^[1]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".^[2]Template:Better source needed

Apiaceae

Angelica archangelica – native
Carum carvi – introduced
Ligusticum scoticum ssp. scoticum – native

Aspleniaceae

Asplenium viride – native

Asteraceae

Achillea millefolium ssp. millefolium – introduced
Antennaria affinis – native, endemic (microspecies)
Antennaria alpina
Antennaria angustata – native
Antennaria boecherana – native, endemic (microspecies)
Antennaria canescens – native
Antennaria compacta – native
Antennaria friesiana – native
Antennaria glabrata – native
Antennaria hansii – native, endemic (microspecies)
Antennaria intermedia – native, endemic (microspecies)
Antennaria porsildii – native
Antennaria sornborgeri – native
Antennaria subcanescens – native
Arnica angustifolia ssp. angustifolia – native
Artemisia borealis ssp. borealis – native
Artemisia vulgaris – introduced
Chamomilla recutita – introduced
Chamomilla suaveolens – introduced
Cirsium arvense – introduced
Cirsium helenioides – native, locally extinct
Crepis tectorum ssp. tectorum – introduced
Erigeron borealis – native
Erigeron compositus – native
Erigeron humilis – native
Erigeron uniflorus ssp. eriocephalus – native
Erigeron uniflorus ssp. uniflorus – native
Filaginella uliginosa – introduced
Hieracium sect. Alpina – native
Hieracium sect. Prenanthoidea – native
Hieracium sect. Subalpina – native
Hieracium sect. Tridentata – native
Leontodon autumnalis ssp. autumnalis – introduced (Norsemen)
Leucanthemum vulgare – introduced
Matricaria maritima ssp. phaeocephala – native
Matricaria perforata – introduced
Omalotheca norvegica – native
Omalotheca supina – native
Senecio vulgaris – introduced
Taraxacum sect. Arctica – native
Taraxacum sect. Borealia – native
Taraxacum sect. Spectabilia – native

Betulaceae

Alnus viridis ssp. crispa – native
Betula glandulosa – native
Betula nana ssp. nana – native
Betula pubescens ssp. minor – native

Boraginaceae

Asperugo procumbens – introduced
Mertensia maritima – native
Myosotis arvensis – introduced

Brassicaceae

Arabidopsis arenicola – native
Arabis alpina – native
Barbarea stricta – introduced
Barbarea vulgaris – introduced
Beringia bursifolia – native
Boechera holboellii – native
Brassica rapa ssp. sylvestris – introduced
Braya humilis ssp. arctica – native
Braya intermedia – native
Braya linearis – native
Braya novae-angliae – native
Braya purpurascens – native
Braya thorild-wulffii – native
Cakile edentula ssp. edentula – native
Capsella bursa-pastoris – introduced
Cardamine bellidifolia – native
Cardamine pratensis ssp. polemonioides – native
Cardaminopsis arenosa – introduced
Cochlearia groenlandica – native
Descurainia sophia – introduced
Draba alpina – native
Draba arctica ssp. ostenfeldii – native, endemic (subspecies)
Draba arctica ssp. arctica – native
Draba arctogena – native
Draba aurea – native
Draba cana – native
Draba cinerea – native
Draba corymbosa – native
Draba crassifolia – native
Draba fladnizensis – native
Draba glabella – native
Draba incana – native
Draba micropetala – native
Draba nivalis – native
Draba norvegica – native
Draba oblongata – native
Draba oxycarpa – native
Draba pauciflora – native
Draba sibirica – native
Draba subcapitata – native
Draba wahlenbergii – native
Erysimum redowskii(syn. E. pallasii) – native
Eutrema edwardsii – native
Lesquerella arctica – native
Raphanus raphanistrum – introduced
Rorippa islandica ssp. islandica – native
Rorippa palustris ssp. palustris – introduced
Rorippa sylvestris – introduced
Sinapis arvensis – introduced
Sisymbrium altissimum – introduced
Subularia aquatica ssp. americana – native
Thlaspi arvense – introduced

Callitrichaceae

Callitriche anceps – native
Callitriche hamulata – native
Callitriche hermaphroditica – native
Callitriche palustris – native

Calochortaceae

Streptopus amplexifolius ssp. americanus – native

Campanulaceae

Campanula gieseckiana – native
Campanula uniflora – native

Caryophyllaceae

Arenaria humifusa – native
Arenaria pseudofrigida – native
Cerastium alpinum ssp. lanatum – native
Cerastium alpinum ssp. alpinum – native
Cerastium arcticum – native
Cerastium arvense – native
Cerastium beeringianum – native
Cerastium cerastoides – native
Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare – introduced
Cerastium fontanum ssp. fontanum – native
Cerastium regelii – native
Honckenya peploides ssp. diffusa – native
Lychnis alpina ssp. americana – native
Minuartia biflora – native
Minuartia groenlandica – native
Minuartia rossii ssp. rossiii – native
Minuartia rubella – native
Minuartia stricta – native
Sagina cespitosa – native
Sagina nivalis – native
Sagina nodosa – native
Sagina procumbens – native
Sagina saginoides – native
Silene acaulis – native
Silene furcata ssp. angustiflora – native
Silene furcata ssp. furcata – native
Silene latifolia ssp. alba – introduced
Silene sorensenis – native
Silene uralensis ssp. uralensis – native
Silene vulgaris – introduced^[3]
Spergula arvensis – introduced
Spergularia canadensis – native
Stellaria borealis – native
Stellaria humifusa – native
Stellaria longifolia – native
Stellaria longipes – native
Stellaria media – introduced

Chenopodiaceae

Atriplex longipes ssp. praecox – native
Atriplex patula – introduced
Chenopodium album – introduced

Cornaceae

Cornus canadensis – native
Cornus suecica – native
Cornus × unalaschkensis – native (hybrid)

Crassulaceae

Rhodiola rosea ssp. rosea – native
Sedum acre – native
Sedum annuum – native
Sedum villosum – native

Cupressaceae

Juniperus communis ssp. nana – native

Cyperaceae

Carex acuta – native
Carex aquatilis ssp. aquatilis – native
Carex aquatilis ssp. stans – native
Carex arctogena – native
Carex atrata – native
Carex atrofusca – native
Carex bicolor – native
Carex bigelowii ssp. bigelowii – native
Carex bigelowii ssp. rigida – native
Carex boecheriana – native
Carex brunnescens ssp. brunnescens – native
Carex buxbaumii – native
Carex capillaris ssp. fuscidula – native
Carex capillaris ssp. chlorostachys – native
Carex capitata – native
Carex chordorrhiza – native
Carex curta – native
Carex deflexa – native
Carex demissa – native
Carex disperma – native
Carex fuliginosa ssp. misandra – native
Carex glacialis – native
Carex glareosa – native
Carex gynocrates – native
Carex holostoma – native
Carex krausei ssp. porsildiana – native
Carex lachenalii – native
Carex lidii – native
Carex lyngbyei ssp. lyngbyei – native
Carex mackenziei – native
Carex macloviana – native
Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua – native
Carex marina ssp. marina – native
Carex marina ssp. pseudolagopina – native
Carex maritima – native
Carex membranacea ^[4]
Carex microglochin – native
Carex miliaris ^[4]
Carex nardina ssp. hepburnii – native
Carex nigra ssp. nigra – native
Carex norvegica – native
Carex panicea – native
Carex parallela ssp. parallela – native
Carex praticola – native
Carex quasivaginata – native
Carex rariflora – native
Carex rhomalea ^[4]
Carex rostrata – native
Carex rufina – native
Carex rupestris – native
Carex salina – native
Carex miliaris – native
Carex scirpoidea – native
Carex stylosa – native
Carex subspathacea ssp. subspathacea – native
Carex supina ssp. spaniocarpa – native
Carex trisperma – native
Carex umbellata – native
Carex ursina – native
Eleocharis acicularis ssp. acicularis – native
Eleocharis palustris – native
Eleocharis quinqueflora ssp. fernaldii – native
Eleocharis uniglumis – native
Eriophorum angustifolium – native
Eriophorum callitrix – native
Eriophorum scheuchzeri – native
Eriophorum × sorenseni – native
Eriophorum triste – native
Eriophorum vaginatum ssp. spissum – native
Kobresia myosuroides – native
Kobresia simpliciuscula ssp. subholarctica – native
Trichophorum cespitosum – native

Diapensiaceae

Diapensia lapponica ssp. lapponica – native

Droseraceae

Drosera rotundifolia – native

Dryopteridaceae

Dryopteris expansa – native
Dryopteris filix-mas – native
Dryopteris fragrans – native
Dryopteris marginalis – native
Polystichum lonchitis – native

Empetraceae

Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum – native

Equisetaceae

Equisetum arvense ssp. arvense – native
Equisetum arvense ssp. boreale – native
Equisetum hyemale – native^[5]
Equisetum scirpoides – native
Equisetum sylvaticum – native
Equisetum variegatum ssp. variegatum – native

Ericaceae

Andromeda polifolia ssp. glaucophylla – native
Andromeda polifolia ssp. polifolia – native
Arctostaphylos alpinus – native
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi – native
Cassiope tetragona – native
Harrimanella hypnoides – native
Ledum groenlandicum – native
Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens – native
Loiseleuria procumbens – native
Orthilia obtusata – native
Phyllodoce caerulea – native
Pyrola grandiflora – native
Pyrola minor – native
Rhododendron lapponicum – native
Vaccinium myrtillus – native
Vaccinium oxycoccos ssp. microphyllus – native
Vaccinium uliginosum ssp. microphyllum – native
Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus – native
×Ledodendron vanhoeffeni – native, endemic (intergeneric hybrid)^[6]

Fabaceae

Astragalus alpinus ssp. arcticus – probably introduced
Lathyrus japonicus – native
Lathyrus pratensis – introduced
Medicago lupulina – introduced
Trifolium hybridum – casual
Trifolium pratense – introduced
Trifolium repens – introduced
Vicia cracca – introduced (Norsemen)
Vicia hirsuta – introduced
Vicia sativa ssp. nigra – introduced
Vicia sepium – introduced

Gentianaceae

Gentiana nivalis – native
Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta – native
Gentianella aurea – native
Gentianella detonsa – native
Gentianella tenella – native
Lomatogonium rotatum – native

Geraniaceae

Erodium cicutarium – introduced
Geranium pusillum – introduced
Geranium sylvaticum – native

Haloragaceae

Myriophyllum alterniflorum – native
Myriophyllum sibiricum – (Haloragaceae) - native

Hippuridaceae

Hippuris vulgaris – native

Iridaceae

Sisyrinchium montanum – native

Isoetaceae

Isoetes echinospora ssp. muricata – native
Isoetes lacustris – native

Juncaceae

Juncus alpinoarticulatus ssp. alpestris – native
Juncus arcticus ssp. arcticus – native
Juncus biglumis – native
Juncus bufonius ssp. bufonius – introduced
Juncus bufonius ssp. ranarius – native
Juncus castaneus ssp. castaneus – native
Juncus filiformis – native
Juncus gerardii ssp. gerardii – native
Juncus squarrosus – native
Juncus subtilis – native
Juncus trifidus – native
Juncus triglumis ssp. albescens – native
Juncus triglumis ssp. triglumis – native
Luzula nivalis – native
Luzula arcuata – native
Luzula confusa – native
Luzula groenlandica – native
Luzula multiflora ssp. frigida – native
Luzula multiflora ssp. multiflora – native
Luzula parviflora ssp. parviflora – native
Luzula spicata – native
Luzula wahlenbergii – native

Juncaginaceae

Triglochin palustris – native

Lamiaceae

Lamium amplexicaule – introduced
Lamium moluccellifolium – introduced
Lamium purpureum – introduced
Thymus praecox ssp. arcticus – native

Lentibulariaceae

Pinguicula vulgaris – native
Utricularia intermedia – native
Utricularia minor – native
Utricularia ochroleuca – native

Linnaeaceae

Linnaea borealis ssp. americana – native

Lycopodiaceae

Diphasiastrum alpinum – native
Diphasiastrum complanatum – native
Diphasiastrum sitchense – native^[7]
Diphasiastrum x zeilleri – native
Huperzia arctica – native
Huperzia selago – native
Lycopodium annotinum ssp. annotinum – native
Lycopodium dubium – native
Lycopodium lagopus – native

Malaceae

Sorbus groenlandica – native

Melanthiaceae

Tofieldia coccinea – native
Tofieldia pusilla – native

Menyanthaceae

Menyanthes trifoliata – native

Myrsinaceae

Anagallis arvensis – introduced
Trientalis europaea – native^[8]

Onagraceae

Chamaenerion latifolium – native
Epilobium anagallidifolium – native
Epilobium angustifolium – native
Epilobium davuricum ssp. arcticum – native
Epilobium hornemannii – native
Epilobium lactiflorum – native
Epilobium latifolium – native
Epilobium palustre – native

Ophioglossaceae

Botrychium boreale – native
Botrychium lanceolatum – native
Botrychium lunaria – native
Botrychium minganense – native
Botrychium multifidum – native
Botrychium simplex – native
Ophioglossum azoricum – native

Orchidaceae

Amerorchis rotundifolia – native
Corallorhiza trifida – native
Neottia cordata – native
Platanthera hyperborea – native
Pseudorchis straminea – native

Orobanchaceae

Bartsia alpina – native
Euphrasia frigida – native
Melampyrum sylvaticum – native
Pedicularis capitata – native
Pedicularis lanata – native
Pedicularis flammea – native
Pedicularis groenlandica – native
Pedicularis hirsuta – native
Pedicularis labradorica – native
Pedicularis langsdorfii – native
Pedicularis lapponica – native
Pedicularis sudetica ssp. albolabiata – native^[7]^[8]
Rhinanthus minor ssp. groenlandicus – native
Rhinanthus minor ssp. minor – native

Papaveraceae

Parnassiaceae

Parnassia kotzebuei – native

Plantaginaceae

Plantago coronopus – casual
Plantago lanceolata – introduced
Plantago major – introduced
Plantago maritima ssp. borealis – native
Veronica alpina ssp. alpina – native
Veronica alpina ssp. pumila – native
Veronica arvensis – casual
Veronica fruticans – native
Veronica officinalis – introduced^[3]
Veronica persica – casual
Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia – introduced
Veronica wormskjoldii – native

Plumbaginaceae

Armeria maritima ssp. maritima – native
Armeria maritima ssp. sibirica – native

Poaceae

Agrostis canina – native^[7]
Agrostis capillaris – introduced
Agrostis gigantea – native
Agrostis mertensii – native
Agrostis scabra – native
Agrostis stolonifera – native
Agrostis vinealis – native
Alopecurus aequalis – native
Alopecurus alpinus ssp. borealis – native
Alopecurus geniculatus – introduced
Alopecurus pratensis – introduced
Anthoxanthum alpinum – native
Arctagrostis latifolia ssp. latifolia – native
Arctophila fulva – native
Avenella flexuosa – native
Bromus hordeaceus – introduced
Bromus tectorum – introduced
Calamagrostis canadensis ssp. langsdorfii – native
Calamagrostis inexpansa – native
Calamagrostis lapponica – native
Calamagrostis neglecta ssp. neglecta – native
Calamagrostis neglecta ssp. groenlandica – native
Calamagrostis purpurascens var. purpurascens – native
Calamagrostis purpurascens var. laricina – native
Catabrosa aquatica – native
Dactylis glomerata – introduced
Danthonia spicata – native
Deschampsia alpina – native
Deschampsia brevifolia – native
Deschampsia cespitosa – introduced
Deschampsia sukatschewii ssp. borealis – native
Dupontia fisheri – native
Elymus alaskanus ssp. hyperarcticus – native
Elymus repens – introduced
Elymus trachycaulus ssp. virescens – native, endemic (subspecies)
Elymus violaceus – native
Festuca baffinensis – native
Festuca brachyphylla – native
Festuca edlundiae – native
Festuca groenlandica – native, endemic^[7]
Festuca hyperborea – native
Festuca pratensis – introduced
Festuca rubra spp. fallax – introduced^[7]
Festuca rubra ssp. arctica – native
Festuca rubra spp. rubra – native
Festuca saximontana – native
Festuca vivipara ssp. hirsuta – native
Festuca vivipara ssp. vivipara – native
Festuca vivipara ssp. glabra – native^[7]
Hierochloë alpina – native
Hierochloë odorata ssp. arctica – native
Leymus arenarius – native
Leymus mollis ssp. mollis – native
Lolium perenne – introduced
Nardus stricta – native
Phippsia algida ssp. algidiformis – native^[8]
Phippsia algida ssp. algida – native
Phleum alpinum – native
Phleum pratense ssp. pratense – native
Pleuropogon sabinei – native
Poa abbreviata – native
Poa alpina – native
Poa annua – introduced
Poa arctica ssp. arctica – native
Poa arctica ssp. caespitans – native
Poa flexuosa – native
Poa glauca – native
Poa hartzii – native
Poa nemoralis – native
Poa palustris – introduced
Poa pratensis – native
Poa pratensis ssp. alpigena – native
Poa pratensis ssp. colpodea – native
Poa pratensis ssp. irrigata – native
Poa trivialis – introduced
Puccinellia andersonii – native
Puccinellia angustata – native
Puccinellia bruggemannii – native^[7]^[8]
Puccinellia capillaris – native^[7]
Puccinellia deschampsioides – native
Puccinellia groenlandica – native, endemic
Puccinellia laurentiana – native
Puccinellia maritima – native
Puccinellia nutkaensis – native
Puccinellia phryganodes – native
Puccinellia porsildii – native
Puccinellia pumila – native^[7]
Puccinellia rosenkrantzii – native, endemic
Puccinellia tenella ssp. langeana – native
Puccinellia vaginata – native
Puccinellia vahliana – native
Trisetum spicatum – native
Vahlodea atropurpurea – native

Polemoniaceae

Polemonium boreale – native

Polygalaceae

Polygala serpyllifolia – probably introduced

Polygonaceae

Bistorta vivipara – native
Fallopia convolvulus – introduced
Koenigia islandica – native
Oxyria digyna – native
Persicaria lapathifolia – introduced
Persicaria maculosa – introduced
Polygonum aviculare ssp. boreale – introduced
Rumex acetosella ssp. acetosella – introduced
Rumex acetosella ssp. tenuifolius – native
Rumex acetosella ssp. arenicola – native
Rumex alpestris ssp. lapponicus – native
Rumex longifolius – introduced
Rumex obtusifolius – introduced

Polypodiaceae

Polypodium sibiricum – native

Portulacaceae

Montia fontana – native

Potamogetonaceae

Potamogeton alpinus ssp. tenuifolius – native
Potamogeton gramineus – native
Potamogeton groenlandicus – native, endemic
Potamogeton natans – native
Potamogeton perfoliatus ssp. perfoliatus – native
Potamogeton praelongus – native
Stuckenia filiformis ssp. alpina – native
Stuckenia filiformis ssp. filiformis – native

Primulaceae

Androsace septentrionalis – native
Primula egaliksensis – native
Primula stricta – native

Ranunculaceae

Anemone richardsonii – native
Batrachium confervoides – native
Coptis trifoliata – native
Ranunculus acris ssp. acris – native
Ranunculus arcticus – native
Ranunculus auricomus – native
Ranunculus cymbalaria – native
Ranunculus glacialis – native
Ranunculus hyperboreus ssp. hyperboreus – native
Ranunculus lapponicus – native
Ranunculus nivalis – native
Ranunculus pygmaeus – native
Ranunculus repens – introduced
Ranunculus reptans – native
Ranunculus sabinei – native
Ranunculus subrigidus ^[4]
Ranunculus sulphureus – native
Thalictrum alpinum – native

Rosaceae

Acomastylis rossii – native
Alchemilla alpina – native
Alchemilla filicaulis – native
Alchemilla glomerulans – native
Alchemilla vestita – native
Alchemilla wichurae – native
Argentina anserina – native
Argentina egedei ssp. egedei – native
Comarum palustre – native
Dryas integrifolia – native
Dryas octopetala ssp. punctata – native
Geum rivale – native
Potentilla chamissonis – native
Potentilla crantzii – native
Potentilla hookeriana – native
Potentilla hyparctica ssp. hyparctica – native
Potentilla insularis – native
Potentilla nivea ssp. nivea – native
Potentilla nivea ssp. subquinata – native
Potentilla norvegica ssp. norvegica – introduced
Potentilla pulchella ssp. pulchella – native
Potentilla ranunculus – native
Potentilla rubella – native, endemic
Potentilla rubricaulis – native
Potentilla stipularis – native
Potentilla vahliana – native
Rubus chamaemorus – native
Rubus idaeus ssp. idaeus – native
Rubus saxatilis – native
Sibbaldia procumbens – native
Sibbaldiopsis tridentata – native

Rubiaceae

Galium album – introduced
Galium aparine – introduced
Galium boreale – native
Galium brandegei – native
Galium triflorum – native
Galium uliginosum – introduced
Galium verum – introduced^[3]

Salicaceae

Salix arctica – native
Salix arctophila – native
Salix glauca ssp. callicarpaea – native
Salix glauca ssp. glauca – native
Salix herbacea – native
Salix reticulata – native
Salix uva-ursi – native

Saxifragaceae

Chrysosplenium tetrandrum – native
Micranthes stellaris, syn. Saxifraga stellaris – native
Saxifraga aizoides – native
Saxifraga cernua – native
Saxifraga cespitosa ssp. cespitosa – native
Saxifraga foliolosa – native
Saxifraga hieracifolia – native
Saxifraga hirculus – native
Saxifraga hyperborea – native
Saxifraga nathorstii – native, endemic
Saxifraga nivalis – native
Saxifraga oppositifolia ssp. oppositifolia – native
Saxifraga paniculata – native
Saxifraga platysepala – native
Saxifraga rivularis – native
Saxifraga rosacea – native
Saxifraga tenuis – native
Saxifraga tricuspidata – native

Scrophulariaceae

Limosella aquatica – native
Linaria vulgaris – introduced
Verbascum thapsus – casual

Selaginellaceae

Selaginella rupestris – native
Selaginella selaginoides – native

Sparganiaceae

Sparganium angustifolium – native
Sparganium hyperboreum – native

Thelypteridaceae

Phegopteris connectilis – native

Urticaceae

Urtica dioica ssp. dioica – introduced
Urtica urens – introduced

Violaceae

Viola adunca – native
Viola arvensis – introduced
Viola canina ssp. montana – native
Viola palustris – native
Viola selkirkii – native

Woodsiaceae

Athyrium distentifolium ssp. americanum – native
Athyrium filix-femina ssp. angustum – native
Cystopteris fragilis – native
Cystopteris montana – native
Gymnocarpium dryopteris – native
Woodsia alpina – native
Woodsia glabella – native
Woodsia ilvensis – native

Zosteraceae

Zostera marina – native

References

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