Guk

Guk (Korean: Template:Category handler), also sometimes known as tang (; Template:Category handler), is a class of soup-like dishes in Korean cuisine. Guk and tang are commonly grouped together and regarded as the same type of dish, although tang can sometimes be less watery than guk. It is one of the most basic components in a Korean meal, along with bap (밥, rice), and banchan (반찬, side dishes). In Korean table setting, guk is served on the right side of bap (rice), and left side of sujeo (수저, a spoon and chopsticks).

Guk is a native Korean word, while tang is a Sino-Korean word that originally meant "boiling water" or "soup". Tang has been used as an honorific term in place of guk, when it denotes the same meaning as guk as in yeonpo-tang (연포탕, octopus soup), daegu-tang (대구탕, codfish soup), or jogae-tang (조개탕, clam soup). Generally, the names of lighter soups with vegetables are suffixed with -guk, while heavier, thicker soups made with more solid ingredients used in jesa (ancestral rites) are often referred to as tang. Gamja-guk (potato soup) and gamja-tang (pork back-bone stew) are different dishes; the potato soup can be called gamjeo-tang.

Types

Guk is largely categorized into four groups of soups, such as malgeun jangguk (Template:Category handler), gomguk (Template:Category handler), tojangguk (Template:Category handler), and naengguk (Template:Category handler). Malgeun jangguk literally means "clear (malgeun, 맑은) soup (guk, 국) seasoned with a condiment (jang, 장)," such as doenjang (soy bean paste) or ganjang, and is served in a bansang (반상, regular meal table). The main ingredients for malgeun jangguk are meat, fish, vegetables, and seafoods. Gomguk, also called gomtang, refers to either a soup type made by boiling various beef parts such as rib, oxtail, brisket, head, and so forth for a long time, or made with ox bone by the same method. The broth of gomguk tends to have a milky color and to be rich and hearty taste. It can also be made with chicken or pork bone, to produce samgyetang or gamjatang.

Tojangguk are based on doenjang broth and ssaltteumul (쌀뜨물, leftover water after washing rice for cooking). The taste is usually savory and deep. Naengguk are cold soups usually eaten in summer. These soups are usually clean and tangy, such as with oi naengguk (오이냉국, cold cucumber) and miyeok naengguk (미역냉국, cold wakame soup). Kkaetguk (깻국, sesame soup), made with chicken and sesame seeds, is thick and serves to replenish and supplement nutrients during hot weather.

Malgeun jangguk

File:Korean clam soup-Jaecheopguk-01.jpg

Jaecheopguk, small shellfish soup one of malgeun jangguk

• Tteokguk (), tteok (rice cake) soup
• Miyeok guk (), wakame (edible seaweed) soup
• Kongnamul guk (), made with kongnamul
• Muguk (), made with radish
• Gamjaguk (), made with potato
• Toranguk (), made with taro
• Bugeoguk (), made with dried Alaska pollock
• Bogeoguk (), made with puffer fish
• Jogaeguk (), made with shellfish
  • Jaecheopguk (), soup made with jaecheop (small clams, Corbicula fluminea) harvested in rivers of Gyeongsang Province

Gomguk

File:Korean.food-Seolleongtang-01.jpg

Seolleongtang, one of the types of gomguk

• Beef
  • Gomguk/gomtang (/, ):
    • Sagol gomtang (Template:Category handler), pale-bone broths garnished with oxtail or sliced brisket
    • Kkori gomtang (Template:Category handler), ox tail soup
  • Seolleongtang (Template:Category handler): ox leg bone soup simmered for more than 10 hours until the soup is milky-white. Usually served in a bowl containing somyeon and pieces of beef. Sliced scallions and black pepper are used as condiments
  • Galbitang (), made with galbi or beef ribs
  • Yukgaejang (Template:Category handler), beef soup with red chili flakes, soy sauce and bean sprouts
  • Doganitang (), soup from knuckles and bones
• Chicken and pork
  • Samgyetang (Template:Category handler), a soup made with Cornish game hens that are stuffed with ginseng, a hedysarum, glutinous rice, jujubes, garlic, and chestnuts; the soup is traditionally eaten in the summer
  • Gamjatang (감자탕, "potato stew"), a spicy soup made with pork spine, vegetables (especially potatoes), and hot peppers; the vertebrae are usually separated, and the dish is often served as a late night snack but may also be served for lunch or dinner
  • Dwaeji gukbap (Template:Category handler), a representative regional hearty pork-parts soup with rice of coastal Gyeongsang-do

Tojangguk

File:Ugeojiguk (outer leaves soup).jpg

Ugeojiguk

Tojangguk are eaten all year round. The term emerged in the 1930s in Korean cookbooks.

• Sigeumchi tojangguk (Template:Category handler), made with spinach
• Auk tojangguk (Template:Category handler), made with malva
• Naengi tojangguk (Template:Category handler), made with horseradish
• Ugeojiguk (Template:Category handler), made with ugeoji (우거지, dried napa cabbage)
• Daseulgiguk (Template:Category handler), made with freshwater snails (다슬기, Semisulcospira libertina)

Naengguk

File:Oimiyeoknaengguk (cold cucumber wakame soup).jpg

Cold cucumber wakame soup

File:Kongnamulnaengguk (cold soybean sprout soup).jpg

Cold soybean sprout soup

Naengguk refers to all kinds of cold soups, mainly eaten in summer. They are also called changuk (literally "cold soup") in pure Korean while the term naengguk is a combination of a Hanja word and a pure Korean word with the same meaning. The first historical record on naengguk appears in a poem written by Yi Gyu-bo (1168–1241), a high officer of the Goryeo period (918–1392). Naengguk is referred to as "sungaeng" in the poem, which literally means sunchaeguk, soup made with sunchae (Brasenia schreberi). Yi praised its clear and plain taste.

Naengguk is generally divided into two categories according to taste and ingredients. One group of naengguk is made by mixing chilled water and vinegar to give a sweet and sour taste; examples include miyeok naengguk made with wakame, oi naengguk made with cucumber, pa naengguk made with spring onions, nameul naengguk made with garlic, and gim naengguk made with gim or nori. The other group is made to supplement health and has rich tastes, such as chilled soup made with chicken, sesame, or soy bean.

• Miyeok naengguk (Template:Category handler), cold wakame soup
• Oi naengguk (Template:Category handler), cold cucumber soup
• Kkaetguk (Template:Category handler), hearty cold soup made with chicken and ground sesame seeds
• Naengkongguk (Template:Category handler), made with ground soybeans and can be used for kongguksu
• Kongnamul naengguk (Template:Category handler), made with kongnamul

Ingredients

• Maeuntang (Template:Category handler): a refreshing, hot and spicy fish soup.
• Haejangguk (Template:Category handler): a favorite hangover cure consisting usually of meaty pork spine, ugeoji (우거지 dried napa cabbage) coagulated ox blood (similar to blood pudding), and vegetables in a hearty beef broth; legend has it that soon after World War II, the restaurant that invented this stew was the only place open in the Jongno district when the curfew at the time lifted at 4:00 AM
• Haemultang (Template:Category handler): made with various seafood
• Haemuljaptang (Template:Category handler), made with seafood and beef offal, once part of the Korean royal court cuisine
• Altang (Template:Category handler): can be made with myeongran jeot (Template:Category handler), salted and fermented Alaska pollack's roe seasoned with chili pepper or fresh roe
• Chueotang (Template:Category handler): made with Misgurnus mizolepis
• Yongbongtang (Template:Category handler): made with chicken, carp and softshell turtle
• Manduguk (Template:Category handler): mandu soup
• Wanjatang (Template:Category handler): made with wanja (meatball-like jeon)
• Gyerantang (Template:Category handler): soup made with eggs
• Ssukkuk (Template:Category handler): made with ssuk (Artemisia indica)
• Sundaeguk (Template:Category handler): made with Sundae (or pork blood sausage) and sometimes it includes fatty pieces of intestine (gopchang), liver, lungs, bits of cartilage, and meat.

Gukbap

Gukbap (국밥, ) are dishes developed from guk. The term literally means "soup with rice." The dish is typically served in restaurants, and has become popular among the working class since the late Joseon Dynasty.

• Kongnamul gukbap (Template:Category handler), clear soybean sprout (kongnamul) soup with rice
• Gul-gukbap (Template:Category handler) – oyster and rice soup.
• Ttaro gukbap (Template:Category handler), a variety of yukgaejang, local specialty of Daegu

See also

• Jeongol
• Jjigae
• List of soups

External links

• Soups and stews from Food in Korea