Ichthyodectiformes
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
Ichthyodectiformes is an extinct order of marine stem-teleost ray-finned fish. The order is named after the genus Ichthyodectes, established by Edward Drinker Cope in 1870. Ichthyodectiforms are usually considered to be some of the closest relatives of the teleost crown group.[1]
They were most diverse throughout the Cretaceous period, though basal forms like Thrissops, Occithrissops and Allothrissops are known from the Middle-Late Jurassic of Europe and North America. They were almost entirely wiped out by the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event, but a single species, Saurocephalus lanciformis, appears to have survived into the earliest Paleocene (Danian).[2]
Most ichthyodectiforms ranged between Script error: No such module "convert". in length. Most of known taxa were predators, feeding on smaller fish; in several cases, larger ichthyodectiforms preyed on smaller members of the order. Some species had remarkably large teeth, though others, such as Gillicus arcuatus, had small ones and sucked in their prey. Heckelichthys preopercularis is a rare example of non-predatory ichthyodectiform, more likely to be microphagous, fed on small particles.[3] There is evidence that at least one species, Xiphactinus audax, may have been endothermic ("warm-blooded").[4] Another genus, Dugaldia, may have been able to laterally open its mouth extremely wide in a manner akin to the modern sarcastic fringehead.[5]
Systematics
The basal phylogeny is badly resolved, leading to many ichthyodectiforms that are simply known to be rather primitive, but where nothing certain can be said about their precise relationships.
<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>
Template:ExtinctIchthyodectiformes[1][6][7]
- Template:ExtinctAfricathrissops Taverne, 2010[8]
- Template:ExtinctAllothrissops Nybelin, 1964
- Template:ExtinctAntarctithrissops Arratia et al., 2004[9]
- Template:ExtinctAscalabothrissops? Arratia, 2000[10]
- Template:ExtinctCapassoichthys Taverne, 2015[11]
- Template:ExtinctCarsothrissops d'Erasmo, 1946[12]
- Template:ExtinctDugaldia Lees, 1990
- Template:ExtinctFaugichthys Taverne & Chanet, 2000
- Template:ExtinctFurloichthys Taverne & Capasso, 2018[11]
- Template:ExtinctOccithrissops Schaeffer & Patterson, 1984
- Template:ExtinctOgunichthys Alvarado-Ortega & Brito, 2009
- Template:ExtinctPachythrissops? Woodward, 1919
- Template:ExtinctPrymnetes Cope, 1871[13]
- Template:ExtinctThrissops Agassiz, 1843
- Template:ExtinctSultanuvaisia Nesov, 1981
- Template:ExtinctUnamichthys Alvarado-Ortega, 2004
- Template:ExtinctVerraesichthys Taverne, 2010
- Template:ExtinctChuhsiungichthyidae? Yabumoto, 1994[14][15]
- Template:ExtinctChuhsiungichthys? Lew, 1974
- Template:ExtinctJinjuichthys? Kim et al., 2014
- Template:ExtinctMesoclupea? Ping & Yen, 1933
- Template:ExtinctBardackichthyidae? Hacker & Shimada, 2021
- Template:ExtinctBardackichthys? Hacker & Shimada, 2021[15]
- Template:ExtinctCladocyclidae Maisey, 1991
- Template:ExtinctAidachar Nesov, 1981[16]
- Template:ExtinctChirocentrites Heckel, 1849
- Template:ExtinctChiromystus Cope, 1885
- Template:ExtinctCladocyclus Agassiz, 1841
- Template:ExtinctCladocynodon de Mayrinck et al., 2023[17]
- Template:ExtinctEubiodectes Hay, 1903
- Template:ExtinctIchthyodectidae Crook, 1892
- Template:ExtinctCooyoo Bartholomai & Less, 1987
- Template:ExtinctGhrisichthys Cavin et al., 2013
- Template:ExtinctIchthyodectes Cope, 1870
- Template:ExtinctPostredectes Kaddumi, 2009[18]
- Template:ExtinctXiphactinus Leidy, 1870
- Template:ExtinctHeckelichthyidae Alvarado-Ortega, 2024[15]
- Template:ExtinctAltamuraichthys? Taverne, 2016
- Template:ExtinctAmakusaichthys Yabumoto et al., 2020
- Template:ExtinctGarganoichthys? Taverne, 2009
- Template:ExtinctHeckelichthys Taverne, 2008
- Template:ExtinctSaurodontidae Cope, 1870[19][20]
- Template:ExtinctGillicus Cope, 1875
- Template:ExtinctGwawinapterus Arbour & Currie, 2011[21]
- Template:ExtinctProsaurodon Stewart, 1999
- Template:ExtinctSaurocephalus Harlan, 1824
- Template:ExtinctSaurodon Hay, 1830
- Template:ExtinctVallecillichthys Blanco & Cavin, 2003
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Cope, E. D. (1870). On the Saurodontidæ. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 11:529-538
- ↑ Cope, E. D. (1873). On two new species of Saurodontidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 25:2-339
- ↑ Vullo, R., Buffetaut, E. and Everhart, M.J. (2012). "Reappraisal of Gwawinapterus beardi from the Late Cretaceous of Canada: a saurodontid fish, not a pterosaur." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 32(5): 1198-1201. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".