List of English words of Old Norse origin

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:SpecialChars Template:Old Norse topics Words of Old Norse origin have entered the English language, primarily from the contact between Old Norse and Old English during colonisation of eastern and northern England between the mid 9th to the 11th centuries (see also Danelaw). Many of these words are part of English core vocabulary, such as egg or knife. There are hundreds of such words, and the list below does not aim at completeness.

To be distinguished from loan words which date back to the Old English period are modern Old Norse loans originating in the context of Old Norse philology, such as kenning (1871),Template:Efn and loans from modern Icelandic (such as geyser, 1781). Yet another class comprises loans from Old Norse into Old French, which via Anglo-Norman were then indirectly loaned into Middle English; an example is flâneur, via French from the Old Norse verb Script error: No such module "Lang". "to wander aimlessly".

Template:Compact ToC

A

ado
influenced by Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". ("to", infinitive marker) which was used with English "do" in certain English dialects[1]
aloft
  • Script error: No such module "Lang". ("=in, on, to") + Script error: No such module "Lang". ("=air, atmosphere, sky, heaven, upper floor, loft")[2]
  • English provenance = c 1200 AD
anger
  • Script error: No such module "Lang". ("=trouble, affliction"); root Script error: No such module "Lang". (="strait, straitened, troubled")[3]
  • English provenance = c 1250 AD
are
merger of Old English (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang".) and Old Norse (Script error: No such module "Lang".) cognates[4]
auk
A type of Arctic seabird.[5]
awe
  • Script error: No such module "Lang". ("=terror")[6]
  • English provenance = c 1205 AD (as Script error: No such module "Lang"., an early form of the word resulting from the influence of Old Norse on an existing Anglo-Saxon form, Script error: No such module "Lang".)
awesome
From the same Norse root as "awe".[7]
awful
From the same Norse root as "awe".[8]
awkward
the first element is from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". ("=turned-backward"), the '-ward' part is from Old English Script error: No such module "Lang".[9]
awn
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang".[10]
axle
May be a combination of Old English Script error: No such module "Lang". and Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="axis")[11]

B

bag
Script error: No such module "Lang".[12]
bait
Script error: No such module "Lang".[13]
band
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="rope")[14]
bank (geography)
from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang"., Old Danish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="sandbank").[15]
bark
Script error: No such module "Lang".[16]
bash
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to strike")[17]
bask
Script error: No such module "Lang". reflex. of Script error: No such module "Lang". "bathe" (Script error: No such module "Lang".)[18]
bat (animal)
probably related to Old Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang"., Old Danish Script error: No such module "Lang". "night bat," and Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". "bat," literally "leather flapper".[19]
berserk
Script error: No such module "Lang"., lit. 'bear-shirt', (alt. Script error: No such module "Lang"., 'bare-shirt') frenzied warriors[20]
billow
Script error: No such module "Lang".[21]
birth
Script error: No such module "Lang".[22]
blather
Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="mutter, wag the tongue")[23]
bleak
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="pale")[24]
blend
Possibly from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to mix")[25]
blister
From a Scandinavian source via Old French[26]
bloat
From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="soaked, soft from being cooked in liquid")[27]
bloom
"blossom of a plant," c. 1200, a northern word, from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". "flower, blossom".[28]
blunder
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="shut one's eye")[29]
boast
Probably from a Scandinavian source via Anglo-French[30]
bole
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="tree trunk")[31]
both
Script error: No such module "Lang".[32]
boon
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="a petition, prayer")[33]
booth
From Old Danish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="temporary dwelling"), from East Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to dwell")[34]
boulder
from a Scandinavian source akin to Swedish dialectal Script error: No such module "Lang". "noisy stone" (large stone in a stream, causing water to roar around it), from Script error: No such module "Lang". "to roar" + Script error: No such module "Lang". "stone".[35]
brink
Possibly related to Danish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="steepness, shore, bank, grassy edge")[36]
brisket
perhaps from Old French Script error: No such module "Lang"., with identical sense of the English word, or from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". "gristle, cartilage" (related to Script error: No such module "Lang". "breast") or Danish Script error: No such module "Lang".[37]
brunt
Likely from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="sexual heat") or Script error: No such module "Lang". =("to advance like wildfire")[38]
bulk
Script error: No such module "Lang".[39]
bull
Script error: No such module "Lang".[40]
bump
Perhaps from Scandinavian, probably echoic[41]
bunker
possibly from a Scandinavian source such as bunke "boards used to protect the cargo of a ship"[42]
bur
From a Scandinavian source related to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="bristle")[43]
bylaw
Script error: No such module "Lang". ('by'=village; 'lög'=law; 'village-law')[44]

C

cake
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="cake")[45]
call
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="cry loudly")[46]
cart
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". or a similar Scandinavian source[47]
cast
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to throw")[48]
chubby
Perhaps influenced by Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". "log", Script error: No such module "Lang". "stumpy".[49]
clip
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to cut")[50]
club
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="cudgel")[51]
clumsy
From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="make speechless, palsy; prevent from speaking")[52]
cog
Probably a Scandinavian borrowing, related to Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang".[53]
cozy
Likely of Scandinavian origin via Scots, perhaps related to Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang".[54]
crawl
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to claw")[55]
craze
Possibly from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="shatter") via Old French Script error: No such module "Lang".[56]
creek
Script error: No such module "Lang". ("corner, nook") through ME Script error: No such module "Lang". ("narrow inlet in a coastline") altered from Script error: No such module "Lang". perhaps influenced by Anglo-Norman Script error: No such module "Lang". itself from a Scandinavian source via Norman-French[57]
crochet
from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". "hook" via French Script error: No such module "Lang". "small hook; canine tooth"[58]
crocket
from the same Norse root as "crochet" via French.[59]
crook
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="hook-shaped instrument or weapon")[60]
crotch
from Old North French Script error: No such module "Lang". "shepherd's crook," variant of Script error: No such module "Lang". "hook," from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". "hook".[61]
crotchet, crotchety
from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". "hook" via Old French Script error: No such module "Lang"..[62][63]
crouch
from the same Norse root as "crochet" via French.[64]
cur
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to growl")[65]
cut
Possibly from North Germanic *kut-[66]

D

dangle
Probably from Scandinavian, related to Danish Script error: No such module "Lang"., Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to swing about") and Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang".[67]
dank
Related to Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="moist place") and Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to moisten")[68]
dash, dashing
Probably from a Scandinavian source (compare Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang"., Danish Script error: No such module "Lang". "to beat, strike")[69]
dastard, dastardly
Probably from Script error: No such module "Lang"., "dazed," past participle of Script error: No such module "Lang". "to daze" or the equivalent past participle in Old Norse + deprecatory suffix Script error: No such module "Lang"..[70]
daze, dazed
Perhaps from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang".[71]
die
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="pass away")[72]
ding
The meaning "to deal heavy blows" is c. 1300, probably from Old Norse dengja "to hammer," and is probably ultimately imitative.[73]
dirt
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="feces")[74]
down (feathers)
"first feathers of a baby bird; soft covering of fowls under the feathers, the under-plumage of birds," used for stuffing pillows and feather-beds, mid-14c., from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang"., which is of uncertain origin.[75]
doze
Probably from a Scandinavian source (compare Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". "to doze," Danish Script error: No such module "Lang". "to make dull," Swedish dialectal Script error: No such module "Lang". "to sleep").[76]
dregs
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="sediment")[77]
droop
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to drop, sink, hang (the head)")[78]
dump
Possibly related to Danish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="fall hard"), Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to fall suddenly"), and Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to beat"). Not found in Old English. [79]

E

egg
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="egg")[80]
eider
a type of duck.
equip, equipment
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="organize, arrange, place in order") through Middle French Script error: No such module "Lang"., from Old French Script error: No such module "Lang". "fit out a ship, load on board",[81] itself from Norman-French Script error: No such module "Lang".[82]

F

fell (geography)
from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". "mountain"[83]
fellow
Script error: No such module "Lang".[84]
filly
Possibly from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang"., fem. of Script error: No such module "Lang". (="foal")[85]
fir
from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". "fir" or Old Danish Script error: No such module "Lang"..[86]
firth
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". via Scottish[87]
fjord
From Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang"., from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="an inlet, estuary")[88]
flag
Probably from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to flicker, flutter, hang loose")[89]
flaneur
Script error: No such module "Lang". ("to wander aimlessly") + French suffix Script error: No such module "Lang". through (19th cent.) French Script error: No such module "Lang"., itself from Norman-French Script error: No such module "Lang".[90][91]
flat
Script error: No such module "Lang".[92]
flaunt
Related to Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="loosely, flutteringly") and Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to waver")[93]
flaw
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="stone slab, layer of stone")[94]
fleck
Probably from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to spot, stain, cover with spots")[95]
fling
Probably from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang".[96]
flit
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="cause to fit")[97]
floe
From Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang". (="layer, slab") from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang".[98]
flounder
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". via Anglo-French Script error: No such module "Lang".[99]
fluster
Probably from a Scandinavian source related to Icelandic Script error: No such module "Lang". (="fluster")[100]
fog
from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". through Danish Script error: No such module "Lang"., meaning "spray", "shower", "snowdrift"[101]
fond
uncertain but perhaps from Scandinavian[102]
fro
from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="from)[103]
freckle
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="freckles")[104]
fun
from the same source as "fond"[105]

G

gab
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to mock") through Northern England dialect, Scottish or Norman-French[106][107]
gable
from Old French Script error: No such module "Lang". "facade, front, gable," from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". "gable, gable-end" (in north of England, the word probably is directly from Norse).[108]
gad
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="spike, nail")[109][110]
gag
Perhaps influenced by Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="with head thrown back") [111]
gain
from Germanic and from Old Norse via Old French.[112]
gait
Related to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="way, road, path")[113]
gale
Perhaps from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="breeze") or Old Danish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="bad, furious")[114]
gang
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="act of going, a group of men")[115]
gap
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="chasm")[116]
gape
From an unrecorded English word or from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to open the mouth wide, gape")[117]
gasp
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to yawn")[118]
gaunt
Perhaps from a Scandinavian source[119]
gawk
from Middle English Script error: No such module "Lang"., from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to heed")[120]
gear
from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="apparel, gear")[121]
geld
from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to castrate")[122]
gelding
from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="wether; eunuch")[123]
get
Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". (got), Script error: No such module "Lang". (gotten)[124]
geyser
from Icelandic Script error: No such module "Lang"., from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to gush")[125]
gift
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="dowry")[126]
gill
Possibly related to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang".[127]
girth
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="circumference, cinch")[128]
give
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to give")[129]
glitter
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to glitter")[130]
gloat
From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to grin, smile scornfully and show the teeth")[131]
gosling
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="goose")[132]
grovel
Shakespearean term originating from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang".[133]
guest
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="guest")[134]
gun
from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (female name, both elements of the name, Script error: No such module "Lang". and Script error: No such module "Lang"., have the meaning "war, battle")[135]
gust
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="gust")[136]

H

haggle
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to chop")[137]
hail
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="health, prosperity, good luck")[138]
hank
Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="a hank, coil")[139]
hap, happy
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="chance, good luck, fate")[140]
harness
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="provisions for an army") via Old French Script error: No such module "Lang".[141]
harsh
probably from Middle English Script error: No such module "Lang". "rough, coarse, sour" (c. 1300), a northern word of Scandinavian origin.[142]
haunt
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to bring back home") through Anglo-Norman Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to reside", "to frequent"), (Old) French Script error: No such module "Lang". from Norman Script error: No such module "Lang"..[143][144]
haven
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="haven, harbor")[145]
hit
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to find")[146]
how (or howe)
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="barrow, small hill") Usage preserved mainly in place names[147]
husband
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="master of the house")[148]
hug
Possibly from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to comfort")[149]

I

ill
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="bad")[150]
irk
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to work")[151]

J

jökulhlaup
from Icelandic Script error: No such module "Lang". from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". and Script error: No such module "Lang"..
jarl
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang".[152]

K

kedge
Probably from a Scandinavian source or related to "cadge"[153]
keg
From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="keg, cask")[154]
keel
Script error: No such module "Lang".[155]
kenning
a descriptive phrase used in Germanic poetry, a modern learned word from Old Norse kenning in a special sense.[156]
kick
Of uncertain origin, perhaps from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="bend backwards, sink at the knees")[157]
kid
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="young goat")[158]
kidnap
From kid + a variant of nab, both of which are of Scandinavian origin.[159]
kilt
From Middle English Script error: No such module "Lang"., from a Scandinavian source[160]
kindle
Script error: No such module "Lang".[161]
knife
Script error: No such module "Lang".[162]

L

lad
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="young man (unlikely)")[163]
lag
Possibly from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang". (="go slowly")[164]
lass
From a Scandinavian source related to Old Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="unmarried woman") or Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="idle, weak")[165]
lathe
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to load")[166]
law
Script error: No such module "Lang".[167]
leg
Script error: No such module "Lang".[168]
lemming
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". via Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang".[169]
lift
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to raise")[170]
likely
Script error: No such module "Lang".[171]
link
Script error: No such module "Lang".[172]
litmus
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="lichen for dyeing", lita ="to stain")[173]
loan
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to lend")[174]
loft
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="an upper room or floor : attic, air, sky")[175]
loose
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="loose/free")[176]
lope
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to run, leap, spring up")[177]
low
Script error: No such module "Lang".[178]
lug
From Scandinavian, related to Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang". and Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to pull by the hair")[179]

M

meek
From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (='soft, pliant, gentle')[180]
midden
Of Scandinavian origin, related to Danish Script error: No such module "Lang".[181]
mink
From a Scandinavian source, related to Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="a stinking animal in Finland")[182]
mire
Script error: No such module "Lang". (='bog')[183]
mistake
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="miscarry")[184]
mold (fungus)
related to Old Norse mygla "grow moldy"[185]
muck
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="cow dung")[186]
mug
Script error: No such module "Lang".[187]
muggy
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="drizzle, mist")[188]

N

nab
Probably a variant of dialectal nap "to seize, catch, lay hold of", which possibly is from Scandinavian.[189]
nag
Probably ultimately from a Scandinavian source, related to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to complain," literally "to bite, gnaw")[190]
narwhal
From Danish and Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang"., probably a metathesis of Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang"., literally "corpse-whale," from Script error: No such module "Lang". "corpse"[191]
nasty
Likely related to Swedish dialectal and Danish naskug, nasket "dirty, nasty".[192]
nay, naysayer
From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang".[193]
niggard, niggardly
Perhaps from a Scandinavian source related to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang"., possibly via French[194]
Norman, Normandy
from Old Norse through Old French, meaning "northman", due to Viking settlement in Normandy region[195]
nudge
Perhaps from Scandinavian, related to Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to jostle, rub") and Icelandic Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to rub, massage")[196]

O

oaf
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="elf")[197]
odd
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="third number", "the casting vote")[198]
ombudsman
from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". through Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang"., meaning "commissary", "representative", "steward"[199]
outlaw
Script error: No such module "Lang".[200]

P

peen
Probably from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang". and Old Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang".[201]
plough, plow
Script error: No such module "Lang".[202]
prod
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="shaft, spike")[203]

Q

queasy
Possibly from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="a boil") (Middle English Compendium compares Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". "bowel pains").[204]

R

race
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to race", "to run", "to rush", "to move swift")[205]
raft
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="log")[206]
rag
Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="shaggy tuft, rough hair")[207]
ragged
Related to "rag", perhaps from or reinforced by Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="shaggy").[208]
ragtag
From rag + tag, both component words being of Scandinavian origin.[209]
raise
Script error: No such module "Lang".[210]
ransack
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to search the house")[211]
reef
Likely from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="ridge in the sea; reef in a sail") via Dutch Script error: No such module "Lang".[212]
regret
Script error: No such module "Lang". ("to weep, groan") + French prefix Script error: No such module "Lang". through Old French Script error: No such module "Lang"., itself from Old Norman-French Script error: No such module "Lang"., influenced by Old English Script error: No such module "Lang".[213][91]
reindeer
Script error: No such module "Lang".[214]
rid
Possibly from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to clear (land) of obstructions")[215]
rift
Related to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (=""to tear apart, break a contract")[216]
rig
Probably from a Scandinavian source. May be related to Danish/Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to equip") and Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to rig, harness")[217]
rive
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to scratch, plow, tear")[218]
root
Script error: No such module "Lang".[219]
rotten
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="decayed")[220]
rug
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="shaggy tuft")[221]
rugged
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="shaggy tuft")[222]
rump
From a Scandinavian source related to Danish/Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang". and Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang".[223]

S

saga
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="story, tale")[224]
sale
Script error: No such module "Lang".[225]
same
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="same")[226]
scale
(for weighing) from Script error: No such module "Lang". (="bowl, drinking cup", or in plural "weighing scale" referring to the cup or pan part of a balance) in early English used to mean "cup"[227]
scalp
From a Scandinavian source related to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="a bald head") or Script error: No such module "Lang". (="sheath, scabbard")[228]
scant
Script error: No such module "Lang". and Script error: No such module "Lang". (="short, lacking")[229]
scare
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to frighten)[230]
scarf
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="fastening joint") ("scarf" and "scarves" have possibly been reintroduced to modern SwedishScript error: No such module "Unsubst". in their English forms as slang, but Swedes almost always use the compound "neck-cloth" (hals-duk).[231]
scathe
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to hurt, injure")[232]
scoff
From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="mockery, ridicule")[233]
scofflaw
From scoff + law, both of which are of Old Norse origin.[234]
scold
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="poet")[235]
scorch
Perhaps from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to be shriveled"). It was previously thought to be from Old French, but this is now considered unlikely.[236]
score
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="notch"; "twenty")[237]
scowl
Probably from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang". (="look furtively, squint, look embarrassed") and Danish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to scowl, cast down the eyes")[238]
scrag
Related to Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang". "a lean person;" dialectal Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang". "a great, dry tree; a long, lean man," Script error: No such module "Lang". "old and torn thing," Danish Script error: No such module "Lang". "hull of a ship; carcass," Icelandic Script error: No such module "Lang"., a nickname of the fox[239]
scrap
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="scraps, trifles") from Script error: No such module "Lang".[240]
scrape
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to scrape, erase")[241]
scrawny
Of uncertain origin but probably from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to shrivel")[242]
scree
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="landslide")[243]
scuff, scuffle
Probably from a Scandinavian source related to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to shove, push aside"), via Scottish[244]
seat
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="seat, position")[245]
seem
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to conform")[246]
shrimp
Probably from or related to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="thin person")[247]
shrivel
Perhaps from a Scandinavian source and related to Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to wrinkle, to shrivel")[248]
shrug
perhaps connected to Danish Script error: No such module "Lang". "to stoop, crouch."[249]
silt
Probably from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian and Danish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="salt marsh") and Old Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="mud")[250]
skate
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="fish")[251]
skeet
ultimately from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to shoot")[252]
skerry
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang".[253]
skewer
Possibly from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="a cut, slice")[254]
ski
From Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang"., related to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="long snowshoe")[255]
skid
Probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="stick of wood")[256]
skill
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="distinction")[257]
skin
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="animal hide")[258]
skip
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to skip, run)[259]
skit
Perhaps ultimately from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to shoot, move quickly")[260]
skitter, skittish
Perhaps relate to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang".[261]
skirt
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="shirt")[262]
skive
From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to cut, split")[263]
skrike
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to scream")[264]
skua
from Faroese Script error: No such module "Lang"., related to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="seagull, tuft, tassel"), and possibly to Script error: No such module "Lang". (="fox's tail").[265]
skull
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="head")[266]
sky
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="cloud")[267]
skyscraper
From sky + scrape, both of which originate from Old Norse[268]
slam
From a Scandinavian source, ultimately of imitative origin.[269]
slant
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to throw carelessly")[270]
slaughter
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="butchering")[271]
slaver
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="slaver")[272]
sledge
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="sledgehammer")[273]
sleight
Script error: No such module "Lang".[274]
sleuth
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="trail")[275]
slight
Probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="smooth, sleek")[276]
sling
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang".[277]
slob
From a Scandinavian source via Irish[278]
slot
Perhaps from Old Norse sloð "trail" via Old French esclot "hoofprint of a deer or horse".[279]
slouch
Related to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". ("lazy fellow")[280]
slump
Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Norwegian and Danish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="fall upon,") Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang".; perhaps ultimately of imitative origin.[281]
slush
Perhaps from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian and Danish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="slushy ground")[282]
sly
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="cunning, crafty, sly")[283]
smithy
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang".[284]
snag
From a Scandinavian source, related Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="clothes peg")[285]
snare
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="noose, snare")[286]
snape
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to outrage, dishonor, disgrace")[287]
snipe
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang".[288]
sniper
From English snipe, which was derived from Old Norse[289]
snub
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to curse")[290]
snug, snuggle
Perhaps from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="short-haired")[291]
spike
perhaps from or related to a Scandinavian word, such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". "splinter," Middle Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang". "nail".[292]
sprint
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to jump up")[293]
squabble
probably from a Scandinavian source and of imitative origin[294]
squall
Probably from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to cry out")[295]
stack
From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="haystack")[296]
stagger
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to push")[297]
stain
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to paint")[298]
steak
Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to fry")[299]
stern (nautical)
probably from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". "a steering," related to or derived from Script error: No such module "Lang". "to guide".[300]
stoup
From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="cup")[301]
stumble
Probably from a Scandinavian source, may be related to Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang"., Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to stumble")[302]
swag
From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to swing, sway")[303]
swain
from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". "boy, servant, attendant".[304]
sway
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to bend, swing, give way")[305]

T

tag
Probably from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian Script error: No such module "Lang". (="point, prong, barb") and Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang". (="prickle, thorn")[306]
tangle
From a Scandinavian source, possibly related to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang".[307]
take
Script error: No such module "Lang".[308]
tarn
Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang".[309]
tatter
From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="rags, tatters, tattered garment")[310]
teem
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to empty")[311]
tern
From a Scandinavian source akin via East Anglian dialect[312]
tether
Probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="tether")[313]
their
Script error: No such module "Lang".[314]
they
Script error: No such module "Lang".[315]
though
from Old English Script error: No such module "Lang"., and in part from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="though")[316]
thrall
Script error: No such module "Lang".[317]
thrift
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="prosperity")[318]
thrive
From a Scandinavian source akin to Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to thrive", originally "grasp to oneself")[319]
thrust
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to thrust, force")[320]
thwart
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="across")[321]
tidings
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="news of events")[322]
tight
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="watertight, close in texture, solid")[323]
till
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to, until")[324]
toft
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="homestead")[325]
toom
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="vacant time, leisure")
toss
Of uncertain origin, possibly from a Scandinavian source[326]
trash
Perhaps from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="rubbish, fallen leaves and twigs")[327]
troll
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="giant, fiend, demon"; further etymology is disputed)[328]
trust (verb)
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="help, confidence")[329]
tryst
from Old French Script error: No such module "Lang". (="waiting place, appointed station in hunting"), probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to trust, make firm").[330]
tyke
From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="bitch")[331]

U

ugly
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="Dreadfull, repulsive")[332]
until
from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="as far as, up to") and Script error: No such module "Lang". (="until, up to")[333]

V

valkyrie
from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang"., literally "chooser of the slain," from Script error: No such module "Lang". (="those slain in battle") + Script error: No such module "Lang". (="chooser"), from ablaut root of Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to choose")[334]
viking
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="one who came from the fjords", Script error: No such module "Lang". = small and not deep fjord)[335]
vole
Probably from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="field")[336]

W

wad
from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang".[337]
wag
Probably from a Scandinavian source related Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="a cradle")[338]
waif
Probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="waving thing, flag") via Anglo-French Script error: No such module "Lang".[339]
wail
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to lament")[340]
waive, waiver
from Anglo-French Script error: No such module "Lang". "to abandon, waive" (Old French Script error: No such module "Lang". "to abandon, give back"), probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". "to swing about".[341]
walrus
A loanword from Dutch, but probably ultimately an alteration of a Scandinavian word.[342]
wand
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="rod")[343]
want
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to lack")[344]
wapentake
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang".[345]
wassail
From Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="be healthy")[346]
weak
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="weak, pliant")[347]
wheeze
Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to hiss")[348]
whirl
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to go around")[349]
whisk
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="to plait")[350]
wicker
From a Scandinavian source, related to Danish Script error: No such module "Lang". and Middle Swedish Script error: No such module "Lang".[351]
wicket
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="bay") + French suffix Script error: No such module "Lang". through Anglo-Norman Script error: No such module "Lang"., itself from Old Norman-French Script error: No such module "Lang"., Norman-French Script error: No such module "Lang". > French Script error: No such module "Lang".[352][353]
wight
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="able in battle") – the other wight meaning "man" is from Old English[354]
wile
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="trick, craft, fraud")[355]
windlass
Script error: No such module "Lang". (= "windlass", literally "winding-pole"), through Old Norman / Anglo-Norman Script error: No such module "Lang"., from Script error: No such module "Lang". ("to wind") + Script error: No such module "Lang". ("pole").[356][357]
window
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="wind-eye") – although Script error: No such module "Lang". was more commonly used in Old Norse[358]
wing
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="a wing")[359]
wreck
From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang". (="wreck, flotsam"), via Anglo-Norman Script error: No such module "Lang".[360]
wrong
Script error: No such module "Lang". (="crooked, wry, wrong")[361]

Y

yaw
Perhaps ultimately from Old Norse Script error: No such module "Lang".[362]

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Sister project

Template:English words of foreign origin

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Elisabeth Ridel, Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française, éditions Errance, Paris, 2009, p. 198.
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ a b Elisabeth Ridel, Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française, éditions Errance, Paris, 2009.
  92. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Elisabeth Ridel, Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française, éditions Errance, Paris, 2009, pp. 213–214.
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  129. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  132. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  134. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  137. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  138. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  139. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  140. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  141. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  142. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  143. ↑ Elisabeth Ridel, Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française, éditions Errance, Paris, 2009, pp. 222–223.
  144. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  145. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  146. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  147. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  148. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  149. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  150. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  151. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  152. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  153. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  154. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  155. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  156. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  157. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  158. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  159. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  160. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  161. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  162. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  163. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  164. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  165. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  166. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  167. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  168. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  169. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  170. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  171. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  172. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  173. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  174. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  175. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  176. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  177. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  178. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  179. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  180. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  181. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  182. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  183. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  184. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  185. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  186. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  187. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  188. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  189. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  190. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  191. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  192. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  193. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  194. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  195. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  196. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  197. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  198. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  199. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  200. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  201. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  202. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  203. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  204. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  205. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  206. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  207. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  208. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  209. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  210. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  211. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  212. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  213. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  214. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  215. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  216. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  217. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  218. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  219. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  220. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  221. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  222. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  223. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  224. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  225. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  226. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  227. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  228. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  229. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  230. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  231. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  232. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  233. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  234. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  235. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  236. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  237. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  238. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  239. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  240. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  241. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  242. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  243. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  244. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  245. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  246. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  247. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  248. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  249. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  250. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  251. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  252. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  253. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  254. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  255. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  256. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  257. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  258. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  259. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  260. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  261. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  262. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  263. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  264. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  265. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  266. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  267. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  268. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  269. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  270. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  271. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  272. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  273. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  274. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  275. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  276. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  277. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  278. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  279. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  280. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  281. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  282. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  283. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  284. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  285. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  286. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  287. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  288. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  289. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  290. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  291. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  292. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  293. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  294. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  295. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  296. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  297. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  298. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  299. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  300. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  301. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  302. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  303. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  304. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  305. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  306. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  307. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  308. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  309. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  310. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  311. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  312. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  313. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  314. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  315. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  316. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  317. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  318. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  319. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  320. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  321. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  322. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  323. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  324. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  325. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  326. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  327. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  328. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  329. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  330. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  331. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  332. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  333. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  334. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  335. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  336. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  337. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  338. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  339. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  340. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  341. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  342. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  343. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  344. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  345. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  346. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  347. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  348. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  349. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  350. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  351. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  352. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  353. ↑ Elisabeth Ridel, Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française, éditions Errance, Paris, 2009, pp. 276–277.
  354. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  355. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  356. ↑ Hoad, TF (ed) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (1993) Oxford University Press Template:ISBN, p. 542a
  357. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  358. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  359. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  360. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  361. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  362. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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