Gija language

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Gija (variously spelled Kija, Kitja, Gidja[1]) is an Australian Aboriginal language today spoken by about 200 people, most of whom live in the region from Halls Creek to Kununurra and west to Lansdowne and Tableland Stations in Western Australia. It is a member of the Jarragan language family, a non-Pama-Nyungan family in the East Kimberley.[1] The Argyle Diamond Mine, on the south-western corner of Lake Argyle, is on the borders of Gija and Miriwoong country. The Purnululu National Park (Gija orthography: 'Boornoolooloo'[1]), which contains the Bungle Bunglee Range, is located mostly in Gija country.

Kuluwarrang and Walgi may have been dialects.

Phonology

Consonants

Peripheral Laminal Apical
Labial Velar Dental Palatal Alveolar Retroflex
Stop p k c t ʈ
Nasal m ŋ ɲ n ɳ
Lateral ʎ l ɭ
Rhotic r ɻ
Approximant w j
  • Voiceless stops /p, k, t̪, c, t, ʈ/ can have voiced allophones [b, ɡ, d̪, ɟ, d, ɖ] when in intervocalic positions or when following nasals or liquid consonants. They can also be heard as unreleased when in word-final position.
  • /p, k/ can also be heard as fricatives [β, ɣ] in intervocalic positions or when following liquid consonants.
  • /t̪/ can freely be heard as an affricate [t̪θ] when in initial positions, and also be heard as either voiced fricative [ð] or affricate [d̪ð] sounds when in intervocalic positions.
  • /t, ʈ/ can be heard as flap sounds [ɾ, ɽ] when in intervocalic positions.
  • /r/ can have a voiced flap sound [ɾ] when in intervocalic positions. In word-final positions, it has a voiceless trill [r̥] allophone.

Vowels

Front Central Back
High i ɨ u
Low a aː
Phoneme Allophones
/i/ [i], [ɪ]
/ɨ/ [ɨ], [ɯ]
/u/ [u], [ʊ]
/a/ [ä], [e], [ʌ], [ɔ]

See also

  • Frances Kofod; Eileen Bray; Rusty Peters; Joe Blythe; Anna Crane et al. (2022). Gija Dictionary. 1st edn. Canberra, ACT: Aboriginal Studies Press. Template:ISBN.
  • Template:Cite Q

References

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External links

Template:Australian Aboriginal languages


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