Antennaria alpina

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Antennaria alpina (alpine pussytoes, alpine catsfoot, or alpine everlasting) is a European and North American species of plant in the family Asteraceae. Antennaria alpina is native to mountainous and subarctic regions of Scandinavia, Greenland, Alaska, and the Canadian Arctic, extending south at high altitudes in mountains in the Rocky Mountains south to Montana and Wyoming.[1][2]

Description

Antennaria alpina is a perennial, herbaceous plant growing 3 to 18 centimeters tall. The plant spreads by means of stolons that reach between 1 and 7 cm in length.[3] It is a cushion plant, a compact, low-growing, mat-forming plant, with a dense taproot that forms annual growth rings.[4]

The basal leaves, those attached to the base of the plant, have one prominent vein and are spatulate to oblanceolate in shape, with a length of 6 to 25 millimeters and a width of 2 to 7 mm. The surface of the leaves are green and nearly hairless to gray in color with many hairs, but the undersides are tomentose, white due to a thick covering of woolly hairs. The leaves attached to the stems are even smaller, and narrow like a blade of grass, just 5 to 20 mm long.[3]

Each stem is topped with two to seven flowering heads.[3][5] They have somewhat black bracts.[5] Both the plants in North America and Scandinavia are mostly gynoecious, having almost all seed producing flowers and rarely producing flowers with pollen.[3][6] It is an apomict, a species that will produce seeds asexually that are genetically identical to the parent.[7] The involucre, the base under a flowering head, is 5–6.5 mm and 4–10 mm for a seed producing flower. They bloom in mid to late summer.[3]

Taxonomy

In 1753 Carl Linnaeus described a species he named Gnaphalium alpinum.[8] This was moved to Antennaria by Joseph Gaertner, a new genus he created in 1791,[9] to give the species its accepted name.[8] It is further classified in the large family Asteraceae. According to Plants of the World Online, Antennaria alpina has Template:Table row counter synonyms.[8]

Table of Synonyms
Name Year Rank Notes
Antennaria alpina var. cana Fernald & WiegandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1911 variety = het.
Antennaria alpina subsp. canescens (Lange) Chmiel.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1998 subspecies = het.
Antennaria alpina var. canescens LangeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1869 variety = het.
Antennaria alpina var. compacta (Malte) S.L.WelshScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1968 variety = het.
Antennaria alpina var. glabrata J.VahlScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1869 variety = het.
Antennaria alpina var. intermedia Rosenv.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1891 variety = het.
Antennaria alpina f. latifolia EkmanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1927 form = het.
Antennaria alpina var. ramosissima LangeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1887 variety = het.
Antennaria alpina var. stolonifera (A.E.Porsild) S.L.WelshScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1968 variety = het.
Antennaria alpina var. typica FernaldScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1924 variety = het., not validly publ.
Antennaria alpina var. ungavensis FernaldScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1916 variety = het.
Antennaria arenicola MalteScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1934 species = het.
Antennaria atriceps Fernald ex RaupScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1934 species = het.
Antennaria bayardii FernaldScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1933 species = het.
Antennaria borealis GreeneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1899 species = het.
Antennaria brunnescens FernaldScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1933 species = het.
Antennaria cana FernaldScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1916 species = het.
Antennaria canescens f. fastigiata BöcherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1963 form = het.
Antennaria canescens var. pseudoporsildii BöcherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1963 variety = het.
Antennaria columnaris FernaldScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1933 species = het.
Antennaria compacta MalteScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1934 species = het.
Antennaria confusa FernaldScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1933 species = het.
Antennaria crymophila A.E.PorsildScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1943 species = het.
Antennaria foggii FernaldScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1933 species = het.
Antennaria friesiana subsp. compacta (Malte) HulténScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1968 subspecies = het.
Antennaria glabrata GreeneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1898 species = het.
Antennaria glabrata f. ramosa A.E.PorsildScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1926 form = het.
Antennaria intermedia (Rosenv.) PorsildScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1914 species = het.
Antennaria labradorica Nutt.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1841 species = het.
Antennaria lapponica SelanderScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1950 species = het.
Antennaria longii FernaldScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1927 species = het.
Antennaria media subsp. compacta (Malte) Chmiel.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1997 subspecies = het.
Antennaria pallida E.E.NelsonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1901 species = het.
Antennaria pedunculata A.E.PorsildScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1950 species = het.
Antennaria porsildii f. roseola EkmanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1927 form = het.
Antennaria stolonifera A.E.PorsildScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1950 species = het.
Antennaria ungavensis MalteScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1934 species = het.
Antennaria vexillifera FernaldScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1924 species = het.
Antennaria wiegandii FernaldScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1927 species = het.
Chamaezelum alpinum LinkScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1829 species = het.
Gnaphalium alpinum L.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1753 species ≡ hom.
Gnaphalium alpinum var. elatius GaudinScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1829 variety = het.
Gnaphalium dioicum var. alpicola Hartm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1820 variety = het.
Gnaphalium monanthon Willd. ex DC.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1838 species = het.
Gnaphalium uniflorum Pall. ex DC.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1838 species = het., not validly publ.
Silene venosa proles maritima (With.) Samp.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1911 proles = het.
Silene venosa subsp. alpina (Lam.) Simonk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1877 subspecies = het.
Silene venosa var. maritima (With.) MenezesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1914 variety = het.
Silene vulgaris subsp. alpina (Lam.) NymanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1878 subspecies = het.
Silene vulgaris subsp. cratericola FrancoScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1971 subspecies = het.
Silene vulgaris subsp. maritima (With.) Á.Löve & D.LöveScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1961 subspecies = het.
Silene vulgaris subsp. thorei (Dufour) Chater & WaltersScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1964 subspecies = het.
Silene willdenowii Sweet ex O.SchwarzScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1949 species = het.
Viscago maritima With.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1796 species = het.
Wahlbergella uniflora (Roth) Fr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1843 species = het.
Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym; = heterotypic synonym

Names

Antennaria alpina is know by the common names alpine pussytoes,[10] alpine catsfoot,[5] or alpine everlasting.[11]

Range and habitat

Alpine pussytoes are limited to alpine and boreal habitats.[7] In Europe it is native to Norway, Sweden, Finland, and northern parts of European Russia.[8] It grows in the mountains of Sweden and Norway in the south and towards the North Sea coast further to the north.[12] In Asia it grows in the botanical area of the Magadan Oblast which also includes the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug at the far eastern tip of Russia.[8]

In North America it is found in Alaska and the three nortnern territories of Canda. Further south it grows in both Alberta and British Columbia in the west and parts of Ontario, Québec, Labrador, and Newfoundland in the east. In the contiguious US it only grows in Montana and Wyoming.[8] The Natural Resources Conservation Service database only records it in six scattered counties in Montana.[10] On Greenland it is a common plant found as far north at 75°23' N in the west and to 74°50' N in the east.[5] It grows at elevations between 100 and 2400 meters.[3]

It grows in dry to moist tundra and alpine tundra.[3]

References

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  1. ↑ Cody, W. J. 1996. Flora of the Yukon Territory i–xvii, 1–669. NRC Research Press, Ottawa.
  2. ↑ Moss, E. H. 1983. Flora of Alberta (ed. 2) i–xii, 1–687. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b c d e f Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  9. ↑ Template:Cite POWO
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

Template:Taxonbar

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