Nepenthes bongso
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Template:Short description Template:Speciesbox
Nepenthes bongso Template:IPAc-en is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it has an altitudinal distribution of 1000–2700 m above sea level.[1][2] The specific epithet bongso refers to the Indonesian legend of Putri Bungsu (literally "youngest daughter"), the spirit guardian of Mount Marapi.[1]
Taxonomy
The species was formally described by Pieter Willem Korthals in his 1839 monograph, "Over het geslacht Nepenthes".[3]
Nepenthes carunculata<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[note a] is considered a heterotypic synonym of N. bongso by most authorities.[4][5][1][6] The infraspecific taxon Nepenthes carunculata var. robusta was described in 1994 by Joachim Nerz and Andreas Wistuba.[7] It is an extreme variety of this taxon with a large, flared peristome.[7]
In his Carnivorous Plant Database, taxonomist Jan Schlauer treats N. junghuhnii (sensu Macfarlane) as a possible synonym of N. bongso.[8]
Related species
| Character | N. bongso | N. dubia | N. talangensis | N. tenuis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shape of upper pitchers | tubulate - infundibulate | tubulous in the lower part, infundibulate above the middle | tubulous to narrow infundibuliform in the lower half, ovate in the upper half | wide infundibulate, contracted below the mouth |
| Lid | orbiculate | narrow cuneate | broad-ovate | very narrow elliptical |
| Length/width ratio of upper pitchers | 3.3 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1.75 |
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A typical lower pitcher of N. bongso
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Lower pitchers (developing, open, and dried)
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Lower pitchers of N. carunculata, which is often treated as a synonym
Natural hybrids
The following natural hybrids involving N. bongso have been recorded.
- N. bongso × N. gymnamphora[1]
- N. bongso × N. singalana[1]
- N. bongso × N. talangensis[1]
In his 1928 monograph "The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies", B. H. Danser mentioned what he thought was the hybrid N. bongso × N. pectinata;[9] however, this plant material is now known to represent N. densiflora,[1] a species described by Danser 12 years later.[10]
Notes
- a.<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^ Nepenthes carunculata is pronounced Template:IPAc-en. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word caruncula, a diminutive of caro (flesh), and refers to the fleshy seed appendages of this taxon.
References
Further reading
- Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. Script error: No such module "doi".
- Template:In lang Blume, C.L. 1852. Ord. Nepenthaceae. In: Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum, sive stirpium exoticarum novarum vel minus cognitarum ex vivis aut siccis brevis expositio. Tom. II. Nr. 1. E.J. Brill, Lugduni-Batavorum. pp. 5–10.
- Clarke, C.M. 2006. Introduction. In: Danser, B.H. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 1–15.
- Clarke, C. & C.C. Lee 2012. A revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Gunung Tahan, Peninsular Malaysia. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 64(1): 33–49.
- Hernawati & P. Akhriadi 2006. A Field Guide to the Nepenthes of Sumatra. PILI-NGO Movement, Bogor.
- Kato, M., M. Hotta, R. Tamin & T. Itino 1993. Inter- and intra-specific variation in prey assemblages and inhabitant communities in Nepenthes pitchers in Sumatra. Tropical Zoology 6(1): 11–25. Abstract
- Kurata, S. 1973. Nepenthes from Borneo, Singapore and Sumatra. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 26(2): 227–232.
- Macfarlane, J.M. 1914. Family XCVI. Nepenthaceæ. [pp. 279–288] In: J.S. Gamble. Materials for a flora of the Malayan Peninsula, No. 24. Journal & Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 75(3): 279–391.
- Template:In lang Mansur, M. 2001. Koleksi Nepenthes di Herbarium Bogoriense: prospeknya sebagai tanaman hias. In: Prosiding Seminar Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa Nasional. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor. pp. 244–253.
- Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. Script error: No such module "doi".
- Template:In lang Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l.. Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
- Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. Script error: No such module "doi".
- Template:In lang Puspitaningtyas, D.M. & H. Wawangningrum 2007. Keanekaragaman Nepenthes di Suaka Alam Sulasih Talang - Sumatera Barat. [Nepenthes diversity in Sulasih Talang Nature Reserve - West Sumatra.] Biodiversitas 8(2): 152–156. Cover
- Redwood, G.N. & J.C. Bowling 1990. Micropropagation of Nepenthes species. Botanic Gardens Micropropagation News 1(2): 19–20.
- Ridley, H.N. 1915. Nepenthaceæ. [pp. 168–169] In: XIII. The botany of Gunong Tahan, Pahang. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 6: 127–202.
- Shivas, R.G. 1984. Three Nepenthes from the Padang Highlands. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 13(1): 10–15.
- Template:In lang Syamsuardi & R. Tamin 1994. Kajian kekerabatan jenis-jenis Nepenthes di Sumatera Barat. Project report, Andalas University, Padang. Abstract
- Template:In lang Syamsuardi 1995. Klasifikasi numerik kantong semar (Nepenthes) di Sumatera Barat. [Numerical classification of pitcher plants (Nepenthes) in West Sumatra.] Journal Matematika dan Pengetahuan Alam 4(1): 48–57. Abstract
External links
- Photographs of N. bongso at the Carnivorous Plant Photofinder
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- ↑ a b c d e f g Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- ↑ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sumatra and Java. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedC&J - ↑ McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ↑ a b c Nerz, J. & A. Wistuba 1994. Five new taxa of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from North and West Sumatra Template:Webarchive. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 23(4): 101–114.
- ↑ Schlauer, J. <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" /> N.d. Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Nepenthes junghuhnii Template:Webarchive. Carnivorous Plant Database.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedDanser - ↑ Danser, B.H. 1940. A new Nepenthes from Sumatra. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 16: 268–271.