Declaration of independence

A declaration of independence is an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the territory of another state or failed state, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. In 2010, the UN's International Court of Justice ruled in an advisory opinion in Kosovo that "International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence", though the state from which the territory wishes to secede may regard the declaration as rebellion, which may lead to a war of independence or a constitutional settlement to resolve the crisis.

List of declarations of independence

State	Declaration	Date	Association	Signatories	First recognizing state(s)
Algeria	Declaration of 1 November 1954	Template:DTS	Algeria	Algerian War	Template:Country data French Algeria
Albania	Albanian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Ottoman Empire	Assembly of Vlorë	Austria-Hungary
Template:Flagicon Ambazonia	Ambazonian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Cameroon	Southern Cameroons Ambazonia Consortium United Front
Template:Flagcountry	Declaration of Independence of Armenia	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Armenian National Congress (1917), Armenian Revolutionary Federation	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagcountry	Declaration of State Sovereignty of Armenia	Template:DTS	Soviet Union	Levon Ter-Petrosyan and Supreme Council of Armenia secretary Ara Sahakian	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagcountry	Proclamation of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic	Template:DTS	Soviet Union	Nagorno-Karabakh Regional and Shahumyan District Councils of People's Deputies of the Azerbaijan SSR
Template:Country data Azawad	Azawadi Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Mali	National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
Azerbaijan	Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Azerbaijani National Council	Ottoman Empire
Azerbaijan	Act on Restoration of State Independence of Azerbaijan	Template:DTS	Soviet Union	Supreme Council of Azerbaijan	Turkey
Bangladesh	Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence	Template:DTS	Pakistan	Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh	Bhutan
Belarus	Third Constituent Charter	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic
Belarus	Announcement of the Declaration of Independence of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Byelorussia	Template:DTS	Poland	Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Byelorussia, trade unions	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Country data BSSR	Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic	Template:DTS	Soviet Union	Supreme Soviet of the BSSR	Turkey
Belgium	Belgian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Provisional Government of Belgium
Template:Flagcountry	Bosnian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry		Bulgaria
Bougainville	Bougainville Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Papua New Guinea	Bougainville Interim Government
Template:Flagcountry	Declaration of the Independence of Brazil	Template:DTS	Portugal	Pedro I of Brazil	United States
Bulgaria	Bulgarian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Ottoman Empire	Ferdinand of Bulgaria and the Government of Bulgaria	Template:Flagcountry
Burma	Burmese Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	United Kingdom
Catalonia	Declaration of the Catalan Republic as a state of the Iberian Federation	Template:DTS	Spain	Francesc Macià, Generalitat Government of Catalonia
Catalonia	Declaration of the Catalan state within the Federal Republic of Spain	Template:DTS	Spain	Lluís Companys, Generalitat Government of Catalonia
Catalonia	Declaration from the representatives of Catalonia as the Catalan Republic	Template:DTS	Spain
Template:Flagcountry (present-day: Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua)	Act of Independence of Central America	Template:DTS	Spain
Chile	Chilean Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Spain	National Congress	Portugal
Colombia	Colombian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Spain
File:Flag of the Comoros (1963–1975).svg Comoros	Comorian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	France		Guinea
Template:Flagcountry	Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea	Template:DTS	Ukraine	Supreme Council of Crimea	Russia
Croatia	Declaration of the Establishment of the Sovereign and Independent Republic of Croatia	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry		Iceland
Cyberspace	A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace	Template:DTS	Governments	John Perry Barlow
Czechoslovakia	Czechoslovak Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Austria-Hungary	Czechoslovak National Council	United States
Czechoslovakia	Martin Declaration	Template:DTS	Austria-Hungary	Slovak National Council	France
Dominican Republic	Dominican Act of Independence (1844)	Template:DTS	Haiti		United Kingdom
Dominican Republic	Dominican Act of Independence (1863)	Template:DTS	Spain		Spain
Template:Country data East Timor	East Timorese declaration of independence	Template:DTS	Portugal		Morocco
Egypt	Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence	Template:DTS	United Kingdom	Unilateral grant of independence by the British government	United Kingdom
Estonia	Estonian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry Template:Flagcountry	Estonian Salvation Committee	Template:Flagcountry
Estonia	Estonian Reconfirmation of Independence	Template:DTS	Soviet Union	Congress of Estonia	Iceland (reconfirmed earlier recognition)
Finland	Finnish Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Parliament of Finland	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Country data First Mexican Empire (present-day Mexico)	Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire (real independence)	Template:DTS	Spain	Supreme Provisional Governmental Board	Template:Flagcountry
Florida	Florida's Constitution of 1861	Template:DTS	United States	Florida State Legislature
Galicia	Declaration of the Republic of Galicia	Template:DTS	Spain
Template:Country data Democratic Republic of Georgia	Georgian Declaration of Independence, 1918	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Georgian National Council	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Country data Republic of Georgia	Act of Restoration of State Independence of Georgia	Template:DTS	Soviet Union	Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia	Switzerland
Georgia, State of	Georgia's secession declaration	Template:DTS	United States
Template:Flagcountry	Greek Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	First National Assembly	Haiti
Guinea-Bissau	Guinea-Bissau Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Portugal
Haiti	Haitian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Jean-Jacques Dessalines	France
Hungary	Hungarian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagdeco Habsburgs
Iceland	Icelandic Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Denmark		United States
India	Indian Rebellion of 1857	Template:DTS	United Kingdom	Mughal Empire
India	Declaration of the Independence of India	Template:DTS	United Kingdom
India	Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	United Kingdom
Indonesia	Proclamation of Indonesian Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Sukarno & Mohammad Hatta	Template:Country data Kingdom of Egypt
Template:Flagcountry	Iraq Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	United Kingdom		United Kingdom
Template:Flagcountry	Proclamation of the Irish Republic	Template:DTS	United Kingdom	Provisional Government of the Irish Republic
Irish Republic	Irish Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	United Kingdom	Dáil Éireann	Template:Flagcountry
Israel	Israeli Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	United Kingdom	Jewish People's Council	United States
Katanga	Katangan Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Congo-Léopoldville
Kazakhstan	On the State Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan	Template:DTS	Soviet Union	Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Kazakhstan	Turkey
Korea	Korean Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagcountry	Proclamation of the Republic of Kosova	Template:DTS	FR Yugoslavia	Assembly of Kosovo	Albania
Kosovo	Kosovo declaration of independence	Template:DTS	Serbia UN Administration	"Democratically elected leaders of our people"	Costa Rica
Latvia	Latvian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry Template:Flagcountry	People's Council of Latvia	Template:Flagcountry
Latvia	On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia	Template:DTS	Soviet Union	Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR	Iceland
Liberia	Liberian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	American Colonization Society	Liberian Constitutional Convention	Template:Flagcountry
Lithuania	Act of Independence of Lithuania	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry Template:Flagcountry	Council of Lithuania	Template:Flagcountry
Lithuania	Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania	Template:DTS	Soviet Union	Supreme Council of Lithuania	Iceland
Lower Canada	Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Robert Nelson
Macedonia	Independence of the Republic of Macedonia	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry		Bulgaria
Malaya (present-day Malaysia)	Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957	Template:DTS	United Kingdom	Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaysia	United Kingdom
Mississippi	A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union	Template:DTS	United States
Moldova	Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova	Template:DTS	Soviet Union	Parliament of the Republic of Moldova	Romania
Montenegro	Montenegro declaration of independence	Template:DTS	Serbia and Montenegro	Assembly of the Republic of Montenegro	Iceland
Morocco	Moroccan Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagdeco France	Istiqlal Party
Template:Flagcountry	Act of Abjuration	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Spanish Empire	Union of Utrecht
Northern America (present-day Mexico)	Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America	Template:DTS	Spain	Congress of Anáhuac
Template:Flagcountry	Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	Template:DTS	Cyprus		Turkey
Northern Epirus	Northern Epirote Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Albania	Provisional Government of Northern Epirus
North Solomons	Declaration of Independence of the Republic of the North Solomons	Template:DTS	Territory of Papua and New Guinea (Australia)	Unknown	Vatican City
Norway (Kingdom of Norway)	Declaration of Independence of Norway (short after, sovereign under the Swedish monarchy), and the Constitution of Norway	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Denmark-Norway (As of Treaty of Kiel)	Norwegian Constituent Assembly
North Korea	National Liberation Day of Korea	Template:DTS	Japan	Kim Il Sung	Soviet Union
Padania	Padanian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flags Italy
Pakistan	Lahore Resolution	Template:DTS	United Kingdom	Muslim League (Pakistan)
Template:Flagcountry	Palestinian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Palestinian territories Jordan (claimed the West Bank until 1988)	Palestinian National Council	Arab League
Peru	Act of the Declaration of Independence of Peru	Template:DTS	Spain	José de San Martín	Argentina
Template:Flagicon Panama	Secession of Panama from Colombia	Template:DTS	Colombia		United States
Philippines	Philippine Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagdeco Spain	98 representatives of Dictatorial Government of the Philippines (ratified on September 29, 1898, by the Malolos Congress)
Provinces of the Río de la Plata (present-day: Argentina Bolivia Uruguay)	Argentine Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagdeco Spain	Congress of Tucumán	Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagcountry	Rhodesian Unilateral Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	United Kingdom	Ian Smith and the rest of the Cabinet
Romania	Romanian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Ottoman Empire	King Carol I
Russia	Belovezha Accords	Template:DTS	Soviet Union	Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	Bir Lehlou Declaration	Template:DTS	Template:Country data Spanish Sahara	Polisario Front	Madagascar
Template:Flagcountry	Declaration of Arbroath	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Scottish leaders
Serbia	The Proclamation (Proglašenije/Проглашеније)	Template:DTS	Ottoman Empire	Karađorđe Petrović and Serbian MPs
Singapore	Proclamation of Singapore	Template:DTS	Malaysia	Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore	United Kingdom
Slovakia	Slovak National Council's Declaration of Independence of the Slovak Nation	Template:DTS	Czechoslovakia	Slovak National Council	Czech Republic
Slovenia	Slovenian Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry		Croatia
Somaliland	Somaliland Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Somalia
South Korea	National Liberation Day of Korea	Template:DTS	Japan	Syngman Rhee	United States
South Carolina	Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union	Template:DTS	United States	South Carolinians in Charleston
Sri Lanka	Declaration of Independence of Sri Lanka (Then known as "Ceylon")	Template:DTS	United Kingdom
Arab Kingdom of Syria Syria	Syrian Declaration of Independence (1920)	Template:DTS	Ottoman Empire	Syrian National Congress
Template:Country data First Syrian Republic	Syrian Declaration of Independence (1941)	Template:DTS	Free France	Georges Catroux	United Kingdom Template:Country data Kingdom of Egypt
Template:Flagcountry	Texas Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Mexico		France
Texas, State of	A Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Texas Legislature
Template:Flagcountry	Tibet's Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	China	13th Dalai Lama	Template:Country data Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
Turkmenistan	About Independence and Bases of a State System of Turkmenistan	Template:DTS	Soviet Union	none	Turkey
Ukraine	IV Universal	Template:DTS	Template:Flagcountry	Central Council of Ukraine
Ukraine	Declaration of Independence of Ukraine	Template:DTS	Soviet Union	Verkhovna Rada	Canada Poland
United States	United States Declaration of Independence	Template:DTSTemplate:Efn-la	Template:Flagcountry	Second Continental Congress	Morocco
United Tribes of New Zealand	Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand	Template:DTS	—	Māori chiefs	United Kingdom
Uzbekistan	Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Soviet Union	Supreme Council of Uzbekistan	Turkey
Venezuela	Venezuelan Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Spain	National Congress
Template:Flagcountry	Vermont Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	United States British Quebec
Vietnam	Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam	Template:DTS	France	Hồ Chí Minh	China
Democratic Republic of the Yorubaland	Declaration of Independence	Template:DTS	Nigeria	Modupe Onitiri-Abiola and Ominira Yoruba Group

See also

• Independence referendum
• List of national independence days
• List of sovereign states by date of formation
• Political history of the world
• Separatism
• Unilateral declaration of independence

External links

• Template:Sister-inline

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