Jian'ou dialect
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The Jian'ou dialect (Northern Min: Template:Sans-serif / Script error: No such module "Lang".; Chinese: Template:Zh), also known as Kienow dialect, is a local dialect of Northern Min Chinese spoken in Jian'ou in northern Fujian province. It is regarded as the standard common language in Jian'ou.
Phonetics and phonology
According to The Eight Tones of Kien-chou (Script error: No such module "Lang".), a rime dictionary published in 1795, the Jian'ou dialect had 15 initials, 34 rimes and 7 tones in the 18th century, however there are only 6 tones in the modern dialect as the "light level" (Script error: No such module "Lang".) tone has disappeared.
Initials
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||
| Plosive | voiceless unaspirated | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link |
| voiceless aspirated | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||
| Affricate | voiceless unaspirated | Template:IPA link | |||
| voiceless aspirated | Template:IPA link | ||||
| Fricative | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |||
| Approximant | Template:IPA link | ||||
Rimes
| Open syllable | Nasal coda | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open mouth | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link[1] | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link[2] | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". [3] | |||
| Even mouth | Template:IPA link | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA".[4] | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||||||
| Closed mouth | Template:IPA link | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". [5] | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". [6] | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||||||||
| Round mouth | Template:IPA link | Script error: No such module "IPA". [5] | Script error: No such module "IPA". [6] | |||||||||||||
Tones
Jian'ou has four tones, which are reduced to two in checked syllables.
| Tone number | Tone name | Tone contour |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | level (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "IPA". (54) or Script error: No such module "IPA". (5) |
| 2 | rising (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "IPA". (21) or Script error: No such module "IPA". (1) |
| 3 | dark departing (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | ˧ (3) |
| 4 | light departing (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "IPA". (4) |
| 5 | dark entering (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "IPA". (24) |
| 6 | light entering (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "IPA". (42) |
The entering tones in the Jian'ou dialect do not have any entering tone coda (Script error: No such module "Lang".) such as Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". which makes it distinct from many other Chinese varieties.
Notes
References
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- ↑ /e/ tends to merge to [ɪ]
- ↑ /o/ tends to merge to [ʊ]
- ↑ Script error: No such module "IPA". which is mentioned in Kienning Colloquial Romanized has merged into Script error: No such module "IPA". in the modern dialect.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "IPA". is not mentioned in Kienning Colloquial Romanized as it diverged from Script error: No such module "IPA". after the romanization system was established.
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "IPA". tends to merge into Script error: No such module "IPA"..
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "IPA". tends to merge into Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Sources
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- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
External links
- Cantonese and other dialects Script error: No such module "webarchive". (in Chinese)
- Classification of Northern Min Dialects from Glossika
- Jian'ou Romanized Vernacular Bible
Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Min Chinese Script error: No such module "Authority control".