Central and Eastern Europe

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Central and Eastern Europe is a geopolitical term encompassing the countries in Northeast Europe (primarily the Baltics), Central Europe (primarily the Visegrád Group[1][2]), Eastern Europe, and Southeast Europe (primarily the Balkans), usually meaning former communist states from the Eastern Bloc and Warsaw Pact in Europe, as well as from former Yugoslavia. Scholarly literature often uses the abbreviations CEE or CEEC for this term.[3][4][5] The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) also uses the term "Central and Eastern European Countries" (CEECs) for a group comprising some of these countries. This term is sometimes used as an alternative to the term "Eastern Europe," for more neutral grouping.[6][7][8][9][10]

File:European Regions EuroVoc (Denmark in Northern Europe).png
European subregions according to EuroVoc: <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Central and Eastern Europe
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  Northern Europe
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  Southern Europe
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  Western Europe
File:Eastern-Europe-small.png
The pre-1989 Eastern Bloc and SFR Yugoslavia (orange) superimposed on 2005 European borders
File:Balto-Slavic.svg
The map of the Balto-Slavic language branch

Definitions

The term CEE includes the Eastern Bloc (Warsaw Pact) countries west of the post-World War II border with the former Soviet Union; the independent states in former Yugoslavia (which were not considered part of the Eastern bloc); and the three Baltic states – Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania (which chose not to join the CIS with the other 12 former republics of the USSR). The CEE countries are further subdivided by their accession status to the European Union (EU): the eight first-wave accession countries that joined the EU on 1 May 2004 (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, and Slovenia), the two second-wave accession countries that joined on 1 January 2007 (Romania and Bulgaria) and the third-wave accession country that joined on 1 July 2013 (Croatia). According to the World Bank 2008 analysis, the transition to advanced market economies is over for all 10 countries that joined the EU in 2004 and 2007.[11]

The CEE countries include the former socialist states, which extend east of Austria, Germany (western part), and Italy; north of Greece and Turkey (European part); south of Finland and Sweden; and west of Belarus, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine:

Country Template:Country data European Union Template:Country data NATO Notes
Template:Country data Albania Candidate negotiating Member state
Template:Country data Bosnia and Herzegovina Candidate Membership Action Plan
Template:Country data Bulgaria Member state Member state [12][13]
Template:Country data Croatia Member state Member state [12][13]
Template:Country data Czech Republic Member state Member state [12][13]
Template:Country data Estonia Member state Member state [12][13]
Template:Country data Hungary Member state Member state [12][13]
Template:Country data Kosovo Applicant — Partially recognized state
Template:Country data Latvia Member state Member state [12][13]
Template:Country data Lithuania Member state Member state [12][13]
Template:Country data Montenegro Candidate negotiating Member state
Template:Country data North Macedonia Candidate negotiating Member state [12][13]
Template:Country data Poland Member state Member state [12][13]
Template:Country data Romania Member state Member state [12][13]
Template:Country data Serbia Candidate negotiating Individual Partnership Action Plan
Template:Country data Slovakia Member state Member state [12][13]
Template:Country data Slovenia Member state Member state [12][13]
Template:Country data Abkhazia — — Partially recognized state[14]
Template:Country data Armenia — Individual Partnership Action Plan Member state of CIS and CSTO
Template:Country data Azerbaijan — Individual Partnership Action Plan Member state of CIS
Template:Country data Belarus — — Member state of CIS and CSTO
Template:Country data Georgia Candidate Intensified Dialogue
Template:Country data Moldova Candidate negotiating Individual Partnership Action Plan Member state of CIS
Template:Country data Russia — — Member state of CIS and CSTO
Template:Country data South Ossetia — — Partially recognized state[15]
Template:Country data Transnistria — — Partially recognized state[16]
Template:Country data Ukraine Candidate negotiating Intensified Dialogue

According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, "Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) is an OECD term for the group of countries comprising Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and the three Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania."[13]

The term Central and Eastern Europe (abbreviated CEE) has displaced the alternative term East-Central Europe in the context of transition countries, mainly because the abbreviation ECE is ambiguous: it commonly stands for Economic Commission for Europe, rather than East-Central Europe.[17]

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ J. Kim, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary: Recent Developments, CRS 1996, Federation of American Scientists on-line version Template:Webarchive
  2. ↑ J.Winiecki, East-Central Europe: A Regional Survey. The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia in 1993, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 46, No. 5 (1994), pp. 709–734
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Z. Lerman, C. Csaki, and G. Feder, Agriculture in Transition: Land Policies and Evolving Farm Structures in Post-Soviet Countries, Lexington Books, Lanham, MD (2004), see, e.g., Table 1.1, p. 4.
  5. ↑ J. Swinnen, ed., Political Economy of Agrarian Reform in Central and Eastern Europe, Ashgate, Aldershot (1997).
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Template:Abkhazia note
  15. ↑ Template:South Ossetia-note
  16. ↑ Template:Transnistria note
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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