List of sovereign states

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A long row of flags
Flags of the United Nations member and non-member GA observer states in front of the Palace of Nations in Geneva, Switzerland

The following is a list providing an overview of sovereign states around the world with information on their status and recognition of their sovereignty.

The 205 listed states can be divided into three categories based on membership within the United Nations System: 193 UN member states,[1] 2 UN General Assembly non-member observer states, and 10 other states. The sovereignty dispute column indicates states having undisputed sovereignty (189 states, of which there are 188 UN member states and one UN General Assembly non-member observer state), states having disputed sovereignty (14 states, of which there are 5 UN member states, 1 UN General Assembly non-member observer state, and 8 de facto states), and states having a special political status (two states, both in free association with New Zealand).

Compiling a list such as this can be complicated and controversial, as there is no definition that is binding on all the members of the community of nations concerning the criteria for statehood. For more information on the criteria used to determine the contents of this list, please see the criteria for inclusion section below. The list is intended to include entities that have been recognised as having de facto status as sovereign states, and inclusion should not be seen as an endorsement of any specific claim to statehood in legal terms.

Criteria for inclusion

The dominant customary international law standard of statehood is the declarative theory of statehood, which was codified by the Montevideo Convention of 1933. The Convention defines the state as a person of international law if it "possess[es] the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) a capacity to enter into relations with the other states" so long as it was not "obtained by force whether this consists in the employment of arms, in threatening diplomatic representations, or in any other effective coercive measure".[2]

Debate exists on the degree to which recognition should be included as a criterion of statehood. The declarative theory of statehood argues that statehood is purely objective and recognition of a state by other states is irrelevant. On the other end of the spectrum, the constitutive theory of statehood defines a state as a person under international law only if it is recognised as sovereign by other states. For the purposes of this list, included are all polities that consider themselves sovereign states (through a declaration of independence or some other means) and either:

  • are often regarded as satisfying the declarative theory of statehood, or
  • are recognised as a sovereign state by at least one UN member state

In some cases, there is a divergence of opinion over the interpretation of the first point, and whether an entity satisfies it is disputed. Unique political entities which fail to meet the classification of a sovereign state are considered proto-states.[3][4]

On the basis of the above criteria, this list includes the following 205 entities:Template:EfnTemplate:Efn

  • 204 states recognised by at least one UN member state
  • One state that satisfies the declarative theory of statehood and is recognised only by non-UN member states

The table includes bullets in the right-hand column representing entities that are either not sovereign states or have a close association to another sovereign state. It also includes subnational areas where the sovereignty of the titular state is limited by an international agreement. Taken together, these include:

  • Entities that are in a free association relationship with another state
  • Two entities controlled by Pakistan which are neither sovereign states, dependent territories, nor part of another state: Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan
  • Dependent territories of another state, as well as areas that exhibit many characteristics of dependent territories according to the dependent territory page
  • Subnational entities created by international agreements

Template:Compact ToC

List of states

UN member states and General Assembly observer states

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Common and formal names Membership within the UN SystemTemplate:Efn Sovereignty disputeTemplate:Efn Further information on status and recognition of sovereigntyTemplate:Efn
A Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of the Taliban.svg Afghanistan – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan A UN member state A None The ruling Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, in power since 2021, has not been recognised by the United Nations or any other state except Russia.[5] The defunct Template:Country data Islamic Republic of Afghanistan remains the recognised government.[6][7]
File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania – Republic of Albania A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra – Principality of Andorra A UN member state A None Andorra is a co-principality in which the office of head of state is jointly held ex officio by the French president and the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Urgell,[8] who himself is appointed with approval from the Holy See.
File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola – Republic of Angola A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda A UN member state A None Antigua and Barbuda is a Commonwealth realmTemplate:Efn with one autonomous region, Barbuda.[9]Template:Efn
File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina – Argentine RepublicTemplate:Efn A UN member state A None Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and one autonomous city.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia – Republic of Armenia A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia – Commonwealth of Australia A UN member state A None Australia is a Commonwealth realmTemplate:Efn and a federation of both states and territories. There are six states, three internal territories, six external territories and one claimed Antarctic external territory. The external territories of Australia are:
File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria – Republic of Austria A UN member state A None Member of the European Union.Template:Efn Austria is a federation of nine states.
File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan – Republic of AzerbaijanTemplate:Efn A UN member state A None Azerbaijan contains one autonomous region, Nakhchivan.Template:Efn
B Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas, The – Commonwealth of The Bahamas[10] A UN member state A None The Bahamas is a Commonwealth realm.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain – Kingdom of Bahrain A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus – Republic of Belarus A UN member state A None Many states rescinded their recognition of President Alexander Lukashenko following the disputed 2020 election. Lithuania currently recognises Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya's Coordination Council as the legitimate government of Belarus.[11]
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn Belgium is a federation of three linguistic communities and three regions.
File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize A UN member state A None Belize is a Commonwealth realm.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin – Republic of Benin A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia – Plurinational State of Bolivia A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina A UN member state A None Bosnia and Herzegovina has two constituent entities:

and Brčko District, a self-governing administrative district.[12]

File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana – Republic of Botswana A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil A UN member state A None Brazil is a federation of 26 states and one federal district.
File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei – Brunei Darussalam A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria – Republic of Bulgaria A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi – Republic of Burundi A UN member state A None
C Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg CanadaTemplate:Efn A UN member state A None Canada is a Commonwealth realmTemplate:Efn and a federation of 10 provinces and three territories.
File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde – Republic of Cabo VerdeTemplate:Efn A UN member state A None
File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad – Republic of Chad A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile – Republic of Chile A UN member state A None Chile has one special territory, Easter Island.Template:Efn
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China – People's Republic of ChinaTemplate:Efn A UN member state Partially unrecognised. Template:Claimedby China contains five autonomous regions, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Tibet, and Xinjiang.Template:Efn Additionally, it has sovereignty over two Special Administrative Regions:

China claims, but does not control, Taiwan, which is governed by a rival administration (the Republic of China) that claims all of China as its territory.Template:Efn

China is not recognised by [[Foreign relations of China#Countries without diplomatic relations with the PRC|Template:Numrec]] UN member states and Vatican City, which, with the exception of Bhutan, all recognise the Republic of China (Taiwan) instead.Template:Efn

File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia – Republic of Colombia A UN member state A None
File:Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros – Union of the Comoros A UN member state A None Comoros is a federation of three islands.Template:Efn
File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Congo, Democratic Republic of theTemplate:Efn A UN member state A None
File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Congo, Republic of theTemplate:Efn A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia – Republic of Croatia A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba – Republic of Cuba A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus A UN member state Not recognised by Turkey[13] Member of the EU.Template:Efn The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus.

Cyprus is not recognised by Turkey due to the Cyprus problem, with Turkey recognising Northern Cyprus.

File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech RepublicTemplate:Efn A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn
D Script error: No such module "anchor". Template:Country data Kingdom of Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn The Kingdom of Denmark includes two self-governing territories:

The metropolitan territory of Denmark, the Faroe Islands and Greenland form the three constituent countries of the Kingdom.Template:Efn The Kingdom of Denmark as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law (in most cases) does not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland. See Greenland and the European Union, and Faroe Islands and the European Union.[14][15]

File:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica A UN member state A None
File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic A UN member state A None
E Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt A UN member state A None
File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea – State of Eritrea A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia – Republic of Estonia A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Eswatini.svg Eswatini – Kingdom of EswatiniTemplate:Efn A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia A UN member state A None Ethiopia is a federation of 12 regions and two chartered cities.
F Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji – Republic of Fiji A UN member state A None Fiji contains one autonomous region, Rotuma.Template:Efn[16][17]
File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland – Republic of Finland A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn
File:Flag of France.svg France – French Republic A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn France contains five overseas regions/departments; French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion. France also includes eight overseas territories:
G Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon – Gabonese Republic A UN member state A None
File:Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia, The – Republic of The Gambia[18] A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia A UN member state A None Georgia contains two autonomous republics, Adjara and Abkhazia.Template:Efn In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed.
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany – Federal Republic of Germany A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn Germany is a federation of 16 states.
File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana – Republic of Ghana A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece – Hellenic Republic A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn Greece contains one autonomous area, Mount Athos.[19]
File:Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada A UN member state A None Grenada is a Commonwealth realm.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea – Republic of GuineaTemplate:Efn A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana A UN member state A None
H Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti – Republic of Haiti A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras – Republic of Honduras A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn
I Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Iceland.svg IcelandTemplate:Efn A UN member state A None
File:Flag of India.svg India – Republic of India A UN member state A None India is a federation of 28 states and eight union territories.
File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia A UN member state A None Indonesia has nine autonomous provinces: Aceh, Jakarta, Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, West Papua, and Yogyakarta.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq – Republic of Iraq A UN member state A None Iraq is a federationTemplate:Efn[20] of 19 governorates, four of which make up the autonomous Kurdistan Region.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Ireland.svg IrelandTemplate:Efn A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel – State of Israel A UN member state Partially unrecognised Israel exerts strong control over the territory claimed by Palestine. It has annexed East Jerusalem,[21] an act not recognised by the international community.[22] Israel has varying levels of control over the rest of the West Bank, and although it ended its permanent civilian or military presence in the Gaza Strip, it is still considered to be the occupying power under international law.[23][24][25][26]

Israel is not recognised as a state by 28 UN members and the Sahrawi Republic. The Palestine Liberation Organization, recognised by a majority of UN member states as the representative of the Palestinian people, recognised Israel in 1993.

File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy – Italian Republic A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn Italy has five autonomous regions: Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast – Republic of Côte d'IvoireTemplate:Efn A UN member state A None
J Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica A UN member state A None Jamaica is a Commonwealth realm.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan A UN member state A None
K Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan – Republic of Kazakhstan A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya – Republic of Kenya A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Kiribati.svg Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait – State of Kuwait A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Republic A UN member state A None
L Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos – Lao People's Democratic Republic A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia – Republic of Latvia A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon – Republic of Lebanon A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia – Republic of Liberia A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya – State of Libya A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn
M Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar – Republic of Madagascar A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi – Republic of Malawi A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia  A UN member state A None Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and three federal territories.
File:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives – Republic of Maldives A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali – Republic of Mali A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta – Republic of Malta A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn
File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands A UN member state A None Under Compact of Free Association with the United States.
File:Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius – Republic of Mauritius A UN member state A None Mauritius has an autonomous island, Rodrigues.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico – United Mexican States A UN member state A None Mexico is a federation of 31 states and one autonomous city.
File:Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg Micronesia, Federated States of A UN member state A None Under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Federated States of Micronesia is a federation of four states.
File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova – Republic of Moldova A UN member state A None Moldova has two autonomous territorial units, Gagauzia and the Left Bank of the Dniester. The latter and a city, Bender (Tighina), are under the de facto control of Transnistria.
File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco – Principality of Monaco A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco A UN member state A None Part of the Moroccan-claimed Western Sahara is controlled by the partially recognised Sahrawi Republic.
File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique – Republic of Mozambique A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar – Republic of the Union of MyanmarTemplate:Efn A UN member state A None Wa State is a de facto autonomous state within Myanmar. The United Nations has not recognised the de facto ruling government of Myanmar, the State Administration Council.[7]
N Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia – Republic of Namibia A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru – Republic of Nauru A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal – Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal A UN member state A None Nepal is a federation composed of seven provinces.
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn The Kingdom of the Netherlands includes four areas with substantial autonomy:

The Metropolitan Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten form the four constituent countries of the Kingdom. Three overseas parts of the Netherlands (Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius) are special municipalities of the metropolitan Netherlands.Template:Efn The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law only wholly applies to parts within Europe.

File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand A UN member state A None New Zealand is a Commonwealth realm,Template:Efn and has one dependent territory and one claimed Antarctic dependent territory:

The New Zealand Government acts for the entire Realm of New Zealand in all international contexts, which has responsibilities for (but no rights of control over) two freely associated states:

The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with Template:Numrel and Template:Numrel UN members respectively.[27][28] They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,[29] and are members of some UN specialized agencies.

File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua A UN member state A None Nicaragua contains two autonomous regions, North Caribbean Coast and South Caribbean Coast.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger – Republic of the Niger A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria A UN member state A None Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and one federal territory.
File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea – Democratic People's Republic of Korea A UN member state Template:Claimedby North Korea is not recognised by 2 UN members, Japan, and South Korea, which the latter claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.[30]
Template:Country data North Macedonia – Republic of North MacedoniaTemplate:Efn A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway – Kingdom of Norway A UN member state A None Norway has two unincorporated areas in Europe:
  •  Svalbard is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the Svalbard Treaty.
  •  Jan Mayen is an uninhabited island that is an integral part of Norway, although unincorporated.

Norway has one dependent territory and two claimed Antarctic dependent territories in the Southern Hemisphere:

O Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman – Sultanate of Oman A UN member state A None
P Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan A UN member state A None Pakistan is a federation of four provinces and one capital territory. Pakistan exercises control over certain portions of Kashmir, but has not officially annexed any of it,[31][32] instead regarding it as a disputed territory.[33][34] The portions that it controls are divided into two territories, administered separately from Pakistan proper:

Azad Kashmir describes itself as a "self-governing state under Pakistani control", while Gilgit-Baltistan is described in its governance order as a group of "areas" with self-government.[35][36][37] These territories are not usually regarded as sovereign, as they do not fulfil the criteria set out by the declarative theory of statehood (for example, their current laws do not allow them to engage independently in relations with other states). Several state functions of these territories (such as foreign affairs and defense) are performed by Pakistan.[36][38][39]

File:Flag of Palau.svg Palau – Republic of Palau A UN member state A None Under Compact of Free Association with the United States.
Template:Country data Palestine – State of Palestine A UN General Assembly observer state; member of two UN specialized agencies Partially unrecognised. Occupied by Israel. The State of Palestine, declared in 1988, is not recognised as a state by Israel but has received diplomatic recognition from Template:Numrec states.[40] The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control over much of the territory that it proclaimed.[41] The Palestinian Authority is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the Oslo Accords that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within Palestine. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization.[42] The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO,[43] UNIDO and other international organizations.[44]
File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama – Republic of Panama A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea A UN member state A None Papua New Guinea is a Commonwealth realmTemplate:Efn with one autonomous region, Bougainville.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru – Republic of Peru A UN member state A None
File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines – Republic of the Philippines A UN member state A None The Philippines contains one autonomous region, Bangsamoro.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland – Republic of Poland A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal – Portuguese Republic A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn Portugal contains two autonomous regions, the Azores and Madeira.Template:Efn
Q Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar – State of Qatar A UN member state A None
R Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia – Russian Federation A UN member state A None Russia is a federation of 83 internationally recognised federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda – Republic of Rwanda A UN member state A None
S Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis A UN member state A None Saint Kitts and Nevis is a Commonwealth realmTemplate:Efn and is a federationTemplate:Efn of two islands, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia A UN member state A None Saint Lucia is a Commonwealth realm.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines A UN member state A None Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a Commonwealth realm.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa – Independent State of Samoa A UN member state A None
File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino – Republic of San Marino A UN member state A None
File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe A UN member state A None São Tomé and Príncipe contains one autonomous province, Príncipe.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal – Republic of Senegal A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia – Republic of Serbia A UN member state A None Serbia contains two autonomous provinces, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija.Template:Efn The latter is under the de facto control of Kosovo.
File:Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore – Republic of Singapore A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia – Slovak Republic A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia – Republic of Slovenia A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn
File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands A UN member state A None Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia – Federal Republic of Somalia A UN member state A None Somalia is a federation of six states. Two, Puntland and Galmudug, have self-declared autonomy, while one, Somaliland, is de facto independent.
File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa – Republic of South Africa A UN member state A None
File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea – Republic of Korea A UN member state Template:Claimedby South Korea has one autonomous region, Jeju Province.Template:Efn[45]

South Korea is not recognised by North Korea, which claims to be the sole legitimate government of Korea.

File:Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan – Republic of South Sudan A UN member state A None South Sudan is a federation of 10 states and three administrative areas.

The Abyei Area is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. It is de jure a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but de facto administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.[46][47]

File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain – Kingdom of Spain A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities and two special autonomous cities.Template:EfnTemplate:Efn
File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri LankaTemplate:Efn A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan – Republic of the Sudan A UN member state A None Sudan is a federation of 18 states.

The Abyei Area is a zone with "special administrative status" established by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. It is de jure a condominium of South Sudan and Sudan, but de facto administered by two competing administrations and the United Nations.[46][47]

File:Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname – Republic of Suriname A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden A UN member state A None Member of the EU.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland – Swiss Confederation A UN member state A None Switzerland is a federation of 26 cantons.
File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria – Syrian Arab Republic A UN member state A None During the Syrian civil war, the Syrian National Coalition (SNC) was recognised as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by 20 UN members and established an interim government to rule rebel-controlled territory. After the fall of the Assad regime, the SNC declared its allegiance to the new government.

Syria has one self-declared autonomous region, Rojava.

T Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan – Republic of Tajikistan A UN member state A None Tajikistan contains one autonomous region, Gorno-Badakhshan.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania A UN member state A None Tanzania contains one autonomous region, Zanzibar.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand A UN member state A None
File:Flag of East Timor.svg Timor-Leste – Democratic Republic of Timor-LesteTemplate:Efn A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo – Togolese Republic A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago A UN member state A None Trinidad and Tobago contains one autonomous region, Tobago.Template:Efn
File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia – Republic of Tunisia A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey – Republic of TürkiyeTemplate:Efn A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu A UN member state A None Tuvalu is a Commonwealth realm.Template:Efn
U Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda – Republic of Uganda A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine A UN member state A None Ukraine contains one autonomous region, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea,Template:Efn which is under the control of Russia. Nine other areas of Ukraine are under full or partial Russian control, including Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kharkiv, Kherson, Luhansk, Mykolaiv, Sumy, Zaporizhzhia oblasts and Sevastopol.
File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates A UN member state A None The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates.
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland A UN member state A None The United Kingdom is a Commonwealth realmTemplate:Efn consisting of four constituent countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The United Kingdom has the following 13 overseas territories and one claimed Antarctic dependent territory:

The British monarch also has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown Dependencies:

File:Flag of the United States.svg United States – United States of America A UN member state A None The United States is a federation of 50 states, one federal district, and one incorporated territory (Palmyra Atoll).

Additionally, the federal government of the United States has sovereignty over 13 unincorporated territories. Of these unincorporated territories, five are inhabited possessions:

The United States also has sovereignty over eight uninhabited territories:

The United States disputes sovereignty over two territories:

Three sovereign states have become associated states of the United States under the Compact of Free Association:

File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay – Oriental Republic of Uruguay A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan – Republic of Uzbekistan A UN member state A None Uzbekistan contains one autonomous region, Karakalpakstan.Template:Efn
V Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg Vatican City – Vatican City State A UN General Assembly observer state under the designation of "Holy See"; member of three UN specialized agencies A None Administered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity with diplomatic relations to Template:Numrec (including Template:Numrec UN member states, the Cook Islands, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and Palestine).[48] In addition, the European Union and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta maintain diplomatic relations with the Holy See. The Holy See is a member of three UN specialized agencies (ITU, UPU, and WIPO) and the IAEA, as well as being a permanent observer of the UN (in the category of "Non-member State")[42] and multiple other UN System organizations. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the Pope, who is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome and ex officio sovereign of Vatican City.
File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela A UN member state A None Venezuela is a federation of 23 states, one capital district, and federal dependencies.
File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam A UN member state A None
Y Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen – Republic of Yemen A UN member state A None
Z Script error: No such module "anchor". File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia – Republic of Zambia A UN member state A None
File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe A UN member state A None

Other states

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Common and formal names Membership within the UN SystemTemplate:Efn Sovereignty disputeTemplate:Efn Further information on status and recognition of sovereigntyTemplate:Efn
File:Flag of the Republic of Abkhazia.svg Abkhazia – Republic of Abkhazia D No membership Claimed by Georgia. Occupied by Russia. Recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, South Ossetia, and Transnistria.[49] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
File:Flag of the Cook Islands.svg Cook Islands D Member of eight UN specialized agencies A None
(See political status) 		A state in free association with New Zealand, the Cook Islands maintains diplomatic relations with at least 65 UN member states and 3 other states and is recognized as a sovereign state by a number of them. The Cook Islands is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty-making capacity.[29] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.
File:Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo – Republic of Kosovo D Member of two UN specialized agencies Template:Claimedby Pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, Kosovo was placed under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 1999.[50] Kosovo declared independence in 2008, and it has Template:Numrec and the Republic of China (Taiwan), while 18 of those states have recognised Kosovo only to later withdraw their recognition.[51] Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo.
File:Flag of Niue.svg Niue D Member of five UN specialized agencies A None
(See political status) 		A state in free association with New Zealand, Niue maintains diplomatic relations with at least 28 UN member states and 2 other states and is recognized as a sovereign state by a number of them. Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty-making capacity.[29] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.
File:Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus D No membership Claimed by Cyprus. Occupied by Turkey. Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.[52]
File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg Sahrawi Republic – Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic D No membership Claimed and occupied by Morocco. The Polisario Front, which administers the Sahrawi Republic, is recognized by the UN as the legitimate representative of the people of Western Sahara.[53][54] Recognised at some stage by Template:Numrec, Template:Numrec of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of the African Union, an international organization with permanent observer status at the UN General Assembly.

The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, are claimed in whole by Morocco. In turn, the Sahrawi Republic claims the Moroccan-occupied part of Western Sahara to the west of the Moroccan sand wall. Its government resides in exile in the Sahrawi refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria.

File:Flag of Somaliland.svg Somaliland – Republic of Somaliland D No membership Template:Claimedby A de facto independent state[55][56][57] recognised by Israel.[58] Claimed in whole by the Federal Republic of Somalia.[59]
File:Flag of South Ossetia.svg South Ossetia – Republic of South Ossetia–the State of Alania D No membership Claimed by Georgia. Occupied by Russia. A de facto independent state,[60] recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia, and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia through the Administration of South Ossetia.[61]
File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan – Republic of ChinaTemplate:Efn D UN member state until 1971, now no membership Partially unrecognised. Template:Claimedby. A state competing (nominally) for recognition with the People's Republic of China (PRC) as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China (ROC) controls the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, the Matsu Islands, and Pratas Island, as well as Taiping Island and Zhongzhou Reef of the Spratly Islands, and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the mainland.[62] The ROC is recognised by Template:Numrec UN member states and Vatican City, none of which recognise the PRC.

In addition to these relations, the ROC also maintains unofficial relations[63] with 58 UN member states, one self-declared state (Somaliland), three territories (Guam, Hong Kong, and Macau), and the European Union via its representative offices and consulates under the One China principle. Taiwan has the 31st-largest diplomatic network in the world with 110 offices.[64]

The territory of the ROC is claimed in whole by the PRC.Template:Efn The ROC participates in international organizations under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "Chinese Taipei". In the WTO, the ROC has full membership under the designation of "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu". The ROC was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the UN Security Council. See China and the United Nations.

File:Flag of Transnistria (state).svg Transnistria – Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic D No membership Claimed by Moldova. Occupied by Russia. A de facto independent state,[55] recognised only by Abkhazia and South Ossetia.[49] Claimed in whole by Moldova.[65]

See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Constitution of Greece, Art. 105.
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
    * Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
    * Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". For more information, see Foreign relations of the Cook Islands.
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Constitution of Pakistan, Art. 1.
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ See the following on statehood criteria:
    • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". "...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention..."; "...the fact that a majority of states have recognised Palestine as a State should easily fulfil the requisite state practice".
    • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". "It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory".
    • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". "Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state."
  42. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Question of Western Sahara A/RES/34/37 (1979)
  54. ↑ Question of Western Sahara A/RES/35/19 (1980)
  55. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Bibliography

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  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Navbox". Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Lists of political entities by century Template:States with limited recognition Template:Portal bar

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