List of HVDC projects

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "Side box". Electric power transmission through interconnectors using high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) involves usually two converter stations and a transmission line. Generally overhead lines are used, but an important class of HVDC projects use submarine power cables. A back-to-back station has no transmission line and joins two separate AC grids at a single point. Historical HVDC systems used the Thury system of motor-generators but these have all been made obsolete by later developments such as mercury-arc valves (now also obsolete), thyristors, and IGBT power transistors.

Legend

Converter technology:

Line status:

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  Existing

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  Under construction

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  Planned

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  Decommissioned

Africa

<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />NameScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Nominal
Voltage
(kV)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Power (MW)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />YearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 Type
 Remarks
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />RefScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Cahora Bassa Mozambique - Songo
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 South Africa - Apollo
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 1420
(0/1420)		 533 1920 1979 Thyr First HVDC with Project up to 500kV
Siemens and ABB refurb 2013-2014 		[2][3][4]
Inga-Shaba Democratic Republic of the Congo - Kolwezi
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Democratic Republic of the Congo - Inga
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 1700
(0/1700)		 500 560 1982 Thyr Upgraded in 2014
Supplier: ABB, General Electric		 [2][5][6][7]
Caprivi Link Namibia - Gerus
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Namibia - Zambezi
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 950
(0/950)		 350 300 2010 IGBT Supplier: ABB [2][8]
Ethiopia–Kenya HVDC Interconnector Ethiopia - Wolayta
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Kenya - Suswa
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 1045
(0/1045)		 500 2000 On going (2022) Thyr Supplier: Siemens
Xlinks Morocco-UK Power Project Morocco - Guelmim-Oued Noun region UK - Alverdiscott, Devon 3800 3600 Proposed (2022) Supplier: Xlinks [9]

[10]

Australia and Oceania

<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />NameScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Nominal
Voltage
(kV)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Power (MW)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />YearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 Type
 Remarks
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />RefScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
HVDC Inter-Island 1 New Zealand - Benmore
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 New Zealand - Haywards
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 611
(40/571)		 270 600 1965 Merc Built as 250 kV 600 MW link
Paralleled to operate at 270 kV as positive pole with HVDC Inter-Island 2 in 1992.
Partially decommissioned in 2007, fully decommissioned in August 2012.
Supplier: ABB 		[2]
HVDC Inter-Island 2 New Zealand - Benmore
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 New Zealand - Haywards
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 611
(40/571)		 350 700 1992 Thyr Negative pole, operates in bipole configuration with HVDC Inter-Island 3 (previously HVDC Inter-Island 1)
Restricted to 500 MW due to cable rating.
Supplier: ABB		 [2]
Terranora interconnector (Directlink) Australia - Mullumbimby
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Australia - Bungalora
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 59
(59/0)		 80 180 2000 IGBT Land cable
Supplier: ABB		 [2]
Murraylink Australia - Red Cliffs
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Australia - Berri
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 176
(176/0)		 150 200 2002 IGBT Underground XLPE cable
Supplier: ABB		 [2]
Basslink Australia - Loy Yang
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Australia - George Town
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 370 (298/72) 400 500 2006 Thyr One of the longest HVDC cable in operation
Supplier: Siemens		 [2][11][12]
HVDC Inter-Island 3 New Zealand - Benmore
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 New Zealand - Haywards
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 611
(40/571)		 350 735 2013 Thyr Positive pole, operates in bipole configuration with HVDC Inter-Island 2
Supplier: Siemens		 [13]
Australia–ASEAN Power Link Australia - Darwin Singapore 4200 undersea
800 overland		 2027 aka Sun Cable
Marinus link Australia - Burnie Australia - Latrobe Valley Approximately 340 (90/250) 750 + 750 late 2020s [14]

Asia

<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />NameScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Nominal
Voltage
(kV)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Power (MW)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />YearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 Type
 Remarks
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />RefScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Hokkaido - Honshu Japan - Hakodate
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Japan - Kamikita
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 193
(44/149)		 250 300 1979 Thyr Supplier: ABB, Hitachi, Toshiba [2]
Zhou Shan China - Ningbo
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Gao Tongge
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 54
(12/42)		 100 50 1982 Thyr [2]
Gezhouba - Shanghai China - Gezhouba Dam
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Nan Qiao
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 1046
(0/1046)		 500 1200 1989 Thyr Power line shares pylons of HVDC Hubei - Shanghai in most part of its track

Supplier: ABB, Siemens

HVDC C&P System Refurbished by NR Electric

[15]
Sileru-Barsoor India - Sileru
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 India - Barsoor
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 196
(0/196)		 200 100 1989 Thyr Supplier: BHEL [2]
Ekibastuz–Tambov Kazakhstan - Ekibastuz
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Russia - Tambov
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 2414
(0/2414)		 750 6000 - Thyr Construction sites abandoned around 1990 owing to collapse of Soviet Union, line was never completed
Rihand-Delhi India - Rihand
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 India - Dadri
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 814
(0/814)		 500 1500 1990 Thyr Supplier: ABB, BHEL [16]
Haenam-Cheju South Korea - Haenam
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 South Korea - Jeju
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 101
(101/0)		 180 300 1996 Thyr Supplier: Alstom [2]
Leyte - Luzon Philippines - Ormoc, Leyte
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Philippines - Naga, Camarines Sur
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 451
(21/430)		 350 440 1998 Thyr Supplier: ABB, Marubeni

HVDC C&P System Refurbished by NR Electric

[2]
Chandrapur-Padghe India - Chandrapur
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 India - Padghe
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 752
(0/752)		 500 1500 1999 Thyr Supplier: ABB [17]
Kii Channel Japan - Anan
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Japan - Kihoku
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 100
(50/50)		 250 1400 2000 Thyr Supplier: Hitachi, Toshiba, Mitsubishi [2]
Tian-Guang China - Tianshengqiao
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Beijiao
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 960
(0/960)		 500 1800 2001 Thyr Supplier: Siemens

HVDC C&P System Refurbished by NR Electric

[2]
Thailand-Malaysia Thailand - Khlong Ngae
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Malaysia - Gurun
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 110
(0/110)		 300 300 2001 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [2]
Shengsi China - Shengsi
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Anabasis Sizu
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 66.2
(63.21/2.99)		 50 60 2002 Thyr [18]
Talcher-Kolar India - Talcher, Odisha
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 India - Kolar, Karnataka
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 1450
(0/1450)		 500 2500 2003 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [2]
Three Gorges - Changzhou China - Longquan
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Zhengping
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 890
(0/890)		 500 3000 2003 Thyr From north bank of Three Gorges to Zhengping, 200 km from Shanghai in the East grid
Supplier: ABB, Siemens. Sharing of grounding electrode at Chujiahu with HVDC Hubei-Shanghai		 [2][19][20]
Guizhou - Guangdong I China - Anshun, Guizhou
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Zhaoqing, Guangdong
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 980
(0/980)		 500 3000 2004 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [2]
Three Gorges - Guangdong China - Jingzhou
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Huizhou
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 940
(0/940)		 500 3000 2004 Thyr Supplier: ABB [2][21]
Three Gorges - Shanghai China - Yidu
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Shanghai
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 1060
(0/1060)		 500 3000 2006 Thyr Supplier: ABB [2][22]
Guizhou - Guangdong II China - Xingren
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Shenzhen
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 1200
(0/1200)		 500 3000 2007 Thyr Supplier: Siemens, Sharing of grounding electrode at Linwu with HVDC Yunnan - Guangdong [2]
Ballia - Bhiwadi India - Ballia
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 India - Bhiwadi
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 800
(0/800)		 500 2500 2010 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [2]
Baoji - Deyang China - Baoji
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Denyang
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 574
(0/574)		 500 3000 2010 Thyr ???
Hulunbeir - Liaoning China - Hulunbeir
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Shenyang
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 920
(0/920)		 500 3000 2010 Thyr Supplier: ABB [2][23]
Xiangjiaba-Shanghai China - Fulong
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Fengxia
Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 		1980
(0/1980)		 800 6400 2010 Thyr Supplier: ABB [2][24]
Yunnan - Guangdong China - Yunnan province
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Zengcheng
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 1418
(0/1418)		 800 5000 2010 Thyr Supplier: Siemens, Sharing of grounding electrode at Linwu with HVDC Guizhou - Guangdong II

highlight: worldwide first dc 800kv hvdc application

[2]
Hubei - Shanghai China - Jingmen
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Fenjing
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 970
(0/970)		 500 3000 2011 Thyr Power line shares pylons of HVDC Gezhouba - Shanghai in most part of its track, sharing of grounding electrode at Chujiahu with HVDC Shanghai-Changzhou ???
Nanhui Wind Farm Integration China China 8.4
(8.4/0)		 30 18 2011 IGBT Supplier: C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd [25]
Ningdong - Shandong China - Yinchuan
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Qingdao
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 1335
(0/1335)		 660 4000 2011 Thyr Supplier:Alstom; C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd [2]
Qinghai - Tibet China - Geermu
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Lhasa
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 1038
(0/1038)		 400 1500 2011 Thyr Powerline reaches altitudes up to 5300 m above sea level
Supplier: CET, SGCC		 [2]
Mundra - Haryana India - Mundra
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 India - Mohindergarh Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 960
(0/960)		 500 2500 2012 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [2]
Dalian City Infeed China - Dalian North China - Dalian South 43
(43/0)		 320 1000 2013 IGBT [26]
Jinping - Sunan China - Jinping
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Suzhou
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 2090
(0/2090)		 800 7200 2013 Thyr Supplier: ABB, C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd

ACC Provided by NR Electric in Jinping Converter Station

[27]
Nanao Multi-terminal VSC HVDC China - Sucheng
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Jinniu
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".; China - Qingao
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 32
(10/32)		 Script error: No such module "sort". 200/100/50 2013 IEGT/IGBT SEPRI (Electric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid) is technically responsible for the entire project. Multiple suppliers are involved: three different VSC HVDC valve suppliers, two different HVDC land/sea cable suppliers and three different control & protection system/equipment suppliers. [28][29]
Nuozhadu - Guangdong China - Nuozhadu
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Jiangmen
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 1413 800 6400 2013 Thyr ???
Xiluodo - Guangdong China - Zhaotong
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Conghua
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 1286
(0/1286)		 500 6400 2013 Thyr ???
Hami - Zhengzhou China-Hami
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China-Zhengzhou
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 2210 800 8000 2014 Thyr Supplier: C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd

HVDC C&P System Provided by NR Electric

[30][31][32][33][34][35]
Jindo - Jeju South Korea - Jindo
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 South Korea - Jeju
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 105
(105/0)		 250 400 2014 Thyr Supplier: Alstom (converter stations), LS Cable and System (cables). [2][36][37]
Xiluodo - West Zhejiang China - Xiluodu
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Jinghua
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 1680 800 8000 2014 Thyr Supplier:C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd ???
Zhoushan Multi-terminal DC Interconnection China - Zhoushan
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Qushan
Script error: No such module "Coordinates". ; China - Daishan
Script error: No such module "Coordinates". ; China - Yangshan
Script error: No such module "Coordinates". ; China - Sijiao
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 134
(134/0)		 Script error: No such module "sort". 400 2014 IGBT Supplier:C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd

HVDC C&P System Provided by NR Electric

[38]
Humeng - Shandong China China 800 6400 2015 Thyr ???
Irkutsk - Beijing Russia - Irkutsk China - Beijing 800 6400 2015 Thyr ???
Champa-Kurukshetra India - Champa India - Kurukshetra 1365
(0/1365)		 800 Script error: No such module "sort". 2016 Thyr 2 Bipoles. Supplier: Alstom [39]
Goupitan - Guangdong China China 3000 2016 Thyr ???
Jinsha River II - East China China China 800 6400 2016 Thyr ???
North-East Agra India - Agra
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 India - Biswanath
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 1728
(0/1728)		 800 6000 2016 Thyr Will supply electricity to serve 90 million people
Bipole Ultra high voltage, multiterminal (intermediate converter station at Alipurdauar Script error: No such module "Coordinates".)
Supplier: ABB		 [40]
New HVDC Hokkaido-Honshu Japan - Imabetsu
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Japan - Hokuto
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 122
(24/98)		 250 300 2019 IGBT suppliers: Toshiba [41][42]
Matiari to Lahore Transmission Line Project Pakistan - Matiari, Sindh Pakistan - Lahore, Punjab 878 660 4000 2021 Thyr ±660 kV Bipole HVDC with Converter/ Grounding Electrode Stations [43]
Inner Mongolia - Linyi China - Shizhustan
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Linyi
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 800 6400 2017 Thyr ???
Jiuquan- Xiangtan China - Qiaowan
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Xiangtan
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 800 6400 2017 Thyr Supplier:C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd

HVDC C&P System Provided by NR Electric

???
North Shanxi - Nanjing China - North Shanxi
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Nanjing
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 2017 Thyr ???
Northwest Yunnan - Guangdong China - Xinsong
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Dongfang
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 1953 800 5000 2018 Thyr ???
Xilin Hot - Taizhou China - Xilin Hot
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Taizhou
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 800 10000 2017 Thyr ???
Yinchuan - Zhuji China - Yinchuan
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 China - Zhuji
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 800 6400 2017 Thyr HVDC C&P System Provided by NR Electric ???
Dianxibei - Guangdong China-Lijiang China-Zhengzhen 1928/0 800 5000 2017 Thyr Supplier: C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd ???
Jinsha River II - Fujian China China 800 6400 2018 Thyr ???
Humeng - Liaoning China China 800 6400 2018 Thyr ???
Rudong Offshore Wind Connector China - Jiangsu Rudong China - Jiangsu Rudong Platform 100
(100/0)		 400 1100 2022 IGBT Suppliers: XJ and RXHK for valve, ZTT Cable
Sheyang Offshore Wind Connector China - Jiangsu Sheyang China - Jiangsu Sheyang Platform 83
(83/0)		 250 1100 2022 IGBT
Zhangbei DC Grid Project China - Beijing China - Zhangbei
China - Fengning
China - Kangbao
495
(0/495)		 500 3000/3000/1500/1500 2021 IGBT Four terminal DC Grid

Suppliers: NR Electric, others

[44]
Wudongde multi-terminal UHVDC demonstration project China - Yunnan China - Guangxi
China - Guangdong		 1489
(0/1489)		 800 8000/3000/5000 2021 Thyr/IGBT Three terminal Hybrid DC system, Yunnan (Thyristor), Guangdong and Guangxi (IGBT)
Raigarh-Pugalur India - Raigarh
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 India - Pugalur
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
India - Thrissur		 1830
800 6000 2019 Thyr Supplier: ABB; One of the World's biggest Multi-terminal HVDC system with Ultra High Voltage DC Transmission system (UHVDC) [45]
CASA-1000 Tajikistan - Sangtuda Pakistan - Nowshera 750 500 1300 2025 Thyr ±500 kV Bipole HVDC with Converter Stations [46][47]
India–Sri Lanka HVDC Interconnection Madurai - India Anurathapura - Sri Lanka 285 Script error: No such module "sort". 500/1000 2030 Thyr
Andaman HVDC Connection Paradip - India Port Blair - India 1160 Script error: No such module "sort". 250/125 2030 IGBT one of the world's longest deep-sea UG cable HVDC system [48]

Europe

<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />NameScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Nominal
Voltage
(kV)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Power (MW)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />YearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 Type
 Remarks
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />RefScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Miesbach-Munich Power Transmission Germany - Miesbach Germany - Munich 58
(0/58)		 2 0.0025 1882 Single machine Demonstration facility

Dismantled

Gorzente River - Genoa DC transmission scheme Italy - Gorzente River Italy - Genoa ? 6 ? 1889 Thury Upgraded later to a voltage of 14 kV, power of 2.5 MW and a length of 120 km

Dismantled

La Chaux-de-Fonds DC transmission scheme Switzerland - ? Switzerland - ? ? 14 ? 1897 Thury Dismantled
St. Maurice - Lausanne DC transmission scheme Switzerland - St. Maurice Switzerland - Lausanne ? 22 3.7 1899 Thury Dismantled
Lyon-Moutiers DC transmission scheme France - Lyon France - Moutiers 200
(10/190)		 75 30 1906 Thury Dismantled in 1936
Wilesden-Ironbridge DC transmission scheme UK - Wilesden UK - Ironbridge ? 100 ? 1910 Thury Dismantled
Chambéry DC transmission scheme France - ? France - ? ? 150 ? 1925 Thury Dismantled in 1937
HVDC Zurich-Wettingen Switzerland - Wettingen Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Switzerland - Zurich 20
(0/20)		 50 0.5 1939 Merc Experimental facility built by BBC

Dismantled

HVDC Charlottenburg-Moabit Germany - Berlin-Moabit Germany - Berlin-Charlottenburg 4.6
(0/4.6)		 100 14 1942 Merc Experimental facility built by Siemens

Dismantled in 1945

Lehrte-Misburg HVDC Germany - Lehrte Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Germany - Hannover/Misburg ? 80 16 1944 Merc Experimental facility

Dismantled

Elbe-Project Germany - Vockerode Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Germany - Berlin, Marienfelde Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 115
(115/0)		 200 60 1945 Merc Never placed in service

Dismantled

HVDC Trollhättan-Mellerud Sweden - Trollhättan Sweden - Mellerud 50
(0/50)		 45 6.5 1946 Merc Experimental facility built by ASEA

Dismantled

Moscow–Kashira Russia - Moscow Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Russia - Kashira Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 100
(100/0)		 200 30 1951 Merc Built of parts of HVDC Elbe-Project

Shut down

[2]
Gotland 1 Sweden - Västervik Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Sweden - Yigne Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 98
(98/0)		 200 20 1954 Merc World's first commercial HVDC link, by ASEA. Expanded by ABB in 1970, decommissioned in 1986 [2][49]
Cross-Channel France - Echingen Script error: No such module "Coordinates". UK - Lydd Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 64
(64/0)		 100 160 1961 Merc Shut down in 1984 [2]
Volgograd-Donbass Russia - Volzhskaya Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Ukraine - Mikhailovskaya Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 475
(0/475)		 400 750 1965 Merc/Thyr Shut down in 2014 [2]
Konti-Skan 1 Denmark - Vester Hassing Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Sweden - Stenkullen Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 176
(87/89)		 250 250 1965 Merc Replaced in August 2006 by modern converters using thyristors [2]
SACOI 1 Italy - Suvereto Script error: No such module "Coordinates". ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio Script error: No such module "Coordinates".) France- Lucciana Script error: No such module "Coordinates". ; Codrongianos, Italy Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 483
(365/118)		 200 200 1965 Merc Replaced in 1986 by Thyr, multiterminal scheme.
The line reused by SACOI 2, see below.		 [2]
Kingsnorth UK - Kingsnorth Script error: No such module "Coordinates". UK - London-Beddington Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 85
(85/0)		 266 320 1975 Merc Bipolar scheme

Supplier: English Electric Shut down in 1987

[50]
Kingsnorth UK - Kingsnorth UK - London-Willesden Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 111
(111/0)		 266 320 1975 Merc Opposite pole of Kingsnorth - Beddington. Cable wholly underground except for Thames crossing - crossed on upstream side of Putney District line railway bridge
Skagerrak 1 + 2 Denmark - Tjele Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Norway - Kristiansand Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 230
(130/100)		 250 500 1977 Thyr   Supplier: STK(Nexans) Control system upgrade by ABB in 2007 [51][52][53]
Gotland 2 Sweden - Västervik Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Sweden - Yigne Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 99.5
(92.9/6.6)		 150 130 1983 Thyr Supplier: ABB
Interconnexion France Angleterre (new) France - Les Mandarins Script error: No such module "Coordinates". UK - Sellindge Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 72
(72/0)		 270 2000 1986 Thyr 2 bipolar systems

Supplier: Alstom

[2][54]
Gotland 3 Sweden - Västervik Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Sweden - Yigne Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 98
(98/0)		 150 130 1987 Thyr Supplier: ABB
Konti-Skan 2 Denmark - Vester, Hassing Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Sweden - Lindome Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 147
(87/60)		 285 300 1988 Thyr Supplier: ABB
Fenno-Skan Finland - Rauma Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Sweden - Dannebo Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 233
(200/33)		 400 500 1989 Thyr Supplier: ABB
SACOI 2 Italy - Suvereto Script error: No such module "Coordinates". ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio Script error: No such module "Coordinates".) France- Lucciana Script error: No such module "Coordinates". ; Codrongianos, Italy Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 422
(118/304)		 200 300 1992 Thyr Multiterminal scheme

Supplier: Alstom

Skagerrak 3 Denmark - Tjele Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Norway - Kristiansand Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 230
(130/100)		 350 440 1993 Thyr Supplier: Nexans ABB [51]
Baltic Cable Germany - Lübeck- Herrenwyk Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Sweden - Kruseberg Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 262
(250/12)		 450 600 1994 Thyr Supplier: ABB
Kontek Denmark - Bjæverskov Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Germany - Bentwisch Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 170
(170/0)		 400 600 1996 Thyr Supplier: ABB
Hellsjön-Grängesberg Sweden - Hellsjön Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Sweden - Grängesberg Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 10
(0/10)		 180 3 1997 IGBT Experimental HVDC

Supplier: ABB

Visby-Näs Sweden - Näs Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Sweden - Visby Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 70
(70/0)		 80 50 1999 IGBT World's first commercial HVDC Light [55]
SwePol Poland - Wierzbięcin Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Sweden - Stärnö Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 245
(245/0)		 450 600 2000 Thyr Supplier: ABB [56]
Tjæreborg Denmark - Tjæreborg/Enge Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Denmark - Tjæreborg/Substation Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 4.3
(4.3/0)		 9 7 2000 IGBT Interconnection to wind power generating stations
Italy-Greece Greece - Arachthos Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Italy - Galatina Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 310
(200/110)		 400 500 2001 Thyr  
Moyle UK - Auchencrosh Script error: No such module "Coordinates". UK - N. Ireland- Ballycronan More Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 63.5
(63.5/0)		 250 500 2001 Thyr Supplier: Siemens, Nexans [57]
HVDC Troll Norway - Kollsnes Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Norway - Offshore platform Troll A Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 70
(70/0)		 60 80 2004 IGBT Power supply for offshore gas compressor

Supplier: ABB

[58]
Estlink Finland - Espoo Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Estonia - Harku Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 105
(105/0)		 150 350 2006 IGBT Supplier: ABB [58]
NorNed Netherlands - Eemshaven Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Norway - Feda Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 580
(580/0)		 450 700 2008 Thyr Supplier: ABB, Nexans [58]
BritNed UK - Grain Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Netherlands - Maasvlakte Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 245
(245/0)		 450 1000 2010 Thyr Operational since April 2011. Supplier: Siemens [58][59]

[60][61]

StoreBælt Denmark - Fraugde Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Denmark - Herslev Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 56
(56/0)		 400 600 2010 Thyr Operational since August 2010. Supplier: Siemens [58]
Cometa Spain - Morvedre Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Spain - Santa Ponsa Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 247
(247/0)		 250 400 2011 Thyr Expected completion 2011

Supplier: Siemens (converter stations); Prysmian/Nexans (cables)

[58]
Fenno-Skan 2 Finland - Rauma Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Sweden - Finnböle Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 303
(200/103)		 500 800 2011 Thyr  
SAPEI Italy - Latina Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Italy - Fiume Santo Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 435
(435/0)		 500 1000 2011 Thyr The largest HVDC link in the Mediterranean Sea. Supplier: ABB [58][62][63]
Valhall HVDC Norway - Lista Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Norway - Valhall, Offshore platform 292
(292/0)		 150 78 2011 IGBT Supplier: ABB, Nexans   [64]
BorWin1 Germany - Diele Germany - BorWin Alpha platform 200
(200/0)		 ±150 400 2012 IGBT Supplier: ABB [65][66][67]
East West Interconnector Ireland - Woodland Script error: No such module "Coordinates". UK - Shotton, Wales Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 130
(130/0)		 ±200 500 2012 IGBT Supplier: ABB [68]
Fenno-Skan 1 Upgrade Finland - Rauma Sweden - Finnböle 233
(200/33)		 400 500 2013 Thyr Upgrade

Supplier:ABB

[69][70][71]
Estlink 2 Finland - Anttila Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Estonia - Püssi Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 171
(157/14)		 450 650 2014 Thyr Supplier: Siemens, Nexans
ÅL-link Finland - Naantali (sv:Nådendal) Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Åland - Ytterby 158
(158/0)		 80 100 2015 IGBT Supplier: ABB [72][73][74]
BorWin2 Germany - Diele Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Germany - BorWin Beta platform Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 200
(200/0)		 ±300 800 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens [75]
DolWin1 Germany - Heede Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Germany - DolWin Alpha platform Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 165
(165/0)		 ±320 800 2015 IGBT Supplier:ABB [76]
HelWin1 Germany - Büttel Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Germany - HelWin Alpha platform Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 130
(130/0)		 ±250 576 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens [77]
HelWin2 Germany - Büttel Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Germany - HelWin Beta platform Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 130
(130/0)		 ±320 690 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens
INELFE France - Baixas Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Spain - Santa Llogaia Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 64
(64/0)		 ±320 2000 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens, Cables: Prysmian. €700m, 8 km tunnel near HSR [78]

[79][80][81]

LitPol Link HVDC was B2B Lithuania - Alytus Poland - Elk 160
(0/160)		 70 500 20152[82] Thyr Switched to AC in 2025 to facilitate the Baltic countries' synchronization with CESA.
Supplier: ABB		 [83][84][85]
NordBalt Sweden - Nybro Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Lithuania - Klaipėda Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 450
(450/0)		 300 700 2015 IGBT Supplier: ABB [86]
Skagerrak 4 Denmark - Tjele Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Norway - Kristiansand Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 244
(244/0)		 500 700 2015 IGBT Suppliers: Nexans, ABB [87]
SylWin1 Germany - Büttel Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Germany - SylWin Alpha platform Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 205
(205/0)		 ±320 864 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens [88]
Troll A 3&4 Norway - Kollsnes Norway - Troll A 3&4 platform 70
(70/0)		 66 100 2015 IGBT Supplier: ABB [89][90][91][92][93][94]
DolWin2 Germany - Heede Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Germany - DolWin Beta platform Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 135
(135/0)		 ±320 900 2016 IGBT Supplier: ABB [95]
DolWin3 Germany - Heede Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Germany - DolWin Gamma platform Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 160
(160/0)		 ±320 900 2017 IGBT Supplier: Alstom [96]
HVDC MON.ITA Project Italy-Cepagatti Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Montenegro - Lastva Grbaljska Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 415
(415/0)		 ±500 1000 2019 Thyr Supplier: Toshiba (converter stations); Nexans (cables). [97][98][99]
Western HVDC Link UK - Hunterston Script error: No such module "Coordinates". UK - Flintshire Bridge Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 422
(422/0)		 600 2200 2017-18 Thyr Supplier: Prysmian Group, Siemens
First subsea 600kV link		 [100][101]
Caithness - Moray Link3 UK - Spittal Script error: No such module "Coordinates". UK - Blackhillock Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 160 320 1200 2018 IGBT Supplier: ABB [102][103]
BorWin3 Germany - Diele Germany - BorWin Gamma platform 200
(200/0)		 ±320 900 2019 IGBT Supplier: Siemens
COBRAcable Denmark - Endrup via Fanø Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Netherlands - Eemshaven Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 325 ±320 700 20194 IGBT Suppliers: Siemens, Prysmian, Cost € 449m [104][105][106][107][108]
Johan Sverdrup Phase 1 Norway - Haugsneset Norway - Johan Sverdrup platform 200
(200/0)		 ±80 100 2019 IGBT Supplier: ABB, NKT [109]
France-Italy via Fréjus Road Tunnel France, Grand-Île Italy, Piossasco 190 ±320 2x600 2019 IGBT Supplier: Alstom (converter stations); Prysmian (cables). [110][111][112][113]
Nemo Link Belgium - near Bruges UK - Richborough Energy Park 140
(140/0)		 400 1000 2019 IGBT Converter stations: Siemens, cables: J-power systems[114] [115][116]
ALEGrO Belgium - Visé Germany - Oberzier 100
(100/0)		 320 1000 20205 IGBT Converter stations: Siemens

Cables: General Cable

[117][118][119]

[120]

[121]

SydVästlänken Sweden - Barkeryd Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Sweden - Hurva Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 260
(197/63)		 ±300 2x720 2021 IGBT Supplier: Alstom
IFA-2 France - Tourbe, Normandie UK - Chilling, Hampshire 204 320 1000 2021 IGBT Supplier: ABB [122][123][124][125]
NORD.LINK Norway - Tonstad Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Germany - Wilster Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 623
(570/53)		 525 1400 2021 IGBT Supplier: ABB [126]
North Sea Link Norway - Kvilldal UK - Blyth 730
(730/0)		 515 1400 2021 IGBT Supplier: ABB, Prysmian Group, Nexans, MACH 3 Control & Protection [127][128][129][130]
ElecLink France - Les Mandarins UK - Sellindge 70 320 1000 2022 IGBT In the Channel Tunnel
Cost €580m		 [131][132]
Johan Sverdrup Phase 2 Norway - Haugsneset Norway - Johan Sverdrup platform 200
(200/0)		 ±80 200 2022 IGBT Supplier: Siemens, NKT [109][133]
Viking Link Denmark - Revsing UK - Bicker Fen 740 525 1400 2023 IGBT Suppliers: Siemens, Prysmian and NKT [134][135]
DolWin6 Germany - Emden/Ost Germany - DolWin Zeta platform 90
(90/0)		 ±320 900 2023 IGBT Supplier: Siemens, Prysmian [136][137]
Dogger Bank A UK - Creyke Beck Script error: No such module "Coordinates". UK - Dogger Bank A platform 207
(207/0)		 320 1200 2023 IGBT/BIGT Suppliers: ABB, Aibel and NKT, 172 km submarine cable and 35 km underground cable [138][139][140][141]

[142]

Shetland HVDC Connection UK - Upper Kergord Script error: No such module "Coordinates". UK - near Staxigoe Script error: No such module "Coordinates". [143] 260
(260/0)		 320 600 20246 IGBT [144][145]
DolWin5 Germany - Emden/Ost Germany - DolWin Epsilon platform 130
(130/0)		 ±320 900 2024 IGBT/BIGT Supplier: ABB, Aibel, Prysmian [146][147][148]
Ariadne Interconnection Greece – Athens Greece – Heraklion 335

(335/0)

500 1000 2024 [149]
Dogger Bank B UK - Creyke Beck Script error: No such module "Coordinates". UK - Dogger Bank B platform 207
(207/0)		 320 1200 2024 IGBT/BIGT Suppliers: ABB, Aibel and NKT, 172 km submarine cable and 35 km underground cable [138][139]

[141] [142]

Greenlink Ireland – County Wexford UK – Pembrokeshire, Wales 200 320 500 2025 [150]
BorWin5 Germany - Garrel/Ost Germany - BorWin Epsilon platform 230 320 900 2025 [151]
Dogger Bank C UK - Lazenby UK - Dogger Bank C platform 270 320 1200 2026 IGBT/BIGT [141]

[152][153]

Sofia UK - Lazenby UK - Sofia platform 227 320 1320 2026 [154][155]
Celtic Interconnector Ireland France 575 500 700 2026 [156]
East Anglia THREE UK - Bramford UK - East Anglia THREE platform 190 320 1400 2026 [157][158]
SüdOstLink Germany – Wolmirstedt Germany – Landshut 500 525 2000 2027 [159]
Hornsea 3 Link 1 UK - Norwich UK - Hornsea 3 Link 1 platform 170 320 2027 [160][161][162]
Hornsea 3 Link 2 UK - Norwich UK - Hornsea 3 Link 2 platform 170 320 2027 [160][161][162]
EuroAsia Interconnector Israel - Hadera, via Cyprus - Kofinou Greece - Korakia, Crete 1208 500 2000 2027 [163][164]
EuroAfrica Interconnector Egypt - Damietta - via Cyprus - Kofinou Greece - Korakia, Crete 1396 500 2000 2027 [165][166][167][168]
NeuConnect Germany - Wilhelmshaven UK - Isle of Grain 725 ±525 1400 2028
Harmony Link Lithuania - Darbėnai Poland - Zarnowiec 330 ±320 700 2028
DolWin4 Germany - Hanekenfähr Germany - DolWin4 platform 215 320 900 2028 [169][170]
BorWin4 Germany - Hanekenfähr Germany - BorWin4 platform 280 320 900 2029 [169][170]
IJmuiden Ver Alpha Netherlands - Borssele Netherlands - IJmuiden Ver Alpha platform 176 525 2000 2029 [171][172][173]
IJmuiden Ver Beta Netherlands - Maasvlakte Netherlands - IJmuiden Ver Beta platform 525 2000 2029 [174][175]
IJmuiden Ver Gamma Netherlands - Maasvlakte Netherlands - IJmuiden Ver Gamma platform 525 2000 2029 [176][175]
Eastern Green Link EGL1 UK - Torness nuclear power station UK - Hawthorn Pit 196 400 2000 2029 [177][178]
Eastern Green Link EGL2 UK - Peterhead UK - Drax, North Yorkshire 505 400 2000 2029 [177][178]
Western Isles HVDC connection UK - Arnish Point near Stornoway UK - Beauly 156 320 600 2030 [179]
FAB Link France - Menuel on Cherbourg Peninsula UK - Exeter via Alderney 210
(210/0)		 320 1400 2030 IGBT [180][181]
Nederwiek 1 Netherlands - Borssele Netherlands - Nederwiek 1 platform 217 525 2000 2030 [172][173]
Nederwiek 2 Netherlands - Maasvlakte Netherlands - Nederwiek 2 platform 525 2000 2030 [182][175]
BalWin1 Germany - Wehrendorf Germany - BalWin1 platform 360 525 2000 2030 [183][184]
BalWin2 Germany - Westerkappeln Germany - BalWin2 platform 380 525 2000 2031 [183][184]
SuedLink DC3 Germany - Brunsbuettel

53°53'47.4"N 9°11'47.6"E

Germany - Grossgartach

49°08'36.2"N 9°09'03.9"E

700 ±525 2000 2027 IGBT Suppliers: VSC substations: Siemens Energy, DC cable: nkt

Common project of Tennet TSO and Transnet BW

highlight: first 525kV fully underground DC cable project

SuedLink DC4 Germany - Wilster

53°55'14.3"N 9°20'34.8"E

Germany - Bergrheinfeld

49°59'22.4"N 10°09'02.9"E

550 ±525 2000 2027 IGBT Supplier substations: tbd

dc cable: Prysmian Common project of TenneT TSO and Transnet BW

highlight: first 525kV fully underground DC cable project

Tyrrhenian Link Italy – Battipaglia Italy – Sardinia 970 1000 2028 Connects mainland Italy to Sicily and Sardinia [185]
Adriatic Link Italy – Abruzzo Italy – Marche 250 1000 2028 [186]
LirlC Belfast, Northern Ireland Ayrshire, Scotland 142 700 2032 [187]
Estlink 3 Finland Estonia 700–1000 2035
Fenno-Skan 3 Finland Sweden 800[188] 2038

2 As of 9 December 2015, LitPol Link started trial operations.[189]
3 Caithness Moray HVDC serves a number of renewable energy sources in the north of Scotland - see map[190]
4 Contracts due to be placed in 2016.
5 Elia says construction expected to start in late 2017.
6 Date is that quoted to support the Shetland Wind Farm that SSE is a part investor in.[191]
7 Decision on project expected in 2017 following consultation - see SSE PD reference.

North America

<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />NameScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Nominal
Voltage
(kV)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Power (MW)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />YearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 Type
 Remarks
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />RefScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
HVDC Mechanicville–Schenectady USA - Mechanicville, NY
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 USA - Schenectady, NY 37
(0/37)		 12 5 1932 Merc Experimental, frequency conversion 40 to 60 Hz

Dismantled after WW II

[192]
Vancouver Island 1 Canada - Delta, BC
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Canada - North Cowichan, BC
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 75
(42/33)		 260 312 1968 - 2014 Merc Supplier: ASEA [2]
Pacific DC Intertie USA - Celilo, OR
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 USA - Sylmar, CA Script error: No such module "Coordinates".,
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 1362
(0/1362)		 ±500 3100 1970 Thyr Transmission voltage ±400 kV until 1984
Maximum transmission power 1440 MW until 1982
From 1982 to 1984 1600 MW
From 1984 to 1989 2000 MW
Merc replaced by Thyr in 2004
Original supplier: ASEA, General Electric
In 1989 upgraded by ABB
In 2004 upgraded by ABB and Siemens		 [2][193][194]
Nelson River Bipole 1 Canada - Gillam, Manitoba
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Canada - Rosser, Manitoba
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 895
(0/895)		 463.5 1854 1971 Thyr Used the largest mercury arc rectifiers ever built
Original supplier: English Electric.
In 1992/1993, Pole 1 upgraded to Thyr by Alstom.
In 2004, Pole 2 upgraded to Thyr by Siemens.		 [2][195]
Vancouver Island 2 Canada - Delta, BC
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Canada - North Cowichan, BC
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 75
(33/42)		 280 370 1977 - 2016 Thyr Supplier: General Electric [2]
Square Butte USA - Center, ND (Young)
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 USA - Adolph, MN (Arrowhead)
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 749
(0/749)		 250 500 1977 Thyr Supplier: General Electric In 2004 Control system upgrade by ABB [2][196][197]
Nelson River Bipole 2 Canada - Sundance, Manitoba
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Canada - Rosser, Manitoba
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 940
(0/940)		 500 2000 1978-1985 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [2][195]
CU USA - Underwood, ND
(Coal Creek)
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 USA - Rockford, MN
(Dickinson)
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 687
(0/687)		 400 1000 1979 Thyr Supplier: ABB In 2004, control system upgrade by ABB [2][198]
Path 27 USA - Intermountain, UT
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 USA - Adelanto, CA
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 785
(0/785)		 ±500 1920 1986 Thyr Supplier: Asea
Quebec - New England Transmission Canada - Radisson, Quebec
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Canada - Nicolet, QC
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".;
USA - Ayer, MA
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 1105
(5/1100)		 450 2250 1991 Thyr 3 terminalsScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
Converter stations near Windsor, Quebec and Monroe, New Hampshire were decommissioned in 2007.

Supplier: ABB

[2]
Cross Sound Cable USA - New Haven, Connecticut
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 USA - Shoreham, New York
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 40
(40/0)		 150 330 2002 IGBT Buried underwater cable
Supplier: ABB 		[199]
Neptune Cable USA - Long Island (Hicksville) NY
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 USA -Sayreville, NJ
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 105
(105/0)		 500 660 2007 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [200]
Trans Bay Cable USA - Pittsburg, California
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 USA - San Francisco, CA
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 85
(85/0)		 200 400 2010 IGBT First HVDC system using Modular Multi-Level Converter

Supplier: Siemens, Pirelli

[201][202][203]
Eastern Alberta Transmission Line Canada – Newell, AB Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Canada – Heathfield, AB Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 485 (0/485) 500 1000 2015/2016 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [204]
Western Alberta Transmission Line Canada – Genesee, AB Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Canada – Langdon, AB Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 350 (0/350) 500 1000 2015 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [204][205]
Nelson River Bipole 3 Canada - Keewatinohk, Manitoba
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Canada - Riel, Manitoba
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 1324
(0/1324)		 500 2000 2018 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [2][195]
Labrador-Island Link Canada - Muskrat Falls, NL Canada - Soldiers Pond, NL 1135
(35/1100)		 350 900 2017 Thyr Drilling for cable landfall began in 2014.
Supplier: Alstom Grid		 [206][207]
Maritime Link Canada - Bottom Brook, NL Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Canada - Woodbine, NS
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 360
(170/190)		 200 500 2017 IGBT Right-of-way clearing began in 2014.
Supplier: ABB		 [208][209][210][211]
New England Clean Power Link USA - Alburgh, VT USA - Ludlow, VT 248
(248/0)		 320 1000 ? Connects to Quebec [212][213][214][215]
TransWest Express USA – Sinclair, WY USA – Boulder City, NV 1165
(0/1165)		 600 3000 2027 Ground breaking in 2023 [216][217][218]
Grain Belt Express USA - Ford County, KS USA - Sullivan County, IN 750

(0/750)

600 5000 ? [219][220]
SOO Green USA - Mason City, Iowa USA - Plano, Illinois 563 525 2100 2023 Buried along railroad right-of-way
Supplier: Siemens		 [221]
Clean Path NY USA - Upstate New York USA - New York City 280 345/400 1300 2022 [222]
Champlain Hudson Power Express Canada–New York border USA - New York City 545 1250 2025 60% submarine under Lake Champlain and 40% underground [223]
New England Clean Energy Connect USA - Beattie Twp, ME USA - Lewiston, ME 314 320 1200 2024 [224]
SunZia Transmission USA – Torrance County, NM USA – Pinal County, AZ 880 525 3000 2026 Project combined with 3,500 MW wind project [225]

South America

<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />NameScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Nominal
Voltage
(kV)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Power (MW)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />YearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 Type
 Remarks
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />RefScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Itaipu 1 Brazil - Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Brazil - São Roque, São Paulo
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 785
(0/785)		 600 3150 1984 Thyr Supplier: ABB  [2]
Itaipu 2 Brazil - Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Brazil - São Roque, São Paulo
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 805
(0/805)		 600 3150 1987 Thyr Supplier: ABB  [2]
Rio Madeira Brazil, Porto Velho
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 Brazil, Araraquara
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 2375
(0/2375)		 600 7100 2013 Thyr The longest transmission link in the world
Suppliers: ABB, Alstom 		[226]
Xingu-Estreito (aka, Belo Monte 1) Brazil - Anapu, Pará Brazil - Ibiraci, Minas Gerais 2077 (0/2077) 800 4000 2017 Thyr Supplier: SIEMENS [227]
Xingu-Rio (aka, Belo Monte 2) Brazil - Pará Brazil - Rio de Janeiro 2550 800 4000 2019 Thyr Supplier: NARI/XD/CET [227]

Back to back

<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />NameScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 Location
<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Nominal
Voltage
(kV)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Power (MW)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />YearScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
 Type
 Remarks
 <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />RefScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Carnegie Steel Company B2B USA - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ? ? ? Merc built for an interconnection between 60 Hz-utility system and a 25 Hz System, dismantled [228]
Sakuma B2B Japan - Sakuma
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 125 300 1965 Merc replaced in 1993 by new converter using light-triggered thyristors
Eel River B2B Canada - Eel River, NB
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 80 320 1972 Thyr life extension project 2014  [229][230]
David A. Hamil B2B USA - Stegall, Nebraska
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 ±50 100 1977 Thyr Supplier: GE  
Shin Shinano B2B Japan - Shin Shinano
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 125 600 1977 Thyr Supplier: Toshiba, Hitachi
Acaray B2B Paraguay - Ciudad de Este
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 25.6 50 1981 Thyr  
Vyborg B2B Russia - Vyborg
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 ±85 1065 1982 Thyr extended up to 1420 MW in 2001
Dürnrohr B2B Austria - Dürnrohr
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 145 550 1983 Thyr shut down in October 1996, dismantled in 2007
Artesia, New Mexico (Eddy County HVDC B2B) B2B USA - Artesia, NM
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 82 200 1983 Thyr  
Chateauguay B2B Canada – Châteauguay, QC
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 140 1000 1984 Thyr  Control system upgrade by ABB in 2009 [231][232]
Oklaunion B2B USA - Oklaunion, TX
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 82 200 1984 Thyr ABB replacement in 2014 [233][234]

 

Blackwater, New Mexico B2B USA - Blackwater, NM
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 57 200 1984 Thyr  Valve cooling and control systems upgrade by ABB in 2009 [235][236]
Madawaska, Quebec B2B Canada - Dégelis, QC
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 140 350 1985 Thyr  
Miles City, Montana B2B USA - Miles City, MT
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 82 200 1985 Thyr  
Highgate, VT B2B USA - Highgate, VT
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 56 200 1985 Thyr Refurbishment by ABB in 2012, [237] 
Uruguaiana B2B Brazil - Uruguaiana
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 17.9 53.9 1986 Thyr  
Broken Hill B2B Australia - Broken Hill
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 8.33 40 1986 Thyr  
Virginia Smith B2B USA - Sidney, NE
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 50 200 1988 Thyr   [238]
Vindhyachal B2B India - Vindhyachal
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 176 500 1989 Thyr  
McNeill B2B Canada - Mc Neill, AB
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 42 150 1989 Thyr Supplier: Alstom
Wolmirstedt B2B Germany - Wolmirstedt
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 160 600 (1992) Thyr construction work was stopped after reunification, static inverter hall is today part of a recycling yard
Etzenricht B2B Germany - Etzenricht
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 160 600 1993 Thyr shut down in October 1995, dismantled in 2009
Vienna-Southeast B2B Austria - Vienna
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 142 600 1993 Thyr shut down in October 1996, dismantled in 2007
Chandrapur B2B India - Chandrapur
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 205 2x500 1998 Thyr Supplier: Alstom
Welsh HVDC Converter Station B2B USA - Titus County, TX
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 162 600 1998 Thyr  
Garabi HVDC Brazil - Garabi
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 ±70 2200 1999 Thyr Brazil-Argentina Interconnection. Supplier: ABB In 2002, the second phase 'Garabi 2' was supplied by ABB . [239]
Vizag 1 India - Visakhapatnam Gazuwaka
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 205 500 1999 Thyr Supplier: Alstom
Minami-Fukumitsu B2B Japan - Minami - Fukumitsu
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 125 300 1999 Thyr  
Rivera B2B Uruguay - Rivera
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 22 70 2000 Thyr Supplier: Alstom
Eagle Pass, Texas B2B USA - Eagle Pass, TX
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 15.9 36 2000 IGBT  
Sasaram B2B India - Sasaram
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 205 500 2003 Thyr Supplier: Alstom
Rapid City DC Tie B2B USA - Rapid City, SD
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 13 200 2003 Thyr [240][241]
Vizag 2 India - Visakhapatnam
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 176 500 2005 Thyr   Installed at Gazuwaka. Supplier:ABB. This is similar in specs to Vizag I and connects the Eastern and Southern grids. [242]
Lingbao B2B China - Lingbao
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 168 360 2005 Thyr  Supplier: NR(Protection&Control), Extension project 2010:  Supplier: ABB;C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd [243][244]
Lamar Co., Colorado B2B USA - Lamar, CO
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 63.6 210 2005 Thyr Supplier: Siemens; Combination of B2B HVDC & Grid Power Flow Controller (GPFC) [245]
Higashi-Shimuzu B2B Japan - Shimuzu
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 125 300 2006 Thyr  
Sharyland B2B USA - Mission, TX
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 21 150 2007 Thyr  
Al Fadhili B2B Saudi Arabia - Al Fadhili
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 222 3x600 2008 Thyr Used mainly for Dynamic Reserve Power Sharing rather than economic energy transfer. Supplier: Alstom [246]
Outaouais B2B Canada - Buckingham, QC
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 315 2x625 2009 Thyr   Expected completion 2009. Supplier:ABB [58]
Heihe B2B China - Heihe
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 ±125 750 2011 Thyr  Supplier: NR(Protection&Control)[247]
Gaoling B2B China - Gaoling
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 ±500 1500 2008 Thyr
Shandong - East B2B China 1200 2011 Thyr
Melo B2B Uruguay - Melo
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 ±79 500 2011 Thyr Supplier:Alstom
North - Central B2B China 1000 2012 Thyr
Rio Madeira B2B Brazil – Porto Velho
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 100 600 2013 Thyr Supplier: ABB[248] [249][250][251][252]
Ridgefield B2B ( Hudson Project) USA - Ridgefield, NJ
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 185 660 2013 Thyr Supplier: Siemens[253]
Bheramara B2B Bangladesh – Bheramara Script error: No such module "Coordinates". 158 500 2013 Thyr
Akhaltsikhe B2B Georgia - Akhaltsikhe
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 96 700 2013 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [254]
Mackinac B2B USA - Saint Ignace, MI
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 70 200 2014 IGBT Supplier: ABB [255]
Railroad DC Tie USA - Mission, TX
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 21 150 2014 Thyr  
Alytus B2B Lithuania - Alytus
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 ±70 500 2015 Thyr [256]
Mogocha B2B Russia - Mogocha
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 ±32 2x100 2017 IGBT   [257]
Yu - E B2B China-Chongqing, China-Hubei ±420 4x1250 2017 VSC-HVDC Supplier: XJ Group Corporation(2x1250MW), C-EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd(1x1250MW), Rongxin Power Electronic Co., Ltd. (1x1250MW)
Khani B2B Russia - Khani
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 ±32 2x100 2019 IGBT   [257]
Van B2B Turkiye - İran
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 420 600 2021 IGBT Supplier:NR-TEIAS  
Bentwisch B2B Germany - Bentwisch
Script error: No such module "Coordinates".		 ±140 410 2019 IGBT  
Tres Amigas SuperStation USA - Clovis, NM ? 5000 ? IGBT

Maps

Africa

Template:Maplink

Australia and Oceania

Template:Maplink

Europe

Template:Maplink

North America

Template:Maplink

South America

Template:Maplink

See also

Script error: No such module "Portal".

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av HVDC Projects List, March 2012 - Existing or Under Construction (PDF) Script error: No such module "webarchive"., Ece.uidaho.edu, accessed in February 2014
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ world's first multi-terminal VSC HVDC transmission project Script error: No such module "webarchive"., accessed in February 2014
  28. ↑ world's first multi-terminal VSC HVDC transmission project , accessed in February 2014 Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ [1]Script error: No such module "Unsubst"., Alstom Press Release, 7 July 2014.
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Zhoushan Multi-terminal DC Interconnection, accessed in February 2014 Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Kingsnorth Power Station brochure on the DC system (Kingsnorth to London HVDC power reinforcement scheme - dated 1975)
  50. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".Template:Cbignore
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Kabel til Holland – COBRA
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ New strategic interconnection Italy-France for Terna R. I. and RTE Script error: No such module "webarchive"., Prysmian Press Release, 26 March 2015.
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  129. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  132. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ Cable to England – Viking Link
  134. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  137. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  138. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  139. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  140. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  141. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  142. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  143. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  144. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  145. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  146. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  147. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  148. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  149. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  150. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  151. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  152. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  153. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  154. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  155. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  156. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  157. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  158. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  159. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  160. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  161. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  162. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  163. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  164. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  165. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  166. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  167. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  168. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  169. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  170. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  171. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  172. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  173. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  174. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  175. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  176. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  177. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  178. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  179. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  180. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  181. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  182. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  183. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  184. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  185. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  186. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  187. ↑ Fingrid and Svenska kraftnät initiate planning for Fenno-Skan 3 submarine cable between Finland and Sweden
  188. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  189. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  190. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  191. ↑ James A. Besha, The historic Mechanicville Hydroelectric Station part 2, IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MAGAZINE Mar/Apr 2007, page 8
  192. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  193. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  194. ↑ a b c Siemens HVDC Reference List Script error: No such module "webarchive"., Energy.siemens.com, accessed in February 2014.
  195. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  196. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  197. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  198. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  199. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  200. ↑ Westerweller T., Friedrich, K., Armonies, U., Orini, A., Parquet, D., Wehn, S., Trans Bay cable – world's first HVDC system using multilevel voltage-sourced converter, CIGRÉ session, Paris, 2010, paper reference B4-101
  201. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  202. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  203. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  204. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  205. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  206. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  207. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  208. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  209. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  210. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  211. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  212. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  213. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  214. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  215. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  216. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  217. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  218. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  219. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  220. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  221. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  222. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  223. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  224. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  225. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  226. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  227. ↑ [2] Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  228. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  229. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  230. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  231. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  232. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  233. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  234. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  235. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  236. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  237. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  238. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  239. ↑ [3] Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  240. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  241. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  242. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  243. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  244. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  245. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  246. ↑ [4] Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  247. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  248. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  249. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  250. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore
  251. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  252. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  253. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  254. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  255. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  256. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Sources

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Template:Lists of high-voltage transmission links

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