United Nations General Assembly observers

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Template:Short description Template:Use Oxford spellingThe United Nations General Assembly has granted observer status to international organizations, entities, and non-member states, to enable them to participate in the work of the United Nations General Assembly, though with limitations. The General Assembly determines the privileges it will grant to each observer, beyond those laid down in a 1986 Conference on treaties between states and international organizations.[1] Exceptionally, the European Union (EU) was in 2011 granted the right to speak in debates, to submit proposals and amendments, the right of reply, to raise points of order and to circulate documents, etc. Template:As of, the EU is the only international organization to hold these enhanced rights, which has been likened to the rights of full membership,[2] short of the right to vote.

Observer status may be granted by a United Nations General Assembly resolution. The status of a permanent observer is based purely on practice of the General Assembly, and there are no provisions for it in the United Nations Charter.[3] The practice is to distinguish between state and non-state observers. Non-member states are members of one or more specialized agencies, and can apply for permanent observer state status.[3] Non-state observers are the international organizations and other entities.

Non-member observers

The General Assembly may invite non-member entities to participate in the work of the United Nations without formal membership, and has done so on numerous occasions. Such participants are described as observers, some of which may be further classified as non-member state observers. Most former non-member observer states accepted observer status at a time when they had applied for membership but were unable to attain it, due to the actual or threatened veto by one or more of the permanent members of the Security Council. The grant of observer status is made by the General Assembly only; it is not subject to a Security Council veto.

In some circumstances a state may elect to become an observer rather than full member. For example, to preserve its neutrality while participating in its work, Switzerland chose to remain a permanent non-member state observer from 1948 until it became a member in 2002.

Current non-member observers

Template:See

Template:As of, there are two permanent non-member observer states in the General Assembly of the United Nations: the Holy See and the State of Palestine. Both were described as "Non-Member States having received a standing invitation to participate as Observers in the sessions and the work of the General Assembly and maintaining Permanent Observer Missions at Headquarters".[4]

The Holy See uncontroversially obtained its non-member observer state status in 1964. The Holy See did not wish to join the United Nations as a member because "Membership in the organization would not seem to be consonant with the provisions of Article 24 of the Lateran Treaty, particularly as regards spiritual status and participation in possible use of force."[5] Since April 6, 1964, the Holy See has accepted permanent observer state status, which was regarded as a diplomatic courtesy, to enable the Holy See to participate in the UN's humanitarian activities and in the promotion of peace.

In 2012, Palestine's observer status was changed from "non-member observer entity" to "non-member observer state", which many called "symbolic".[6] The change followed an application by Palestine for full UN membership in 2011[7] as part of the Palestine 194 campaign, to provide additional leverage to the Palestinians in their dealings with Israel.[8] The application had not been put to a UN Security Council vote.[9] With the change in status, the United Nations Secretariat held that Palestine was entitled to become a party to treaties for which the UN Secretary-General is the depositary.[10] On 17 December 2012, UN Chief of Protocol, Yeocheol Yoon, declared that "the designation of 'State of Palestine' shall be used by the Secretariat in all official United Nations documents."[11]

The seating in the General Assembly Hall is arranged with non-member observer states being seated immediately after UN member states, and before other observers.[12] On 10 September 2015, the General Assembly resolved to approve the raising at the UN of the flags of non-member observer states alongside those of the 193 UN member states.[13]

Non-Member State[4] Date observer status was granted Additional timeline and details
Template:Flagicon Holy See 6 April 1964: granted permanent observer state status
1 July 2004: gained all the rights of full membership except voting rights, submission of resolution proposals without co-sponsoring, and putting forward candidates (A/RES/58/314)[12] 		The sovereign entity with statehood over the territory of the Vatican City State.
Template:Flagicon State of PalestineScript error: No such module "anchor".

14 October 1974: the United Nations General Assembly recognized the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) as the representative of the Palestinian people, and granted it the right to participate in the deliberations of the General Assembly on the question of Palestine in plenary meetings (A/RES/3210 (XXIX))[14]
22 November 1974: non-state observer status granted to the PLO (A/RES/3237 (XXIX))[15]
9 December 1988: granted the right to circulate communications without an intermediary (A/RES/43/160)[16]
15 December 1988: designation changed to "Palestine" (A/RES/43/177)[17]
7 July 1998: granted additional rights, including the right to participate in general debate (A/RES/52/250)[18]
29 November 2012: status changed to non-member observer state (A/RES/67/19):[19][20]
16 October 2018: temporarily granted additional rights while Palestine was Chair of the Group of 77 for 2019 (A/RES/73/5).[21]
10 May 2024: granted additional rights, including being seated with member states, the right to introduce proposals and agenda items, and participate in committees, but not the right to vote (A/ES-10/23).[22]

28 October 1974: PLO recognized as "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people", by states of the seventh Arab summit (and later by over 100 states with which it holds diplomatic relations and by Israel).[23][24][25][26]
22 November 1974: PLO recognized as competent on all matters concerning the question of Palestine by the UN General Assembly in addition to the right of the Palestinian people in Palestine to national independence and sovereignty.
15 November 1988: PLO unilaterally declared the State of Palestine.
4 May 1994: PLO established the Palestinian National Authority territorial administration as result of the Oslo Accords signed by the PLO itself, Israel, United States and Russia.
7 July 1998: PLO has been assigned seating in the General Assembly Hall immediately after non-member States and before the other observers.[18][27]
23 September 2011: State of Palestine applies for UN membership[28]
17 December 2012: UN Chief of Protocol Yeocheol Yoon decides that "the designation of 'State of Palestine' shall be used by the Secretariat in all official United Nations documents."[29]
Notes

Former non-member observers

Sixteen former non-member states were also granted observer status.[41][42] Fourteen of those states eventually became members of the United Nations. The other two constitute a single special case.Template:Refn

Most of the former non-member observer states accepted this status at a time when they had applied for membership but were unable to attain it, due to the (actual or threatened) veto of one or more of the permanent members of the Security Council. The vetoes were later overcome either by changes in geopolitical circumstances, or by "package deals" under which the Security Council approved multiple new member states at the same time, as was done with a dozen countries in 1955 and with East and West Germany in 1973.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

State Granted Became full member Period
Template:Country data Austria 1952 1955 Template:Nts years
Template:Country data Bangladesh 1973 1974 Template:Nts year
Template:Flagdeco Democratic People's Republic of Korea 1973 1991 Template:Nts years
Template:Flagdeco Democratic Republic of Vietnam 1975 1977a —Template:Refn Template:Nts year
Template:Country data West Germany 1952 1973 Template:Nts years
Template:Country data Finland 1952 1955 Template:Nts years
Template:Country data East Germany 1972 1973 Template:Nts year
Template:Country data Italy 1952 1955 Template:Nts years
Template:Country data Japan 1952 1956 Template:Nts years
Template:Country data Kuwait 1962 1963 Template:Nts year
Template:Country data Monaco 1956 1993 Template:Nts years
Template:Flagdeco Republic of Korea 1949 1991 Template:Nts years
Template:Country data State of Vietnam
Template:Country data Republic of Vietnam 		1952 1976 —Template:Refn Template:Nts years
Template:Country data Francoist Spain 1955 1955 Template:Nts years
Template:Country data Switzerland 1946 2002 Template:Nts years
Template:Country data Vietnam 1976Template:Refn 1977b 1977 Template:Ntsh 1 year
Notes

Template:Reflist

Entities and international organizations

Script error: No such module "Hatnote". Many intergovernmental organizations and a few other entities (non-governmental organizations and others with various degrees of statehood or sovereignty), are invited to become observers at the General Assembly. Some of them maintain a permanent office in the United Nations headquarters in New York City, while others do not; however, this is the choice of the organization and does not imply differences in their status.[43]

Regional organization allowed by their member states to speak on their behalf

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While the EU is an observer, it is party to some 50 international UN agreements as the only non-state participant. It is a full participant on the Commission on Sustainable Development, the Forum on Forests and the Food and Agriculture Organization. It has also been a full participant at certain UN summits, such as the Rio and Kyoto summits on climate change, including hosting a summit. Furthermore, the EU delegation maintains close relations with the UN's aid bodies.[44] In 2011 the EU was granted enhanced powers in the General Assembly; the right to speak in debates, to submit proposals and amendments, the right of reply, to raise points of order and to circulate documents. These rights were also made open to other international organizations who requested them,[45][2] if their members have given them the right to speak on their behalf.[46]

In the resolution adopted in May 2011 granting additional rights to the European Union the UNGA decided that similar arrangements may be adopted for any other regional organization that is allowed to speak on behalf of its member states.[46]

Organization or entity Date observer status was granted Entity type
Template:Flagicon image European Union[note 1] 11 October 1974 (A/RES/3208 (XXIX)): observer status[47]
10 May 2011 (A/RES/65/276):[46] additional rights 		The only observer that operates through a hybrid system of intergovernmentalism and supranationalism, giving it some state-like qualities.

Intergovernmental organizations

Those organizations that have permanent offices at the UN headquarters are marked with an asterisk (*).

Organization Date observer status was granted
Template:Flagicon image African Development Bank Template:Dts (A/RES/42/10)[48]
Template:Flagicon image African Union*
formerly the Organisation of African UnityScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Template:Dts (A/RES/2011(XX))[49]
15 Aug 2002 (General Assembly decision 56/475)
Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean Template:Dts (A/RES/43/6)[50]
Template:Flagicon image Andean Community Template:Dts (A/RES/52/6)[51]
Template:Flagicon image Arab League, formally the League of Arab States* Template:Dts (A/RES/477 (V))
ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic Research Office Template:Dts (A/RES/72/126)[52]
Asian–African Legal Consultative Organization*
formerly the Asian–African Legal Consultative CommitteeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Template:Dts (A/RES/35/2)[53]
Template:Flagicon image Asian Development Bank Template:Dts (A/RES/57/30)[54]
Template:Flagicon image Asian Forest Cooperation Organization (AFoCO) Template:Dts (A/RES/75/149)[55]
Template:Flagicon image Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Template:Dts (A/RES/73/216)[56]
Template:Flagicon image Association of Caribbean States Template:Dts (A/RES/53/5)[57]
Template:Flagicon Association of Southeast Asian Nations Template:Dts (A/RES/61/44)[58]
Template:Flagicon image Caribbean Community (CARICOM)* Template:Dts (A/RES/46/8)[59]
Template:Flagicon image CAF – Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean
formerly the Andean Development CorporationScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Template:Dts (A/RES/67/101)[60]
Central American Bank for Economic Integration Template:Dts (A/RES/71/157)
Template:Flagicon image Central American Integration System (SICA)* Template:Dts (A/RES/50/2)[61]
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program (CAREC) Template:Dts (A/RES/75/148)
Template:Flagicon image Central European Initiative Template:Dts (A/RES/66/111)
Template:Flagicon image Collective Security Treaty Organization Template:Dts (A/RES/59/50)
Common Fund for Commodities Template:Dts (A/RES/60/26)
Template:Flagicon image Commonwealth of Independent States Template:Dts (A/RES/48/237)
Template:Flagicon image Commonwealth Secretariat* Template:Dts (A/RES/31/3)[62]
Template:Flagicon image Community of Portuguese Language Countries Template:Dts (A/RES/54/10)
Community of Sahel–Saharan States Template:Dts (A/RES/56/92)
Template:Ill Template:Dts (A/RES/71/153)[63]
Template:Flagicon image Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia Template:Dts (A/RES/62/77)
Template:Flagicon image Council of Europe Template:Dts (A/RES/44/6)[64]
Template:Flagicon image Developing Eight Countries Organization for Economic Cooperation Template:Dts (A/RES/69/129)
East African Community Template:Dts (A/RES/58/86)
Economic Community of Central African States* Template:Dts (A/RES/55/161)[65]
Economic Community of Western African States* Template:Dts (A/RES/59/51)[66]
Economic Cooperation Organization Template:Dts (A/RES/48/2)
Energy Charter Conference Template:Dts (A/RES/62/75)
Eurasian Development Bank Template:Dts (A/RES/62/76)
Template:Flagicon image Eurasian Economic Union
formerly the Eurasian Economic CommunityScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Template:Dts (A/RES/58/84)
Template:Ill Template:Dts (A/RES/72/127)
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Template:Dts (A/RES/67/102)
European Public Law Organization Template:Dts (A/RES/73/215)
Fund for the Development of the Indigenous Peoples of Latin America and the Caribbean Template:Dts (A/RES/72/128)
Global Dryland Alliance Template:Dts (A/RES/75/150)
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Template:Dts (A/RES/64/122)
Global Green Growth Institute Template:Dts (A/RES/68/191)
Group of Seven Plus Template:Dts (A/RES/74/196)
GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development Template:Dts (A/RES/58/85)
Template:Flagicon image Gulf Cooperation Council, formally the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf* Template:Dts (A/RES/62/78)[67]
Hague Conference on Private International Law Template:Dts (A/RES/60/27)
Ibero-American Conference Template:Dts (A/RES/60/28)
Indian Ocean Commission Template:Dts (A/RES/61/43)
Indian Ocean Rim Association Template:Dts (A/RES/70/123)
Inter-American Development Bank Template:Dts (A/RES/55/160)
International Centre for Migration Policy Development Template:Dts (A/RES/57/31)
Template:Flagicon image International Chamber of Commerce* Template:Dts (A/RES/71/156)[68]
International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR) Template:Dts (A/RES/64/123)
International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)* Template:Dts (A/RES/51/1)
International Development Law Organization* Template:Dts (A/RES/56/90)
International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS) Template:Dts (A/RES/63/133)
International Hydrographic Organization Template:Dts (A/RES/56/91)
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance* Template:Dts (A/RES/58/83)
International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) Template:Dts (A/RES/68/121)
International Network for Bamboo and Rattan Template:Dts (A/RES/72/125)
Template:Flagicon image International Organization of the Francophonie* Template:Dts (A/RES/33/18)[69]
18 December 1998 (General Assembly decision 53/453)
Template:Flagicon image International Renewable Energy Agency* Template:Dts (A/RES/66/110)[70]
International Solar Alliance Template:Dts (A/RES/76/123)[71]
Template:Flagicon image International Union for Conservation of Nature* Template:Dts (A/RES/54/195)
Template:Flagicon image Template:Ill* Template:Dts (A/RES/71/154)
Islamic Development Bank Group (IDB) Template:Dts (A/RES/61/259)
Italian–Latin American Institute Template:Dts (A/RES/62/74)
Latin American Economic System (SELA) Template:Dts (A/RES/35/3)
Latin American Integration Association Template:Dts (A/RES/60/25)
Latin American Parliament Template:Dts (A/RES/48/4)
OPEC Fund for International Development Template:Dts (A/RES/61/42)
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)* Template:Dts (A/RES/53/6)
Template:Flagicon image Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States

formerly the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of StatesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Template:Dts (A/RES/36/4)
Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States Template:Dts (A/RES/59/52)
Template:Flagicon image Organisation of Islamic Cooperation*
formerly the Organisation of the Islamic ConferenceScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Template:Dts (A/RES/3369 (XXX))
Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Template:Dts (A/RES/54/5)
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Template:Dts (A/RES/48/5)
Template:Flagicon image Organization of American States (OAS)* Template:Dts (A/RES/253 (III))
Template:Flagicon image Pacific Islands Forum Template:Dts (A/RES/49/1)
Template:Flagicon image Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean* Template:Dts (A/RES/64/124)
Partners in Population and Development* Template:Dts (A/RES/57/29)
Permanent Court of Arbitration Template:Dts (A/RES/48/3)
Regional Centre on Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Great Lakes Region, the Horn of Africa and Bordering States (RECSA) Template:Dts (A/RES/62/73)
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Template:Dts (A/RES/59/48)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Template:Dts (A/RES/59/53)
South Centre* Template:Dts (A/RES/63/131)
Template:Flagicon image Southern African Development Community (SADC) Template:Dts (A/RES/59/49)
Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) Template:Dts (ARES/70/124)
Template:Flagicon image Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) Template:Dts (A/RES/66/484)[72]
Template:Flagicon image University for Peace* Template:Dts (A/RES/63/132)
World Customs Organization
formerly the Customs Cooperation CouncilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Template:Dts (A/RES/53/216)

Specialized agencies and related organizations

Some of UN Specialized agencies and related organizations are having liaison offices at the UN headquarters, some were auto-granted since their establishment (i.e. without passing General Assembly resolutions).

Organization or entity Date observer status was granted
Template:Flagicon image Food and Agriculture Organization
Template:Flagicon image International Atomic Energy Agency
Template:Flagicon image International Criminal Court Template:Dts (A/RES/58/318)[73]
International Fund for Agricultural Development
Template:Flagicon image International Labour Organization
Template:Flagicon image International Monetary Fund
International Organization for Migration Template:Dts (A/RES/47/4)
International Seabed Authority Template:Dts (A/RES/51/6)
Template:Flagicon image International Telecommunication Union
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea Template:Dts (A/RES/51/204)
Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization
Template:Flagicon image United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Template:Flagicon image United Nations Industrial Development Organization
Template:Flagicon image World Bank
Template:Flagicon image World Health Organization
World Intellectual Property Organization
Template:Flagicon image World Meteorological Organization

Other entities

All five entities are maintaining permanent offices at the UN headquarters.

Organization or entity Date observer status was granted
Template:Flagicon image International Committee of the Red Cross Template:Dts (A/RES/45/6)[74]
Template:Flagicon image International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Template:Dts (A/RES/49/2)[75]
Template:Flagicon image International Olympic Committee Template:Dts (A/RES/64/3)[76]
Template:Flagicon image Inter-Parliamentary Union Template:Dts (A/RES/57/32)[77]
Template:Flagicon image Sovereign Military Order of Malta Template:Dts (A/RES/48/265)[78]

Former observers

Organization or entity Date observer status was granted Entity type
Template:Flagicon image South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) 1976 (A/RES/31/152)[16][79] SWAPO, a liberation movement in South West Africa, held observer status with the right to circulate communications without intermediary beginning in 1976. This terminated in 1990 when the Republic of Namibia attained independence and was granted full membership in the United Nations and SWAPO was transformed into a political party.

National liberation movements

Throughout the 1970s, the General Assembly recognized several national liberation movements as "legitimate representatives" of colonial people, with SWAPO of Namibia and the PLO of Palestine holding non-state observer status at the General Assembly until 1990 and 2012, respectively.[40] The recognition of national liberation movements began in 1972 when the General Assembly invited liberation movements in Portuguese colonies to act as observers in relevant consultations.[80] In 1974, all national liberation movements recognized by the Organisation of African Unity were invited to regularly participate as observers in conferences.[81]

National liberation movements that participated as observers following these resolutions included:[40][82][83]

Uniquely, the Polisario Front of Western Sahara is the only remaining national liberation movement recognized by the General Assembly—an "oddity as an unresolved case of decolonization and national liberation"—though it has not been granted observer status.[40]

See also

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Notes

Template:Reflist

References

Template:Reflist

External links

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b Phillips, Leigh (3 May 2011), "EU wins new powers at UN, transforming global body", EU Observer. Template:Webarchive.
  3. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ James Crawford, The Creation of States in International Law, (1979) p. 156.
  6. ↑ American Society of International Law, 7 December 2012: Legal Implications of the UN General Assembly Vote to Accord Palestine the Status of Observer State Template:Webarchive, by John Cerone
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ CNN, 30 November 2012, U.N. approves Palestinian 'observer state' bid
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ a b Template:UN document
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ UNGA, 14 October 1974; Resolution 3210 (XXIX). Invitation to the Palestine Liberation Organization (doc.nr.A/RES/3210 (XXIX)) Template:Webarchive
  15. ↑ Template:UN document
  16. ↑ a b Template:UN document
  17. ↑ Template:UN document
  18. ↑ a b Template:UN document
  19. ↑ Template:UN document
  20. ↑ Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations Template:Webarchive: "since ... Vote in the United Nations General Assembly which accorded to Palestine Observer State Status, the official title of the Palestine mission has been changed to The Permanent Observer Mission of the State of Palestine to the United Nations."
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Israel-PLO Recognition-Exchange of Letters between PM Rabin and Chairman Arafat-Sept 9- 1993 Template:Webarchive. Mfa.gov.il (9 September 1993). Retrieved on 25 August 2013.
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Madiha Rashid Al-Madfai, Jordan, the United States and the Middle East Peace Process, 1974–1991, Cambridge Middle East Library, Cambridge University Press (1993). Template:ISBN. p. 21:"On 28 October 1974, the seventh Arab summit conference held in Rabat designated the PLO as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people and reaffirmed their right to establish an independent state of urgency."
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ UN observers: Non-member States and Entities Template:Webarchive Palestine is listed immediately after non-member States (on the same page) and before the other observers (that are on the next page).
  28. ↑ Template:UN document
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".: "This time, Taiwan was not applying for membership, just to take part in unspecified U.N. 'activities'."
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ UN THE WORLD TODAY (PDF) Template:Webarchive showing UN member states (blue), non-member states (green and yellow), non-self-governing territories (red) and the Occupied Palestinian Territory (gray).
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ United Nations http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/INF/63/6&Lang=E Template:Webarchive
  44. ↑ Description of the European Union Delegation in New York Template:Webarchive, EU Delegation to the UN
  45. ↑ Phillips, Leigh (15 July 2010) EU reaches out for new powers at United Nations Template:Webarchive, EU Observer
  46. ↑ a b c Template:UN document
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Template:UN document
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ United Nations General Assembly, Session 71, Resolution 156, Observer status for the International Chamber of Commerce in the General Assembly Template:Webarchive, accessed 25 September 2017
  69. ↑ Template:UN document
  70. ↑ Template:UN document
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ UNGA Resolution A/RES/31/152 Template:Webarchive Observer status for the South West Africa People's Organization
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".


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