Ef (Cyrillic)
Template:Short description Template:Hatnote group Template:Infobox grapheme
Ef or Fe (Ф ф; italics: Ф ф or Ф ф; italics: Ф ф) is a Cyrillic letter, commonly representing the voiceless labiodental fricative Script error: No such module "IPA"., like the pronunciation of Template:Angbr in fill, flee or fall. The Cyrillic letter Ef is romanized as Template:Angbr.
History
The Cyrillic letter Ef was derived from the Greek letter Phi (Φ φ). It merged with and eliminated the letter Fita (Ѳ) in the Russian alphabet in 1918.
The name of Ef in the Early Cyrillic alphabet is Script error: No such module "Lang". (Template:Translit or Template:Translit), in later Church Slavonic and Russian form it became Script error: No such module "Lang". (Template:Translit).[1]
In the Cyrillic numeral system, Ef has a value of 500.
Appearance and usage in Slavic languages
The Slavic languages have almost no native words containing Script error: No such module "IPA".. This sound did not exist in Proto-Indo-European (PIE). It arose in Greek and Latin from PIE Script error: No such module "Lang". (which yielded Slavic Script error: No such module "IPA".). In some instances in Latin, it represented historical th-fronting and derived from Proto-Indo-European Script error: No such module "Lang".. In the Germanic languages, the f sound arose from PIE Script error: No such module "Lang". via Grimm's law, which remained unchanged in Slavic. The letter ф is thus almost exclusively found in words of foreign origin, especially Greek (from φ and sometimes from θ), Latin, French, German, Dutch, English, and Turkic languages
Example borrowings in Russian:
- from Greek: Script error: No such module "Lang"., "catastrophe" (from φ); Script error: No such module "Lang"., "Theodore" (from θ; cf. Bulgarian Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- from Latin: Script error: No such module "Lang"., "federation"; Script error: No such module "Lang"., "effect"
- from German: Script error: No such module "Lang"., "potato" (from Kartoffel); Script error: No such module "Lang"., "pound" (from Pfund)
- from Dutch: Script error: No such module "Lang"., "flag"
- from English: Script error: No such module "Lang"., "office"
- from French: Script error: No such module "Lang"., "France"
The few native Slavic words with this letter (in different languages) are examples of onomatopoeia (like Russian verbs Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". etc.) or reflect sporadic pronunciation shifts:
- from пв Script error: No such module "IPA".: Serbian Script error: No such module "Lang". 'to hope' (cf. Church Slavonic Script error: No such module "Lang". 'to hope')
- from хв Script error: No such module "IPA".: Macedonian Script error: No such module "Lang". '(he) understands' (cf. Church Slavonic Script error: No such module "Lang". 'to take, to catch'), Russian Script error: No such module "Lang". 'bustard' (cf. Ukrainian Script error: No such module "Lang". 'bustard')
- from кв Script error: No such module "IPA".: Russian Script error: No such module "Lang". 'eagle-owl' (cf. Ukrainian Script error: No such module "Lang". 'to cry')
- from х Script error: No such module "IPA".: Russian toponym Script error: No such module "Lang". 'Fili' (from Script error: No such module "Lang". 'sickly')
Slavic languages
Ef is the 21st letter of the Bulgarian alphabet; the 22nd letter of the Russian alphabet; the 23rd letter of the Belarusian alphabet; the 25th letter of the Serbian and Ukrainian alphabet; and the 26th letter of the Macedonian alphabet. It represents the consonant Script error: No such module "IPA". unless it is before a palatalizing vowel, when it represents Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Related letters and other similar characters
- Φ φ/ϕ : Greek letter Phi
- Ѳ ѳ : Cyrillic letter Fita
- F f : Latin letter F
- Փ փ : Armenian letter Piwr
- Q q Latin letter Q
- Ჶ ჶ Fi (letter)
Computing codes
Cultural references
The phraseologism "Script error: No such module "Lang".", "to stand as Template:Translit" means "to stand with arms akimbo".
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".