Cypripedium macranthos
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Cypripedium macranthos, commonly known as the large-flowered cypripedium or Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang-zh".),[1] is a species of orchid native to Russia and East Asia.
Distribution and habitat
Cypripedium macranthos has a widespread distribution across Russia (European Russia and Siberia), Kazakhstan, Mongolia (Huvsgul, Hentii, Mongol Daguur, and Khyangan), Japan, Korea, China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, and Shandong provinces) and Taiwan. It may also be found in Belarus and Ukraine, but this has not been confirmed. It grows in a variety of habitats from sea level to Template:Cvt above sea level, including meadows, forests, woodland edges, scrub, riparian areas, and grassy slopes. It prefers well-drained, humus-rich soils but tolerates both acidic and alkaline substrates. Though it prefers slightly shaded areas, it will also grow in more open habitat.[2]
Description
Cypripedium macranthos is a herbaceous plant growing Template:Cvt tall. The upright stem arises from a short, thick rhizome with several sheaths near the base. Each plant has three to four elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate leaves, each measuring Template:Cvt by Template:Cvt. The inflorescence typically bears a single red, pink, or purple flower. Rarely, two flowers may be present, or the flower may be white in colour. The dorsal sepal is ovate-elliptic with a pointed tip, measuring Template:Cvt by Template:Cvt. The synsepal is ovate with a slightly two-loved tip, measuring Template:Cvt Template:Cvt. The petals are lanceolate and each measure Template:Cvt by Template:Cvt. The labellum measures Template:Cvt and is deeply pouched, with a small opening measuring Template:Cvt across. The fruit is an ellipsoid capsule measuring approximately Template:Cvt long.[1][3]
C. macranthos is similar in appearance to Cypripedium tibeticum, which has slightly larger, darker flowers.[3]
Ecology
Cypripedium macranthos is capable of reproducing both sexually and vegetatively. Flowering occurs from June to July, with fruits appearing from August to September.[1] Its flowers are self-compatible and primarily pollinated by bumblebee queens.[4]
Cypripedium × ventricosum is a naturally occurring hybrid between C. macranthos and C. calceolus.[1][5]
Conservation status
Cypripedium macranthos is listed as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in light of its large distribution and low risk of extinction, however, the population is declining. The abundance of C. macranthos has been significantly reduced in the last few decades due to climate change, deforestation, erosion, overgrazing, poaching, tourism, and urbanization. It is collected for use as an ornamental plant and for use in traditional medicine.[2]
C. macranthos is conserved ex situ in many botanic gardens, and international trade of the species is regulated under Appendix II of the CITES treaty.[2]
References
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External links
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