Haripuñjaya

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Haripuñjaya[1][2][3] (Central and Northern Thai: Script error: No such module "Lang". RTGS: Script error: No such module "lang"., also spelled Haribhuñjaya) was a Mon kingdom in what is now Northern Thailand, existing from the 7th or 8th to 13th century CE. Its capital was at Lamphun, which at the time was also called Haripuñjaya.[4]Template:Rp In 1292 the city was besieged and captured by Mangrai of the Tai kingdom of Lan Na.[4]Template:Rp

The kingdom is referred to as K'un-lun in ancient Chinese records.[5]Template:Rp

Founding

According to the Camadevivamsa, Jinakalamali and Singhanavati chronicles, the city was founded between 629–57 AD[6] by four hermits named Suthep, Sukatanata, Tapanana, and Chantasikatungka.[6] Hermit Sukatanata requested the Mon ruler of the Lavo Kingdom (present-day Lopburi) to send his daughter, Jamadevi, to become the first queen of the city.[6] However, this date is now considered too early, and the actual beginning is placed at around 750 AD.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". At that time, most of what is now central Thailand was under the rule of various Mon city-states, known collectively as the Dvaravati kingdom. Queen Jamadevi gave birth to twins, the older succeeding her as the ruler of Lamphun, and the younger becoming ruler of neighboring Lampang.

The local legend said that at the beginning of her reign, Haripuñjaya's Jamadevi defeated the Lawa dynasty's Khun Luang Wilangka, the 13th king of Raming Nakhon (Script error: No such module "Lang".[7]), but her 2 princes married the 2 princesses of King Vilanga and both dynasties became allies.[8]Template:Rp

Flourishing and downfall

File:Buddha Shakyamuni LACMA AC1993.210.2.jpg
A Haripuñjaya statue of the Buddha Shakyamuni from the 12th-13th century CE

In the twelfth century, during the reign of King Adityaraja, who, together with his brother Chadachota (Script error: No such module "Lang".), were previously princes of Suphannabhum but fled to Haripuñjaya after the kingdom was annexed by Lavo of Tambralinga's prince Kampoch,[9]Template:Rp came into conflict with the Khmers who took over Lavo from Tambralinga in 1002. Adityaraja, with an assist from Suphannabhum,[9]Template:Rp annexed Lavo in 1052 and appointed his brother, Chadachota, the king of Lavo. This marked the end of Khmer influence in the Menam Valley.[10]Template:Rp Lamphun inscriptions from 1213, 1218, and 1219, mention King Sabbadhisiddhi endowing Buddhist monuments.[4]Template:Rp

The chronicles say that Austroasiatic-speaking people, possibly Kuy people and/or Lawa people, from the northern polity of Umongasela (Script error: No such module "Lang".) in the present-day Fang unsuccessfully besieged Haripuñjaya several times during the 10th–11th century. In 957, due to such invasions, a Haripuñjaya noble named Aphai Kamini (Script error: No such module "Lang".) went south and refounded Sukhothai, which previously was abandoned around the 6th century.[11]Template:Rp

The early 13th century was a golden time for Haripuñjaya, as the chronicles talk only about religious activities or constructing buildings, not about wars. Nevertheless, Haripuñjaya was besieged in 1292 by the Tai Yuan king Mangrai, who incorporated it into his Lan Na ("One Million Rice Fields") kingdom. The plan set up by Mangrai to overpower Haripuñjaya began by dispatching Ai Fa (Template:Langx) on an espionage mission to create chaos in Haripuñjaya. Ai Fa managed to spread discontent among the population, which weakened Haripuñjaya and made it possible for Mangrai to take the kingdom over.[12]Template:Rp[13][14][15] Phraya Yi Ba, the last king of Haripuñjaya, was forced to flee south to Lampang.[4]Template:Rp

List of rulers

Names of monarchs of the Haripuñjaya kingdom according to Tamnan Hariphunchai (History of Kingdom of Haripuñjaya):Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

  1. Camadevi (662-669)
  2. Hanayos (669-749), son of the previous[16]Template:Rp
  3. Kumanjaraj (749-789), son of the previous.[16]Template:Rp
  4. Rudantra (789-816), son of the previous.[16]Template:Rp
  5. Sonamanjusaka (816-846)[16]Template:Rp
  6. Samsara (846-856), son of the previous.[16]Template:Rp
  7. Padumaraj (856-886)[16]Template:Rp
  8. Kusadeva (886-894)[16]Template:Rp
  9. Nokaraj
  10. Dasaraj
  11. Gutta
  12. Sera
  13. Yuvaraj
  14. Brahmtarayo
  15. Muksa
  16. Traphaka (924–927)[16]Template:Rp
  17. Uchitajakraphad, King of Lavo (927–930)[16]Template:Rp
  18. Kampol (930–951)[16]Template:Rp
  19. Jakaphadiraj, King of Atikuyaburi or Jinghong (951–960)[16]Template:Rp
  20. Vasudev
  21. Yeyyala
  22. Maharaj, King of Lampang
  23. Sela
  24. Kanjana
  25. Chilanka
  26. Phunthula
  27. Ditta
  28. Chettharaj
  29. Jeyakaraj
  30. Phatijjaraj
  31. Thamikaraj
  32. Ratharaj
  33. Saphasith
  34. Chettharaj
  35. Jeyakaraj
  36. Datvanyaraj
  37. Ganga
  38. Siribun
  39. Uthen
  40. Phanton
  41. Atana
  42. Havam
  43. Trangal (1195-1196)
  44. Yotta (1196-1270)
  45. Yip (1270-1292)

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b c Multiple sources:
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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  • 'Historic Lamphun: Capital of the Mon Kingdom of Haripunchai', in: Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David, Ancient Chiang Mai Volume 4. Chiang Mai, Cognoscenti Books, 2012. ASIN B006J541LE
  • Swearer, Donald K. and Sommai Premchit. The Legend of Queen Cama: Bodhiramsi's Camadevivamsa, a Translation and Commentary. New York: State University of New York Press, 1998.

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