List of Nepenthes species

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Template:Short description

File:N. jamban and N. lingulata.jpg
Sympatric upper pitchers of N. jamban (left) and N. lingulata (right) in Sumatran upper montane forest

This list of Nepenthes species is a comprehensive listing of all known species of the carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes. It includes 179 recognised extant species, 2 incompletely diagnosed taxa, and 3 nothospecies. Three possible extinct species are also covered.

The official IUCN conservation status of each species is taken from the latest edition of the IUCN Red List.[1] Unofficial assessments based on the IUCN criteria are also included, but are presented in italics. Unless otherwise noted, taxonomic determinations and all other information are sourced from Stewart McPherson's two-volume Pitcher Plants of the Old World, published in 2009.[2] Where recent literature provides an altitudinal distribution that falls outside the range given in Pitcher Plants of the Old World, the discrepancy is noted.

All major islands within a species's geographic range are included. Smaller surrounding islands are listed separately under "Minor islands", though these lists are not exhaustive. In the case of archipelagos such as the Philippines, the individual islands to which the species is native are shown in brackets.

Authorities are presented in the form of a standard author citation, using abbreviations specified by the International Plant Names Index.[3] Years given denote the year of the species's formal publication under the current name, thus excluding the earlier basionym date of publication if one exists.

Extant species

Species Authority Year Image Distribution Altitudinal distribution IUCN conservation status
Nepenthes abalata[4] Jebb & Cheek[4] 2013[4] Philippines (Culion, Cuyo, Malalison)[4] 0–20 m[4] Least Concern
Nepenthes abgracilis[5] Jebb & Cheek[5] 2013[5] File:Nepenthes abgracilis botanical illustration.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[5] 670 m[5] Critically Endangered[5]
Nepenthes adnata Tamin & M.Hotta ex Schlauer 1994          File:Nepenthesadnata2.jpg Sumatra 600–1,200 m Endangered
Nepenthes aenigma[6] Nuytemans, W.Suarez & Calaramo[6] 2016[6] Philippines (Luzon)[6] c.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1,200 m[6] Data Deficient[6]
Nepenthes alata Blanco 1837 File:Nepenthes alata ASR 062007 mt ambucao luzon.jpg Philippines (Luzon)[7]Template:Refn 550–? mTemplate:Refn Least Concern
Nepenthes alba Ridl. 1924 File:Nepenthes alba3.jpg Peninsular Malaysia 1,600–2,187 m Least Concern
Nepenthes albomarginata T.Lobb ex Lindl. 1849 File:Nep alb265.jpg Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra

Minor islands: Nias, Penang		 0–1,100 mTemplate:Refn Least Concern
Nepenthes alfredoi V.B.Amoroso, N.E.Lagunday, F.P. Coritico & R.D.Colong[8] 2017[8][9] Philippines (Mindanao)[8] 160–345 m[8] Critically Endangered[8]
Nepenthes alzapan[10] Jebb & Cheek[10] 2013[10] File:Nepenthes alzapan botanical illustration.jpg Philippines (Luzon)[10] 1,800 m[10] Data Deficient
Nepenthes ampullaria Jack 1835 File:Nep amp 295.jpg Borneo, Maluku Islands, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand

Minor islands:[11] Bangka Belitung Islands[12] (Bangka), Bengkalis, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Langkawi, Mendol, Mentawai Islands (Siberut), Meranti Islands (Padang, Rangsang, Tebing Tinggi), Nias, Penang, Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Natuna Islands,[13] Riau Archipelago), Rupat		 0–2,100 m Least Concern
Nepenthes andamana[14] M.Catal.[14] 2010[14] File:N. andamana2 cropped.jpg Thailand[14] 0–50 m[15]
Nepenthes angasanensis Maulder, D.Schub., B.R.Salmon & B.Quinn 1999 Sumatra 2,200–2,800 m Least Concern
Nepenthes appendiculata[16] Chi.C.Lee, Bourke, Rembold, W.Taylor & S.T.Yeo[16] 2011[16] Borneo[16] 1,450–1,700 m[16] Least Concern
Nepenthes argentii Jebb & Cheek 1997 File:Nepenthes argentii ASR 062007 mt guitingguiting sibuyan.jpg Philippines (Sibuyan) 1,400–1,900 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes aristolochioides Jebb & Cheek 1997 File:Nepenthes aristolochioides5.jpg Sumatra 1,800–2,500 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes armin[17] Jebb & Cheek[17] 2014[17] Philippines (Sibuyan)[17] 750 m[17] Least Concern
Nepenthes attenboroughii A.S.Rob., S.McPherson & V.B.Heinrich 2009 File:Attlwr.jpg Philippines (Palawan) 1,450[18]–1,726 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes barcelonae[19] Tandang & Cheek[19] 2015[19] Philippines (Luzon)[19] 1,500–1,700 m[19] Critically Endangered[19]
Nepenthes beccariana Macfarl. 1908 File:Nepenthes beccariana1.jpg Nias, Sumatra?[20] unknown
(0–<800 m)[21]		 Data Deficient[22]
Nepenthes bellii K.Kondo 1969 File:Nepenthes bellii upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao) 0–800 m Least Concern
Nepenthes benstonei C.Clarke 1999 File:Nbenstonei.jpg Peninsular Malaysia 150[23]–1,350 m[24] Data Deficient[20][22]
Nepenthes berbulu H.L.Tan, G.Lim, Mey, Golos, Wistuba, S.McPherson & A.S.Rob. 2023Template:R Peninsular MalaysiaTemplate:R 1,400–2,100 mTemplate:R Endangered
Nepenthes biak[25] Jebb & Cheek[25] 2018[25] File:Nepinsignis8.jpg Schouten Islands (Biak)[25] sea level[25] Critically Endangered[25]
Nepenthes bicalcarata Hook.f. 1873 File:Nepenthesbicalcarata1.jpg Borneo 0–950 m (c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".?)Template:Refn Vulnerable
Nepenthes bokorensis Mey 2009 File:Nepenthes bokorensis upper.jpg Cambodia 800–1,080 m Endangered[26]
Nepenthes bongso Korth. 1839 File:Nepenthes carunculata upper pitcher.jpg Sumatra 1,000–2,700 m Least Concern
Nepenthes boschiana Korth. 1839 File:Nepenthes boschiana1.jpg Borneo 1,200–1,800 mTemplate:Refn Endangered
Nepenthes bracteosa Suran. & Nuanlaong 2022 Thailand 710–760 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes burbidgeae Hook.f. ex Burb. 1882 File:Pig Hill Kinabalu N. burbidgeae.jpg Borneo 1,200–1,800 mTemplate:Refn Endangered
Nepenthes burkei Hort.Veitch ex Mast. 1889 File:Nepenthes burkei ASR 062007 mt halcon mindoro.jpg Philippines (Mindoro, Panay?) 1,100–2,000 m Conservation Dependent[22]
Nepenthes cabanae[27] Lagunday, N. E. & Amoroso, V. B.[27] 2019 [27] Philippines (Mindanao)[27] 1,020–1,050 m[27] Critically Endangered[27]
Nepenthes calcicolaTemplate:RTemplate:R Gary W.Wilson, S.Venter & DamasTemplate:RTemplate:R 2023Template:RTemplate:R Papua New GuineaTemplate:RTemplate:R 250–270 mTemplate:R VulnerableTemplate:R
Nepenthes campanulata Sh.Kurata 1973 File:Nepenthes campanulata.jpg Borneo, Philippines (Palawan?[28]) 100–300 m[28] Vulnerable
Nepenthes candalaga Lagunday & V. B. Amoroso 2022 Philippines (Mindanao)Template:R 1,800 – 2,100 mTemplate:R Critically Endangered
Nepenthes ceciliae[29] Gronem., Coritico, Micheler, Marwinski, Acil & V.B.Amoroso[29] 2011[29] File:Nepenthes ceciliae upper pitchers.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[29] 1,500–1,880 m[29] Critically Endangered[30]
Nepenthes chang[31] M.Catal.[31] 2010[31] File:Nepenthes chang rosette cropped.jpg Thailand[31] 300–600 m[31]
Nepenthes chaniana C.Clarke, Chi.C.Lee & S.McPherson 2006 File:Nepenthes chaniana 1.jpg Borneo 1,100–1,800 m Endangered
Nepenthes cid[5] Jebb & Cheek[5] 2013[5] File:Nepenthes cid botanical illustration.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[5] 770 m[5] Critically Endangered[5]
Nepenthes clipeata Danser 1928 File:Nepenthes Clipeata.jpg Borneo 600–800 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes copelandii Merr. ex Macfarl. 1908 File:Nepenthes copelandii2.jpg Philippines (Mindanao) 1,100–2,400 m[18] Least Concern
Nepenthes cornuta[32] Marwinski, Coritico, Wistuba, Micheler, Gronem., Gieray & V.B.Amoroso[32] 2014[32] File:Nepenthes cornuta lower pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[32] ~1,000 m[32] Vulnerable[32]
Nepenthes danseri Jebb & Cheek 1997 Raja Ampat Islands (Waigeo)[33] 0–320 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes deaniana Macfarl. 1908 File:Nepenthes deaniana ASR 062007 pulgar palawan.jpg Philippines (Palawan) 1,180–1,296 m Near Threatened
Nepenthes densiflora Danser 1940 File:Nepenthes densiflora Mount Kemiri cropped.jpg Sumatra 1,700–3,200 m Least Concern
Nepenthes diabolica[34] A.Bianchi, Chi.C.Lee, Golos, Mey, M.Mansur & A.S.Rob.[34] 2020[34] File:Nepenthes hamata hairy pitcher.jpg Sulawesi[34] 2,200–2,300 m[34] Critically Endangered[34]
Nepenthes diatas Jebb & Cheek 1997 File:Nepenthes diatas.jpg Sumatra 2,400–2,900 m Least Concern
Nepenthes distillatoria L. 1753 File:Nepenthes distillatoria 5.jpg Sri Lanka 0–700 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes domeiTemplate:R M.N.Faizal, A.Amin, & A.LatiffTemplate:R 2020Template:R Peninsular MalaysiaTemplate:R 850–1,000 mTemplate:R VulnerableTemplate:R
Nepenthes dubia Danser 1928 File:Nepenthesdubia1.jpg Sumatra 1,600–2,700 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes edwardsiana H.Low ex Hook.f. 1859 File:Nepenthes edwardsiana entire ASR 052007 tambu.jpg Borneo 1,600–2,700 mTemplate:Refn Vulnerable
Nepenthes ephippiata Danser 1928 File:Nepenthes ephippiata.jpg Borneo 1,300–2,000 mTemplate:Refn Vulnerable
Nepenthes epiphytica[35] A.S.Rob., Nerz & Wistuba[35] 2011[35] Borneo[35] ~1,000 m[35]
Nepenthes erucoidesTemplate:R A.S. Rob. & S.G. ZamudioTemplate:R 2019Template:R File:Nepenthes erucoides Alastair Robinson.jpg Philippines (Dinagat Islands)Template:R 800–929 mTemplate:R Critically endangeredTemplate:R
Nepenthes eustachya Miq. 1858 File:Nepeustachya5.jpg Sumatra 0–1,600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes extincta[36] Jebb & Cheek[36] 2013[36] File:Nepenthes extincta botanical illustration.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[36] c.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 400 m[36] Critically Endangered[36]
Nepenthes eymae Sh.Kurata 1984 File:Nepenthes eymae upper pitcher.jpg Sulawesi 1,000–2,000 m Least Concern
Nepenthes faizaliana J.H.Adam & Wilcock 1991 File:Pinnacles N. faizaliana 10.jpg Borneo 400–1,600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes flava Wistuba, Nerz & A.Fleischm. 2007 File:Nepenthes flava13.jpg Sumatra 1,800–2,200 m
Nepenthes fractiflexa[37] Golos, A.S.Rob. & Barer[37] 2020[37] Borneo[37] 1,400–2,150 m[37] Near Threatened[37]
Nepenthes fusca Danser 1928 File:N.fusca up3.jpg Borneo 300[38]–2,500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes gantungensis[39] S.McPherson, Cervancia, Chi.C.Lee, Jaunzems, Mey & A.S.Rob.[39] 2010[39] File:Nepenthes gantungensis1.jpg Philippines (Palawan)[39] 1,600–1,784 m[39] Vulnerable
Nepenthes glabrata J.R.Turnbull & A.T.Middleton 1984 File:Nepglabrata5.jpg Sulawesi 1,600–2,100 m Least Concern
Nepenthes glandulifera Chi.C.Lee 2004 Borneo 1,100–1,700 m
Nepenthes graciliflora[7] Elmer[7] 1912[7] File:Nepenthes alata ASR 062007 mt halcon mindoro.jpg Philippines (Bohol, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Panay, Samar, Sibuyan)[7] 300–1,280 m[7] Least Concern
Nepenthes gracilis Korth. 1839 File:Pitcher plant2.JPG Borneo, Cambodia,[40] Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand

Minor islands:[11] Bangka Belitung Islands[12] (Bangka, Belitung[41]), Batu Islands, Bengkalis, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Labuan,[42] Langkawi, Mendol, Mentawai Islands (Siberut), Meranti Islands (Padang, Rangsang, Tebing Tinggi), Musala, Nias, Penang, Phuket, Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Natuna Islands,[13] Riau Archipelago), Rupat		 0–1,100 mTemplate:Refn Least Concern
Nepenthes gracillima Ridl. 1908 File:Nepenthes gracillima1.jpg Peninsular Malaysia 1,400–2,000 m[23] Least Concern
Nepenthes gymnamphora Reinw. ex Nees 1824 File:Nepenthes pectinata11.jpg Java, Sumatra 600–2,800 m Least Concern
Nepenthes halmahera[33] Cheek[33] 2015[33] Maluku Islands (Halmahera)[33] 10–760 m[33] Least Concern
Nepenthes hamata J.R.Turnbull & A.T.Middleton 1984 File:Nepenthes hamata upper pitcher.jpg Sulawesi 1,400–2,500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes hamiguitanensis[43] Gronem., Wistuba, V.B.Heinrich, S.McPherson, Mey & V.B.Amoroso[43] 2010[43] File:Nepenthes hamiguitanensis.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[43] 1,200–1,600 m[43] Vulnerable[43]
Nepenthes harauensisTemplate:R Hernawati, R.Satria & Chi.C.Lee Template:R 2022 Template:R SumatraTemplate:R 1,100–1,400 m Template:R Unassessed(?)Template:R
Nepenthes hemsleyana[44] Macfarl.[44] 1908[44] File:Nepenthes rafflesiana var. elongata upper pitcher.jpg Borneo[44] 0–200 m[45] Conservation Dependent[46]
Nepenthes higaononTemplate:RTemplate:RTemplate:R Lagunday & AmorosoTemplate:RTemplate:RTemplate:R 2025Template:RTemplate:RTemplate:R Philippines (Mindanao)Template:RTemplate:RTemplate:R Critically EndangeredTemplate:RTemplate:RTemplate:R
Nepenthes hirsuta Hook.f. 1873 File:Nep hir274.jpg Borneo 200–1,100 mTemplate:Refn Least Concern
Nepenthes hirtella Nuanlaong & Suran. 2022 Thailand 348 - 355 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes hispida Beck 1895 File:Lambir Hills N. hispida 3.jpg Borneo 100–800 m Conservation Dependent
Nepenthes holdenii[47] Mey[47] 2010[47] File:Nepenthes holdenii lower pitcher.jpg Cambodia[47] 600–800 m[47] Near Threatened[47]
Nepenthes hurrelliana Cheek & A.L.Lamb 2003 File:Murud N. hurreliana.jpg Borneo 1,300[38]–2,400 m Least Concern
Nepenthes inermis Danser 1928 File:Nepenthes inermis5.jpg Sumatra 1,500–2,600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes insignis Danser 1928 File:N. insignis3.jpg New Guinea[25] 0–850 m Least Concern
Nepenthes izumiae Troy Davis, C.Clarke & Tamin 2003 File:Nepenthes izumiae4.jpg Sumatra 1,700–1,900 m Least Concern
Nepenthes jacquelineae C.Clarke, Troy Davis & Tamin 2001 File:Nepjacq2.jpg Sumatra 1,700–2,200 m Data Deficient[20][22] / Conservation Dependent[48]
Nepenthes jamban Chi.C.Lee, Hernawati & Akhriadi 2006 File:Nepenthesjamban3.jpg Sumatra 1,800–2,100 m
Nepenthes junghuhnii sensu Macfarl. in sched. nom.nud. 1917 Sumatra 1,220 m Data Deficient[22]
Nepenthes justinae[6] Gronem., Wistuba, Mey & V.B.Amoroso[6] 2016[6] File:Nepenthes Mount Hamiguitan Range7.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[6] 1,000–1,620 m[6] Vulnerable[6]
Nepenthes kampaliliTemplate:R Lagunday & V.B. AmorosoTemplate:R 2024Template:R Philippines (Mindanao)Template:R 2,200–2,320 mTemplate:R Critically EndangeredTemplate:R
Nepenthes kampotiana Lecomte 1909 File:Nepenthes kampotiana1.jpg Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam[49] 0–600 m[23] Least Concern
Nepenthes kerrii[50] M.Catal. & Kruetr.[50] 2010[50] File:Nepenthes kerrii.jpg Thailand

Minor islands: Langkawi?[51]		 400–500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes khasiana Hook.f. 1873 File:Nepenthes khasiana.jpg India 500–1,500 m Endangered
Nepenthes kitanglad[36] Jebb & Cheek[36] 2013[36] File:Nepenthes kitanglad upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[36] 1,800–2,100 m[36] Critically Endangered[36]
Nepenthes klossii Ridl. 1916 File:Nepenthes klossii upper pitcher.jpg New Guinea 930[52]–2,000 m Endangered
Nepenthes kongkandana M.Catal. & Kruetr.[53] 2015[53] File:N. kongkandana2.jpg Thailand 0–50 m
Nepenthes krabiensis[54] Nuanlaong, Onsanit, Chusangrach & Suraninpong[54] 2016[54] Thailand[54] 600–700 m[54] Critically Endangered[54]
Nepenthes lamii Jebb & Cheek 1997 File:Nlamiiupper2800.jpg New Guinea 3,200–3,520 m[55] Least Concern
Nepenthes latiffianaTemplate:R M.N.Faizal, A.Amin & N.DomeTemplate:R 2020Template:R Peninsular MalaysiaTemplate:R 1,000-1,100 mTemplate:R VulnerableTemplate:R
Nepenthes lavicola Wistuba & Rischer 1996 Sumatra 2,000–2,600 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes leonardoi[56] S.McPherson, Bourke, Cervancia, Jaunzems & A.S.Rob.[56] 2011[56] File:Nepenthes leonardoi.jpg Philippines (Palawan)[56] 1,300–1,490 m[56] Least Concern
Nepenthes leyte[36] Jebb & Cheek[36] 2013[36] File:Nepenthes leyte botanical illustration.jpg Philippines (Leyte)[36] 900 m[36] Critically Endangered[36]
Nepenthes limianaTemplate:R Wistuba, Mey, Golos, S. McPherson & A.S. Rob.Template:R 2023Template:R MalaysiaTemplate:R 700-2,171 m Template:R Data DeficientTemplate:R
Nepenthes lingulata Chi.C.Lee, Hernawati & Akhriadi 2006 File:Nepentheslingulata4.jpg Sumatra 1,700–2,100 m
Nepenthes longifolia Nerz & Wistuba 1994 File:Nepenthes longifolia.jpg Sumatra 300–1,100 m Least Concern
Nepenthes longiptera Victoriano 2021 File:Nepenthes longiptera.jpg Sumatra[57] 750 - 1,600 m Endangered[57]
Nepenthes lowii Hook.f. 1859 File:Murud N. lowii 30.jpg Borneo 1,650–2,600 mTemplate:Refn Vulnerable
Nepenthes maagnawensisTemplate:R Lagunday & AmorosoTemplate:R 2025Template:R Philippines (Mindanao)Template:RTemplate:R 2,300–2,700 mTemplate:RTemplate:R EndangeredTemplate:RTemplate:R
Nepenthes macfarlanei Hemsl. 1905 File:N. macfarlanei1.jpg Peninsular Malaysia 900–2,150 m Least Concern
Nepenthes macrophylla (Marabini) Jebb & Cheek 1997 File:N.macrophylla.jpg Borneo 2,200–2,642 mTemplate:Refn Critically Endangered
Nepenthes macrovulgaris J.R.Turnbull & A.T.Middleton 1988 File:Nepenthes macrovulgaris upper2.jpg Borneo 300–1,200 mTemplate:Refn Least Concern
Nepenthes madagascariensis Poir. 1797 File:Nepenthes madagascariensis.jpg Madagascar 0–500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes malayensis[58] A.Amin, M.N.Faizal & Dome 2020Template:R File:N.m upper pitcher.jpg Peninsular Malaysia (Terengganu) 800-1,000 mTemplate:R Critically EndangeredTemplate:R
Nepenthes malimumuensis[59] Lagunday, Acma, Cabana, Sabas & V.B. Amoroso 2017 Philippines (Mindanao) 1,000–1,020 m Critically Endangered[59]
Nepenthes manobo[59] Lagunday, Acma, Cabana, Sabas & V.B. Amoroso 2017 Philippines (Mindanao) 1,000–1,020 m Critically Endangered[59]
Nepenthes mantalingajanensis Nerz & Wistuba 2007 File:Nepenthes mantalingajanensis ASR 072007 mantalingahan palawan.jpg Philippines (Palawan) 1,700–2,085 m Least Concern
Nepenthes mapuluensis J.H.Adam & Wilcock 1990 File:Nepenthes mapuluensis lower pitcher.jpg Borneo 7,00–8,00 m Endangered
Nepenthes maryae[60] Jebb & Cheek[60] 2016[60] Sulawesi[60] 2,100 m[60] Vulnerable[60]
Nepenthes masoalensis Schmid-Hollinger 1977 Madagascar 0–400 m Endangered
Nepenthes maxima Reinw. ex Nees 1824 File:Nepenthes maxima Sulawesi1.jpg D'Entrecasteaux Islands,[61] Maluku Islands, New Guinea, Sulawesi

Minor islands: Wowoni?[62]		 40[63]–2,600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes maximoidesTemplate:R King & CheekTemplate:R 2020Template:R Philippines (Luzon, possibly Mt. Banahaw)Template:R Critically Endangered(possibly Extinct)Template:R
Nepenthes merrilliana Macfarl. 1911 File:Nepenthes merrilliana lower pitcher.jpg Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao, Samar[64]) 0–1,100 m[18] Vulnerable
Nepenthes micramphora V.B.Heinrich, S.McPherson, Gronem. & V.B.Amoroso 2009 File:Nepenthes micramphora.jpg Philippines (Mindanao) 1,100–1,635 m Critically Endangered[30]
Nepenthes mikei B.R.Salmon & Maulder 1995 File:N. mikei3.jpeg Sumatra 1,100–2,800 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes mindanaoensis Sh.Kurata 2001 File:Nepenthes mindanaoensis ASR 072007 legaspi mindanao.jpg Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao) 0–1,400 m Least Concern
Nepenthes minima[65] Jebb & Cheek[65] 2016[65] Sulawesi[65] 1,000–1,700 m[65] Vulnerable[65]
Nepenthes mira Jebb & Cheek 1998 File:Nepenthes mira2.jpg Philippines (Palawan) 1,550–1,605 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce 1869[66] File:Apes abroad - Jug Plant (by-sa).jpg Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Islands (Palau, Yap), China (Guangdong Province, Hainan,[67] Hong Kong, Macau), D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Java, Laos, Louisiade Archipelago, Maluku Islands, Myanmar, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao), Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam

Minor islands:[11] Babi, Bangka Belitung Islands[12] (Bangka), Banyak Islands, Batu Islands, Bengkalis, Enggano, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Langkawi, Mendol, Mentawai Islands (North Pagai, Siberut, Sipura, South Pagai), Meranti Islands (Padang, Rangsang, Tebing Tinggi), Nias, Penang, Phuket, Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Riau Archipelago), Rupat, Tawi-Tawi,[36] Wowoni?[62]		 0–1,500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes mollis Danser 1928 Borneo ~1,800 m Data Deficient
Nepenthes monticola[55] A.S.Rob., Wistuba, Nerz, M.Mansur & S.McPherson[55] 2011[55] File:Nepentheslamiiupperpitcher2800.jpg New Guinea[55] 1,400–2,620 m[55] Least Concern
Nepenthes muluensis M.Hotta 1966 File:Murud N. muluensis 10.jpg Borneo 1,700–2,400 m Least Concern
Nepenthes murudensis Culham ex Jebb & Cheek 1997 File:Murud N. murudensis 14.jpg Borneo 2,000–2,423 m Least Concern
Nepenthes naga Akhriadi, Hernawati, Primaldhi & M.Hambali 2009 File:Nepsumatra5.jpg Sumatra 1,500–2,000 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes nebularum[68] G.Mansell & W.Suarez[68] 2016[68] Philippines (Mindanao)[68] ≤1,800 m[68] Data Deficient[68]
Nepenthes negros[7] Jebb & Cheek[7] 2013[7] Philippines (Biliran, Negros)[7] Critically Endangered[7]
Nepenthes neoguineensis Macfarl. 1911 File:N. neoguineensis6.jpg D'Entrecasteaux Islands, New Guinea, Raja Ampat Islands (Misool?[52]) 0–1,400 m Least Concern
Nepenthes nigra[69] Nerz, Wistuba, Chi.C.Lee, Bourke, U.Zimm. & S.McPherson[69] 2011[69] File:Nepenthes from Sulawesi4.jpg Sulawesi[69] 1,500–2,700 m[69] Least Concern
Nepenthes northiana Hook.f. 1881 File:N.northaiana.jpg Borneo 0–500 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes orbiculataTemplate:R M.Catal. & Kruetr.Template:R 2018Template:R ThailandTemplate:R sea levelTemplate:R
Nepenthes ovata Nerz & Wistuba 1994 File:Nepenthes ovata2.jpg Sumatra 1,700–2,100 m Least Concern
Nepenthes palawanensis[70] S.McPherson, Cervancia, Chi.C.Lee, Jaunzems, Mey & A.S.Rob.[70] 2010[70] File:Nepenthes palawanensis1.jpg Philippines (Palawan)[70] 1,100–1,236 m[70] Endangered
Nepenthes paniculata Danser 1928 File:Nepenthes paniculata lower pitcher.jpg New Guinea ~1,460 m Endangered
Nepenthes pantaronensis[32] Gieray, Gronem., Wistuba, Marwinski, Micheler, Coritico & V.B.Amoroso[32] 2014[32] File:Nepenthes pantaronensis upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[32] "intermediate altitudes"[32] Least Concern
Nepenthes papuana Danser 1928 File:Nepenthes papuana lower pitcher.jpg New Guinea 0–1,300 m Least Concern
Nepenthes parvula[71] Gary W.Wilson & S.Venter[71] 2016 Australia[71] Least Concern
Nepenthes peltata Sh.Kurata 2008 File:Nepenthes peltata2.jpg Philippines (Mindanao) 865–1,635 m Critically Endangered[30]
Nepenthes pervillei Blume 1852 File:Nepenthes pervillei1.jpg Seychelles 350–750 m Least Concern
Nepenthes petiolata Danser 1928 File:Nepenthes petiolata upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao) 1,450–1,900 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes philippinensis Macfarl. 1908 File:Nepenthes philippinensis ASR 072007 bacungan palawan.jpg Philippines (Busuanga, Coron, Culion, Linapacan, Palawan)[18][72] 0–600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes pilosa Danser 1928 File:Nepenthes pilosa2.jpg Borneo ~1,600 m Data Deficient
Nepenthes pitopangii Chi.C.Lee, S.McPherson, Bourke & M.Mansur[73] 2009[73] File:SulawesiNepenthes7.jpg Sulawesi 1,400–1,800 m[51] Vulnerable
Nepenthes platychila Chi.C.Lee 2002 Borneo 900–1,400 m
Nepenthes pongoides Damit, Yusof, Jumian, & A.S.Rob.Template:R 2024Template:R BorneoTemplate:R >900 mTemplate:R Critically endangeredTemplate:R
Nepenthes pulchra[74] Gronem., S.McPherson, Coritico, Micheler, Marwinski & V.B.Amoroso[74] 2011[74] File:Nepenthes pulchra aerial pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[74] 1,300–1,800 m[74] Critically Endangered[30]
Nepenthes putaiguneung Metusala, Farishy, & JebbTemplate:R 2020Template:R Indonesia (Sumatra)Template:R
Nepenthes rafflesiana Jack 1835 File:Nepenthes rafflesiana ant.jpg Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra

Minor islands:[11] Bangka Belitung Islands[12] (Bangka), Labuan,[42] Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Natuna Islands,[13] Riau Archipelago)		 0–1,200 mTemplate:Refn Least Concern
Nepenthes rajah Hook.f. 1859 File:Nepenthes rajah.png Borneo 1,500–2,650 m Endangered
Nepenthes ramispina Ridl. 1909 File:N.ramispina2.jpg Peninsular Malaysia 900–2,000 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes ramos[75] Jebb & Cheek[75] 2013[75] File:Nepenthes ramos upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[75]

Minor islands: Camiguin, other neighbouring islands[6]		 at least 670–1,400 mTemplate:Refn Critically Endangered[75] / Near Threatened[6]
Nepenthes reinwardtiana Miq. 1852 File:Nepreinwardtiana.jpg Borneo, Sumatra

Minor islands:[11] Bangka Belitung Islands[12] (Bangka), Mentawai Islands (Siberut), Nias, Riau Islands (Natuna Islands[13])		 0–2,200 m Least Concern
Nepenthes rhombicaulis Sh.Kurata 1973 File:Nepenthes rhombicaulis1.jpg Sumatra 1,600–2,000 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes rigidifolia Akhriadi, Hernawati & Tamin 2004 File:Nepenthes rigidifolia.jpg Sumatra 1,000–1,600 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes robcantleyi Cheek[76] 2011[76] File:Nepenthes truncata 2011 Chelsea Flower Show-2.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[76] ~1,800 m[76] Critically Endangered[76]
Nepenthes rosea[77] M.Catal. & Kruetr.[77] 2014[77] File:Nepenthes rosea - lower pitcher.jpg Thailand[77] 450–520 m[77]
Nepenthes rowaniae F.M.Bailey 1897 File:Nepenthes rowanae2.jpg Australia 0–80 m Least Concern
Nepenthes samar[78] Jebb & Cheek[78] 2013[78] Philippines (Samar)[78] "low elevation"[78] Critically Endangered[78]
Nepenthes sanguinea Lindl. 1849 File:N. sanguinea1.jpg Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand 300–1,800 m Least Concern
Nepenthes saranganiensis Sh.Kurata 2003 Philippines (Mindanao) 1,800–2,100 m Endangered[30]
Nepenthes sericeaTemplate:R Golos, Wistuba, G.Lim, Mey, S.McPherson & A.S.Rob.Template:R 2023Template:R Peninsular MalaysiaTemplate:R 1,300–2,183 mTemplate:R Least ConcernTemplate:R
Nepenthes sibuyanensis Nerz 1998 File:Nepenthes sibuyanensis ASR 062007 guiting2 sibuyan.jpg Philippines (Sibuyan) 1,250–1,500 mTemplate:Refn Vulnerable
Nepenthes singalana Becc. 1886 File:Nepenthes singalana2.jpg Sumatra 2,000–2,900 m Least Concern
Nepenthes smilesii Hemsl. 1895 File:N. smilesii pitchers.jpg Cambodia,[79] Laos, Thailand, Vietnam[80] 0[79]–1,500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes spathulata Danser 1935 File:Nepspathulata2.jpg Sumatra 1,100–2,900 m Least Concern
Nepenthes spectabilis Danser 1928 File:Nepenthes spectabilis 2.JPG Sumatra 1,400–2,200 m Vulnerable
Nepenthes stenophylla Mast. 1890 File:N.fallax.jpg Borneo 800–2,600 mTemplate:Refn Least Concern
Nepenthes sumagaya[81] Cheek[81] 2014[81] File:Nepenthes amabilis upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[32] 1,600–2,247 m[32] Endangered[32]
Nepenthes sumatrana (Miq.) Beck 1895 File:Nsumatrana11.jpg Sumatra 0–800 m Critically Endangered
Nepenthes suratensis[82] M.Catal.[82] 2010[82] File:N. suratensis2.jpg Thailand[82] 0–200 m[51] Critically Endangered
Nepenthes surigaoensis Elmer 1915 File:Nepenthes surigaoensis upper pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao) 800–1,200 mTemplate:Refn Endangered[30]
Nepenthes talaandig[32] Gronem., Coritico, Wistuba, Micheler, Marwinski, Gieray & V.B.Amoroso[32] 2014[32] File:Nepenthes talaandig lower pitcher.jpg Philippines (Mindanao)[32] ~1,000 m[32] Vulnerable[32]
Nepenthes talangensis Nerz & Wistuba 1994 File:Nepenthes talangensis1.jpg Sumatra 1,800–2,500 m Endangered
Nepenthes tboli[17] Jebb & Cheek[17] 2014[17] Philippines (Mindanao)[17] 1,463 m[17] Critically Endangered[17]
Nepenthes tenax C.Clarke & R.Kruger 2006 File:Nepenthes tenax1.jpg Australia 0–80 m Least Concern
Nepenthes tentaculata Hook.f. 1873 File:Nep tent311.jpg Borneo, Sulawesi 400–2,550 m Least Concern
Nepenthes tenuis Nerz & Wistuba 1994 File:Nepenthes tenuis5.jpg Sumatra 1,000–1,200 m Endangered
Nepenthes thai[26] Cheek[26] 2009[26] File:N. thai.jpeg Thailand[26] 500–600 m[26] Endangered[26]
Nepenthes thorelii Lecomte 1909 File:N.Thorelii P6230327.JPG Vietnam 10–20 m[83] Data Deficient
Nepenthes tobaica Danser 1928 File:Nepenthes tobaica lower pitcher.jpg Sumatra 380–1,800 mTemplate:Refn Least Concern
Nepenthes tomoriana Danser 1928 File:Neptomoriana1.jpg Sulawesi 0–500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes treubiana Warb. 1891 File:Nepenthes treubiana1.jpg New Guinea, Raja Ampat Islands (Misool?) 0–80 mTemplate:Refn Least Concern
Nepenthes truncata Macfarl. 1911 File:Nepenthes truncata 2.jpg Philippines (Dinagat, Leyte, Mindanao)[18] 0–1,500 m Endangered
Nepenthes ultra[84] Jebb & Cheek[84] 2013[84] Philippines (Luzon)[84] 1.5–40(–400?) m[84]Template:Refn Endangered[84]
Nepenthes ulukalianaTemplate:R A.S.Rob., Wistuba, Mey, Golos, G.Lim & S.McPhersonTemplate:R 2023Template:R Peninsular MalaysiaTemplate:R 1,200–1,772 mTemplate:R Near Threatened Template:R
Nepenthes undulatifolia[85] Nerz, Wistuba, U.Zimm., Chi.C.Lee, Pirade & Pitopang[85] 2011[85] Sulawesi[85] ~1,800 m[85] Data Deficient[85]
Nepenthes veitchii Hook.f. 1859 File:Veitchii1 cropped.jpg Borneo 0–1,600 m Least Concern
Nepenthes ventricosa Blanco 1837 File:Nepenthes ventricosa ASR 062007 sumigar luzon.jpg Philippines (Luzon, Panay, Sibuyan)[18] 1,000–2,000 m Least Concern
Nepenthes vieillardii Hook.f. 1873 File:Nepenthes vieillardii pitcher cropped.jpg New Caledonia 0–850 m Least Concern
Nepenthes villosa Hook.f. 1852 File:Nepenthes villosa.jpg Borneo 1,600–3,240 mTemplate:Refn Least Concern
Nepenthes viridis[86] Micheler, Gronem., Wistuba, Marwinski, W.Suarez & V.B.Amoroso[86] 2013[86] File:Nepenthes viridis intermediate pitcher.jpg Philippines (Dinagat, Samar)[86]

Minor islands: numerous unspecified islets off Dinagat[86]		 Endangered[30]
Nepenthes vogelii Schuit. & de Vogel 2002 File:Kelabit Highlands N. vogelii 28.jpg Borneo 1,000–1,500 m Least Concern
Nepenthes weda[33] Cheek[33] 2015[33] Maluku Islands (Halmahera)[33] 415–1,014 m[33] Critically Endangered[33]
Nepenthes zygon[17] Jebb & Cheek[17] 2014[17] Philippines (Mindanao)[17] 1,500–1,875 m[17] Critically Endangered[17]

Incompletely diagnosed taxa

The following undescribed taxa are taken from Pitcher Plants of the Old World and its supplementary volume, New Nepenthes, published in 2011.[51]

Taxon Image Distribution Altitudinal distribution
Nepenthes sp. Anipahan[87] Philippines (Palawan)[87] 1,200–1,400 m[87]
Nepenthes sp. Misool File:RajaAmpatNep2.jpg Raja Ampat Islands (Misool) 0–30 m

Nothospecies

Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek recognised the following three nothospecies in their monographs on the genus ("A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)" (1997) and "Nepenthaceae" (2001)). In the recent literature, these taxa have generally been treated as natural hybrids rather than as species.[2][20][88][89] Of the three, N. × kinabaluensis has the strongest claim to species status, as it grows in two large, self-sustaining populations independent of its putative parent species.[88][90] These populations are reportedly true breeding.[88] Jumaat Haji Adam and C. C. Wilcock advocated the recognition of N. × kinabaluensis as a species in a 1998 article.[91]

Nothospecies Parent species Authority Year Image Distribution Altitudinal distribution IUCN conservation status
Nepenthes × hookeriana N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana Hort.Veitch ex Mast. 1881 File:Nepenthes hookeriana upper.jpg Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra[38] 0–450 m[92] Least Concern[22]
Nepenthes × kinabaluensis N. rajah × N. villosa Sh.Kurata ex Sh.Kurata 1984 File:Kinabalu N. × kinabaluensis 6.JPG Borneo[38] 2,420–3,030 m[38] Endangered[22]
Nepenthes × trichocarpa N. ampullaria × N. gracilis Miq. 1858 File:Ntrichocarpa1.jpg Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra,[38] Thailand[80] 0–800 m[88] Least Concern[22]

Extinct species

Fossil pollen of various provenance, much of it originally described under the form taxon Droseridites, has been tentatively assigned to Nepenthes by several authors.[93][94][95] The following three species were transferred to the genus Nepenthes by Wilfried Krutzsch in 1985.[93]

Species Authority Year Location Age
Nepenthes echinatus (Hunger) Krutzsch 1985 Europe Palaeocene
Nepenthes echinosporus (R.Potonié) Krutzsch 1985 Europe Palaeocene
Nepenthes major (Krutzsch) Krutzsch 1985 Europe Palaeocene

Some authors consider Droseridites major and D. parvus as synonyms of Nepenthidites laitryngewensis.[96][97]

Pollen from the Kerguelen Islands originally described as D. spinosus has also been interpreted as belonging to Nepenthes.[98]

See also

Notes

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References

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  1. ↑ IUCN 2013. Nepenthes. In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.1. IUCN.
  2. ↑ a b McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  3. ↑ Author Query. International Plant Names Index.
  4. ↑ a b c d e Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Identification and typification of Nepenthes blancoi, with N. abalata sp. nov. from the western Visayas, Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany 31(2): 151–156. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. The Nepenthes micramphora (Nepenthaceae) group, with two new species from Mindanao, Philippines. Phytotaxa 151(1): 25–34. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Gronemeyer, T., W. Suarez, H. Nuytemans, M. Calaramo, A. Wistuba, F.S. Mey & V.B. Amoroso 2016. Two new Nepenthes species from the Philippines and an emended description of Nepenthes ramos. Plants 5(2): 23. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Typification and redelimitation of Nepenthes alata with notes on the N. alata group, and N. negros sp. nov. from the Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany 31(5): 616–622. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  8. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b c d e Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Nepenthes alzapan (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Luzon, Philippines. Phytotaxa 100(1): 57–60. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  11. ↑ a b c d e Clarke, C.M. 2001. Appendix C: Distribution Maps. In: Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 299–307.
  12. ↑ a b c d e Rizqiani, S., N.S. Ariyanti & Sulistijorini 2018. Anatomical characters used for defining five species of Nepenthes from Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Life Science 8(3): 311–322. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  13. ↑ a b c d Template:In lang Mansur, M. 2012. Keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan pemakan serangga dan laju fotosintesisnya di Pulau Natuna. [Diversity on insectivorous plants and its photosynthetic rate in Natuna Island.] Berita Biologi 11(1): 33–42. Abstract Template:Webarchive
  14. ↑ a b c d Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes andamana M. Catal. sp. nov. In: Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague. p. 34.
  15. ↑ McPherson, S.R. 2010. Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  16. ↑ a b c d e Lee, C.C., G. Bourke, W. Taylor, S.T. Yeo & K. Rembold 2011. Nepenthes appendiculata, a new pitcher plant from Sarawak. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 24–35.
  17. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2014. Expansion of the Nepenthes alata group (Nepenthaceae), Philippines, and descriptions of three new species. Blumea 59: 144–154. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  18. ↑ a b c d e f McPherson, S.R. & V.B. Amoroso 2011. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of the Philippines. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  19. ↑ a b c d e f Cheek, M., D.N. Tandang & P.B. Pelser 2015. Nepenthes barcelonae (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Luzon, Philippines. Phytotaxa 222(2): 145–150. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  20. ↑ a b c d Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  21. ↑ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sumatra and Java. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  22. ↑ a b c d e f g h von Arx, B., J. Schlauer & M. Groves 2001. CITES Carnivorous Plant Checklist. Template:Webarchive The Cromwell Press, United Kingdom.
  23. ↑ a b c McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia and Indochina. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  24. ↑ Clarke, C. & C.C. Lee 2012. A revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Gunung Tahan, Peninsular Malaysia. Template:Webarchive Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 64(1): 33–49.
  25. ↑ a b c d e f g Cheek, M., M. Jebb, B. Murphy & F. Mambor (2018). Nepenthes section Insignes in Indonesia, with two new species. Blumea 62(3): 174–178. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  26. ↑ a b c d e f g Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2009. Nepenthes group Montanae (Nepenthaceae) in Indo-China, with N. thai and N. bokor described as new. Kew Bulletin 64(2): 319–325. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  27. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ a b Clarke, C., C.C. Lee & V. Enar 2014. Observations of the natural history and ecology of Nepenthes campanulata. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 43(1): 7–13.
  29. ↑ a b c d e Gronemeyer, T., F. Coritico, M. Micheler, D. Marwinski, R. Acil & V. Amoroso 2011. Nepenthes ceciliae, a new pitcher plant species from Mount Kiamo, Mindanao. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 412–423.
  30. ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ a b c d e Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes chang M. Catal. sp. nov. In: Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague. p. 38.
  32. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Gronemeyer, T., F. Coritico, A. Wistuba, D. Marwinski, T. Gieray, M. Micheler, F.S. Mey & V. Amoroso 2014. Four new species of Nepenthes L. (Nepenthaceae) from the central mountains of Mindanao, Philippines. Plants 3(2): 284–303. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  33. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Cheek, M. 2015. Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) of Halmahera, Indonesia. Blumea 59: 215–225. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  34. ↑ a b c d e f Bianchi, A., C.C. Lee, M.R. Golos, F.S. Mey, M. Mansur, Y.M. Mambrasar & A.S. Robinson. 2020. Nepenthes diabolica (Nepenthaceae), a new species of toothed pitcher plant from Central Sulawesi. Phytotaxa 464(1): 29–48. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  35. ↑ a b c d e Robinson, A.S., J. Nerz & A. Wistuba 2011. Nepenthes epiphytica, a new pitcher plant from East Kalimantan. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 36–51.
  36. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 69: 1–23. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  37. ↑ a b c d e f Golos, M.R., A.S. Robinson, M. Barer, M. Dančák, J. De Witte, A. Limberg, N.B.M. Sapawi & W. Tjiasmanto (2020). Nepenthes fractiflexa (Nepenthaceae), a new Bornean pitcher plant exhibiting concaulescent metatopy and a high degree of axillary bud activation. Phytotaxa 432(2): 125–143. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  38. ↑ a b c d e f Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  39. ↑ a b c d e McPherson, S., J. Cervancia, C. Lee, M. Jaunzems, A. Fleischmann, F. Mey, E. Gironella & A. Robinson 2010. Nepenthes gantungensis (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Mount Gantung, Palawan, Philippines. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1286–1295.
  40. ↑ Mey, F.S. 2016. The beautiful Nepenthes kampotiana x bokorensis. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, 5 October 2016.
  41. ↑ Template:In lang Hidayat, S., J. Hidayat, Hamzah, E. Suhandi, Tatang & Ajidin 2003. Analisis vegetasi dua jenis tumbuhan pemakan serangga di Padang Pinang Anyang, Pulau Belitung. [Vegetation analysis of two insectivorous plants in Padang Pinang Anyang, Belitung Island.] Biodiversitas 4(2): 93–96.
  42. ↑ a b Burbidge, F.W. 1882. Notes on the new Nepenthes. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(420): 56.
  43. ↑ a b c d e f Gronemeyer, T., A. Wistuba, V. Heinrich, S. McPherson, F. Mey & A. Amoroso 2010. Nepenthes hamiguitanensis (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Mindanao Island, Philippines. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1296–1305.
  44. ↑ a b c d Scharmann, M. & T.U. Grafe 2013. Reinstatement of Nepenthes hemsleyana (Nepenthaceae), an endemic pitcher plant from Borneo, with a discussion of associated Nepenthes taxa. Blumea 58(1): 8–12. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  45. ↑ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  46. ↑ Clarke, C., J.A. Moran & C.C. Lee 2011. Nepenthes baramensis (Nepenthaceae) – a new species from north-western Borneo . Blumea 56(3): 229–233. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  47. ↑ a b c d e f Mey, F.S., M. Catalano, C. Clarke, A. Robinson, A. Fleischmann & S. McPherson 2010. Nepenthes holdenii (Nepenthaceae), a new species of pyrophytic pitcher plant from the Cardamom Mountains of Cambodia. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1306–1331.
  48. ↑ Hernawati & P. Akhriadi 2006. A Field Guide to the Nepenthes of Sumatra. PILI-NGO Movement, Bogor.
  49. ↑ Nunn, R. & C.N.A. Vu 2016. An account of the Nepenthes species of Vietnam. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 45(3): 93–101.
  50. ↑ a b c Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes kerrii M. Catal. et T. Kruetr. sp. nov. In: Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague. p. 32.
  51. ↑ a b c d McPherson, S.R. 2011. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  52. ↑ a b McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Australia and New Guinea. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  53. ↑ a b Template:In lang Catalano, M. 2015. Nepenthes kongkandana, da ufficiosa ad ufficiale. AIPC Magazine 37: 4–11.
  54. ↑ a b c d e f Nuanlaong, S., S. Onsanit, V. Chusangrach & P. Suraninpong (2016). A new species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 44(2): 128–133. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  55. ↑ a b c d e f Robinson, A., J. Nerz, A. Wistuba, M. Mansur & S. McPherson 2011. Nepenthes lamii Jebb & Cheek, an emended description resulting from the separation of a two-species complex, and the introduction of Nepenthes monticola, a new species of highland pitcher plant from New Guinea. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 522–555.
  56. ↑ a b c d e McPherson, S., G. Bourke, J. Cervancia, M. Jaunzems, E. Gironella, A. Robinson & A. Fleischmann 2011. Nepenthes leonardoi (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Palawan, Philippines. Carniflora Australis 8(1): 4–19.
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  61. ↑ Jebb, M.H.P. 1991. An account of Nepenthes in New Guinea. Science in New Guinea 17(1): 7–54.
  62. ↑ a b Template:In lang Sunarti, S., A. Hidayat & Rugayah 2008. Keanekaragaman tumbuhan di hutan Pegunungan Waworete, Kecamatan Wawonii Timur, Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara. [Plants diversity at the mountain forest of Waworete, East Wawonii District, Wawonii Island, Southeast Sulawesi.] Biodiversitas 9(3): 194–198.
  63. ↑ Clarke, C.M., R. Cantley, J. Nerz, H. Rischer & A. Witsuba 2000. Nepenthes maxima. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.1. IUCN.
  64. ↑ Robinson, A. 2012. Nepenthes merrilliana on Samar Template:Webarchive. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics, June 29, 2012.
  65. ↑ a b c d e f Cheek, M. & M.H.P. Jebb (2016). Nepenthes minima (Nepenthaceae), a new pyrophytic grassland species from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea 61: 181–185. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  66. ↑ Schlauer, J. <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" /> N.d. Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Nepenthes mirabilis Template:Webarchive. Carnivorous Plant Database.
  67. ↑ Nepenthes mirabilis. Flora of China.
  68. ↑ a b c d e f Mansell, G. & W. Suarez (2016). Nepenthes nebularum, a new species from Mindanao, Philippines. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 45(4): 132–139.
  69. ↑ a b c d e Nerz, J., A. Wistuba, C.C. Lee, G. Bourke, U. Zimmermann & S. McPherson 2011. Nepenthes nigra, a new pitcher plant from Central Sulawesi. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 468–491.
  70. ↑ a b c d e McPherson, S., J. Cervancia, C. Lee, M. Jaunzems, A. Fleischmann, F. Mey, E. Gironella & A. Robinson 2010. Nepenthes palawanensis (Nepenthaceae), a new pitcher plant species from Sultan Peak, Palawan Island, Philippines. In: S.R. McPherson Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats. Volume 2. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 1332–1339.
  71. ↑ a b c Wilson, G.W. & S. Venter (2016). Nepenthes parvula (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Cape York, Queensland, Australia. Phytotaxa 277(2): 199–204. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  72. ↑ McPherson, S.R. 2011. Observations of Nepenthes philippinensis and related taxa. In: New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 382–395.
  73. ↑ a b Lee, C.C., S. McPherson, G. Bourke & M. Mansur 2009. Nepenthes pitopangii (Nepenthaceae), a new species from central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 61(1): 95–100.
  74. ↑ a b c d e Gronemeyer, T., S. McPherson, F. Coritico, M. Micheler, D. Marwinski & V. Amoroso 2011. Nepenthes pulchra, a new pitcher plant species from Mount Kiamo, Mindanao. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 424–439.
  75. ↑ a b c d e Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Nepenthes ramos (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Mindanao, Philippines. Willdenowia 43(1): 107–111. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  76. ↑ a b c d e Cheek, M. 2011. Nepenthes robcantleyi sp. nov. (Nepenthaceae) from Mindanao, Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany 29(6): 677–681. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  77. ↑ a b c d e Template:In lang Catalano, M. 2014. Nepenthes rosea, una nuova specie dalla Thailandia peninsulare. AIPC Magazine 36: 24–31.
  78. ↑ a b c d e f Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Nepenthes samar (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Samar, Philippines. Blumea 58(1): 82–84. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  79. ↑ a b Mey, F.S. 2010. Introduction to the pitcher plants (Nepenthes) of Cambodia. Cambodian Journal of Natural History 2010(2): 106–117.
  80. ↑ a b Template:In lang Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague.
  81. ↑ a b c Cheek, M. 2014. Nomen novum Nepenthes. Planta Carnivora 36(2): 44–45.
  82. ↑ a b c d Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes suratensis M. Catal. sp. nov. In: Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. Prague. p. 36.
  83. ↑ Mey, F.S., L.H. Truong, D.V. Dai & A.S. Robinson 2011. Nepenthes thorelii, an emended description and novel ecological data resulting from its rediscovery in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 104–131.
  84. ↑ a b c d e f Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Nepenthes ultra (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Luzon, Philippines. Blumea, published online on October 24, 2013. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  85. ↑ a b c d e f Lee, C.C., A. Wistuba, J. Nerz, U. Zimmermann, A.P. Paserang & R. Pitopang 2011. Nepenthes undulatifolia, a new pitcher plant from South East Sulawesi. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 492–505.
  86. ↑ a b c d e Template:In lang Micheler, M., T. Gronemeyer, A. Wistuba, D. Marwinski, W. Suarez & V. Amoroso 2013. Nepenthes viridis, eine neue Nepenthes-Art von der Insel Dinagat, Philippinen. Das Taublatt 76: 4–21.
  87. ↑ a b c McPherson, S.R. 2011. The discovery of Nepenthes sp. 'Anipahan'. In: New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 330–345.
  88. ↑ a b c d Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  89. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  90. ↑ Jebb, M. 1994. NEPENTHES revision for Flora Malesiana. Carnivorous Plant Mailing List, September 9, 1994.
  91. ↑ Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1998 ['1996']. Pitcher plants of Mt. Kinabalu in Sabah. The Sarawak Museum Journal 50(71): 145–171.
  92. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  93. ↑ a b Krutzsch, W. 1985. Über Nepenthes-Pollen im europäischen Tertiär. Gleditschia 13: 89–93.
  94. ↑ Krutzsch, W. 1989. Paleogeography and historical phytogeography (paleochorology) in the Neophyticum. Plant Systematics and Evolution 162(1–4): 5–61. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  95. ↑ Anderson, J.A.R. & J. Muller 1975. Palynological study of a Holocene peat and a Miocene coal deposit from NW Borneo. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 19(4): 291–351.
  96. ↑ Kumar, M. 1995. Pollen tetrads from Palaeocene sediments of Meghalaya, India: comments on their morphology, botanical affinity and geological records. Palaeobotanist 43(1): 68–81.
  97. ↑ Saxena, R.K. & G.K. Trivedi 2006. A Catalogue of Tertiary Spores and Pollen from India. Template:Webarchive Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow.
  98. ↑ Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology (Stuttgart) 3(2): 164–175. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".

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