Jinju Formation

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "check for unknown parameters". The Jinju Formation (Korean: Script error: No such module "Lang".; Hanja: Script error: No such module "Lang".; RR: Script error: No such module "lang".Script error: No such module "Category handler".), also known as the Dongmyeong Formation (Korean: Script error: No such module "Lang".; Hanja: Script error: No such module "Lang".; RR: Script error: No such module "lang".Script error: No such module "Category handler".) in some literature is an Early Cretaceous geologic formation in South Korea.[1] Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation, although none have yet been referred to a specific genus.[2] The depositional age of this formation spans from approximately 112.4 ± 1.3 to 106.5 million years ago (early Albian) based on detrital zircon U-Pb dating.[3] It predominantly consists of black shale, with sandstone packets, deposited in a fluvial-lacustrine setting.

A diverse arthropod fauna, including freshwater arthropods, spiders, and insects, is known from the formation. Other notable fossils known from the formation include several freshwater fishes, ostracods, and plants. This formation has also "attracted global ichnological attention" for the variety of important ichnofossils.[4] Columnar and rod-shaped stromatolites have also been found here.[5]

Fossil content

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Plants

Plants of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Cupressinocladus C. sp.[6] The presence of this conifer indicates that a mixed type of the Tetori-Type and the Ryoseki-Type flora existed in this formation.
Ruffordia R. sp.[7] Schizaeaceae ferns
Cladophlebis C. sp.[7]
Sphenopteris S. sp.[7]
Onychiopsis O. elongata[8] leptosporangiate ferns
Brachyphyllum B. japonicum[8]
Equisetum E. cf. burchardti[9]

Spiders

Spiders of the Jinju Formation[10]
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Korearachne K. jinju Jinju likely to be a lycosoid
Koreamegops K. samsiki Jinju a lagonomegopid
Jinjumegops J. dalingwateri Jinju a lagonomegopid
Mygalomorphae indeterminate Jinju
Araneomorphae indeterminate Jinju
Palpimanoidea indeterminate Jinju
"Cribellate Entelegynae"
  • "species 1"
  • "species 2"
 Jinju

Insects

Odonata

Dragonflies and damselflies of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Hemeroscopus H. baissicus[11][12] Sacheon and Jinju Both nymphs and adults
Koreapodagrion K. coloratus[13] Jinju Isolated wings

Dermaptera

Earwigs of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
cf. Pygidicranoidea[14] indeterminate

Orthoptera

Orthopterans of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Panorpidium P. spica[15] A member of Elcanidae

Dictyoptera

Dictyopterans of the Jinju Formation[16]
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Cretophotina C. smidovae A member of Mantodea
Juramantis
  • J. jinjuensis
  • J. geongonrigam
Bubosa B. petrarosa A member of Blattidae
Neoblattella N. coockrock A member of Ectobiidae
Perlucipecta
  • P. jinjuicola
  • P. cyclopica
  • P. major
 A member of Mesoblattinidae
Praeblattella
  • P. tinctoria
  • P. decolor
Mongoloblatta M. koreaensis
Archimesoblatta A. basopicta
Spinaeblattina S. variabilitta
Jinjublatta J. cascadaerrorum
Stictolampra S. baqueuii A member of Blaberidae
Holocompsa H. scleroptera A member of Corydiidae
Ioouoonool I. taktobybolo
Asioblatta A. jeongchonensis A member of Raphidiomimidae
Cameloblatta C. immaculata
Tayphoonoblatta T. correntini
Ano A. ale A member of Liberiblattinidae
Brutalista B. masivny
Blattula B. pessimusestfinis A member of Blattulidae
Elisama
  • E. baeki
  • E. simplex
Ocellonlattula O. gyongsangensis
Vrtula V. jinjuensis
Memento M. futuri A member of Caloblattinidae
Sclerotermes[17] S. samsiki Jinju A termite known only from an isolated wing, uncertain placement
Umenocoleus[18] U. minimus A member of Umenocoleidae
Pseudoblattapterix[18] P. weoni
Petropterix[18]
  • P. koreaensis
  • P. oculata
  • P. nikdyviac
Blattapterix B. reticulata
Alienopterus A. imposter A member of Alienopteridae
Recyklovany R. koltoc
Caputoraptor C. ganggu
Indeterminate 5 indeterminate taxa

Hemiptera

Hemipterans of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Corixidae[19] indeterminate Sacheon
Jinjupopovina J. eosahwae[20] Jinju A member of Yuripopovinidae

Hymenoptera

Hymenopterans of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Korehelorus K. jinjuensis[21] Jinju A parasitic wasp belonging to the family Heloridae
Hanguksyntexis H. haeretica[22] Jinju A sawfly belonging to the family Anaxyelidae
Cretosphecium C. jinjuensis[23] Jinju A wasp belonging to the family Angarosphecidae

Raphidioptera

Snakeflies of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Mesoraphidia[24]
  • M. koreensis
  • M. phantasma
 A member of Mesoraphidiidae

Neuroptera

Lacewings of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Tachinymphes T. koraiensis[25] A member of the family Mesochrysopidae.
Araripeneura A. asiatica[26] A member of Araripeneuridae
Araripenymphes A. koreicus[26] A member of Cratosmylidae

Coleoptera

Beetles of the Jinju Formation[27]
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Coptoclava[28] C. sp. Jinju and Gunwi Nymph remains abundant; Adult remains relatively rare A member of the extinct family Coptoclavidae. Similar to C. longipoda, but assigned to a yet undescribed species since C. longipoda is usually considered to be a species complex. File:Larva of Coptoclava.jpg
Megalithomerus[29] M. magolhalmii A member of Elateridae
Koreagrypnus[29] K. jinju
Cretosaja[30] C. jinjuensis A member of Silphidae
Notocupes[31] N. premeris A member of Archostemata
Asiana[32] A. pax
Brochocoleus[32] B. sacheonensis A member of Ommatidae
B. cf. punctatus
Omma[32] O. sp.
Zygadenia[32] Z. cornigera
Laetopsia[33] L. leei A member of Hydrophiloidea
L. cf. hydraneoides
L. sp.
Cretotaenia[33] C. pallida
Psacodromeus[34] P. recta A member of Trachypachidae
Necronectulus[34] N. lazarus

Diptera

Flies of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Buccinatormyia[35] B. gangnami A member of the family Zhangsolvidae. Named after Gangnam Style, the famous K-Pop hit song

Crustaceans

Isopoda

Isopods of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Archaeoniscus[19] A. coreaensis Sacheon and Jinju A freshwater occurrence of the genus Archaeoniscus File:Archaeoniscus coreaensis.png

Ostracoda

Ostracods of the Jinju Formation[36][37]
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Scabriculocypris S. yanbianensis Jeongcheon
Cypridea
  • C. jinjuria
  • C. khandae
  • C. samesi[38]
 C. jinjuria in Gwanghyeon
Mongolocypris M. kohi[39]
Lycopterocypris L. cf. celsa Jeongcheon
Candona C. sp.
Djungarica D. sp. Jeongcheon
Rhinocypris R. sp. Previously assigned to as Ilyocypris sp.

Spinicaudata

Clam shrimps of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Yanjiestheria[40]
  • Y. kyongsangensis
  • Y. chekiangensis
  • Y. cf. wannanensis
  • Y. jinjuensis
  • Y. sp.

Vertebrates

Source:[41]

Actinopterygii

Fishes of the Jinju Formation[42]
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Wakinoichthys[43] W. aokii Multiple complete skeletons An osteoglossiform File:Wakinoichthys aokii.png
Jinjuichthys[44] J. cheongi Jinju Articulated skeletons A possible ichthyodectiform, though this classification remains controversial[45] File:Jinjuichthys.png
Albuliformes indeterminate
Sinamia S. sp. Articulated incomplete tail An amiiform
Lepidotes L. sp. Articulated skeleton, missing the anterior part of the head Largest fish found in this formation, reaching Template:Cvt in total length.
Elopiformes indeterminate A small fish, reaching Template:Cvt in total length. File:JInju Formation Elopifomes KIGAM.jpg

Archosauria

Reptiles of the Jinju Formation
Genus Species Region[46] Member Material Notes Image
Crocodyliformes indet.[47] Goryeong a right mandible
Titanosauriformes indet.[48][49] Sacheon and Goryeong teeth A tooth from Sacheon was initially suggested to be of Asian Brachiosaurid by Lim, Martin and Baek (2001), but Barrett et al. (2002) and Choi & Lee (2017) consider it to be indeterminate titanosauriform. Meanwhile, another tooth from Goryeong was suggested to be of Diplodocoidea by Yun et al. (2007), but Choi and Lee (2017) also considered it indeterminate titanosauriform.
Pterodactyloidea indet.[48][50] Goryeong teeth While the KPE 40001 suggested to be of Boreopterid origin by Choi & Lee (2017), Yun (2021) and Yun (2024) consider them to be Anhanguerian instead based on the morphological disparity from Boreopteridae and the results of two-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses.[51][52]

Mollusks

Bivalvia

Bivalves of the Jinju Formation[53]
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Plicatounio P. naktongensis
Nagdongia N. soni The genus Nagdongia is considered to be synonymous with Nakamuranaia by some.
Trigonioides T. jaehoi
Sphaeriun S. coreanicum[54]

Gastropoda

Gastropods of the Jinju Formation[7]
Genus Species Region Member Material Notes Image
Brotiopsis B. kobayashi Dominant gastropod of the formation
Thiara T. sp.
Viviparus[55] V. sp.

Ichnofossils

Unnamed ichnofossils from the Jinju Formation include Ornithopod tracks and Caddisfly bioherms.[5]

Ichnofossils of the Jinju Formation
Ichnogenus Ichnospecies Region Member Material Notes Image
Gyeongsangsauropus[56] G. isp. Jinju Sauropod tracks
Grallator[57] G. isp. Jinju Theropod track; similar to the ichnospecies G. yangi
Corpulentapus[57] C. isp. Jinju Theropod track
Asianopodus[57] A. isp. Jinju Theropod track
Minisauripus M. isp.[4] Jinju One of the smallest known theropod tracks. Currently the oldest record of this ichnogenus from South Korea. File:Jinju Formation Minisauripus.webp
Dromaeosauriformipes[58] D. rarus Jinju The smallest known non-avian dinosaur didactyl tracks possibly made by a small microraptorine, with indication of important flight behaviors such as flap-running, take-off, and landing.[59] File:Photograph and diagram of the holotype and paratype of Dromaeosauriformipes rarus.webp
Dromaeosauripus[60] D. jinjuensis Namhae[46] Didactyl tracks made by a Template:Cvt tall dromaeosaur.
Ignotornis I. seoungjoseoi[61] Sacheon Bird Track
Jindongornipes J. isp.[61] Sacheon Bird Track
Koreasaltipes[62] K. jinjuensis Jinju[46] Traces left by a hopping mammal
Neosauroides N. innovatus[63] Jinju The largest reported lizard trackway in South Korea. File:Holotype of Neosauroides innovatus.webp
cf. Chelichnus[64] Sacheon[46] Turtle trackway; first identified as Chelonipus isp.[65]
Ranipes[64] indeterminate Jinju Oldest known frog trackway. Made by a species that hopped in short distances.
Crocodylopodus[66] C. isp. Sacheon and Jinju First report of this ichnogenus from Asia.
Batrachopus B. grandis[67] Sacheon Archosaur track made by either a bipedal crocodylomorph or therizinosaur;[68] the pterosaur trackway ichnospecies Haenamichnus gainensis from the Haman Formation is now assigned to this species as B. cf. grandis.[67] Paleontologist James I. Kirkland expresses doubts on the ichnogenus assignment.[69]
Pteraichnus Pterosaur trackway. P. seopoensis is currently a naked name, since it was only described in a master's thesis.
Lockeia L. gigantus[55] Resting trace, made by bivalve tracemakers
Diplichnites D. isp.[7] Arthropod tracks
Coclichnus C. isp.[7] Trace by Annelida tracemakers
Radialimbricatus[72] R. bitoensis Potential tracemakers include arthropods, cnidarians or annelids
Protovirgularia[73] P. dichotoma First nonmarine occurrence of this ichnotaxon; possibly made by larvae of dragonfly[74]
Fictovichnus[75] indeterminate Probable insect cocoon or pupation chamber; the earliest record of an insect pupation structure probably associated with a burrow
Chondrites C. isp.[76]
Palaeophycus P. tubularis[76]
Helminthopsis H. hieroglyphica[76]
Skolithos S. magnus[76]
Taenidium T. barretti[76]
Torrowangea T. rosei[76]

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Jinju Formation in the Paleobiology Database
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Bibliography

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