European Russia

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European RussiaTemplate:Efn is the western and most populated part of the Russian Federation. It is geographically situated in Europe, as opposed to the country's sparsely populated and vastly larger eastern part, Siberia, which is situated in Asia, encompassing the entire northern region of the continent. The two parts of Russia are divided by the Ural Mountains and Ural river, bisecting the Eurasian supercontinent. European Russia spans roughly 40% of Europe's total landmass, with over 15% of its total population, making Russia the largest and most populous country in Europe. The region is divided into six Federal districts.

Area and demographics

European Russia accounts for 80% of Russia's total population. It covers an area of over Script error: No such module "convert"., with a population of nearly 110 million—making Russia the largest country in Europe, surpassing Ukraine, and the most populous, surpassing Germany.[1]Template:Efn European Russia is the most densely populated region of Russia, with a population density of 27.5 people per km2 (70 per sq mi).[2] European Russia counts for about 15% of Europe's total population.

All three federal cities of Russia lie within European Russia. These cities are Moscow, the nation's capital and largest city, which is the most populous city entirely within Europe; Saint Petersburg, the cultural capital and the second-most populous city in the country; and Sevastopol, located in Crimea, which is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine.

Of the 16 Russian cities with over 1 million inhabitants, 12 lie within European Russia: Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Ufa, Chelyabinsk, Rostov-on-Don, Krasnodar, Voronezh, Perm and Volgograd (the remaining four are Yekaterinburg, Omsk, Krasnoyarsk and Novosibirsk).

With majority of the population being Slavic, Moscow being the capital city and Christianity being the dominating religion, Russia is mainly counted as a European country. When it comes to sports and entertainment, Russia for example plays soccer as a UEFA member and has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest as a member of the European Broadcasting Union.

History

File:European Russia laea location map (without Crimea).svg
Part of Russia situated in Europe (c.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 23% of the total country's territory)

The historical population of European Russia was composed of Slavic, Finno-Ugric, Germanic, Turkic, Jewish, Scythian, North Caucasian, Hunnic and Baltic peoples.[3][4]

Some theories say that some early Eastern Slavs arrived in modern-day western Russia (also in Ukraine and Belarus) sometime during the middle of the first millennium AD.[5] The Eastern Slavic tribe of the Vyatichis was native to the land around the Oka river. Finno-Ugric, Baltic and Turkic tribes were also present in the area (although large parts of the Turkic and Finno-Ugric people were absorbed by the Slavs, there are great minorities in European Russia today). The western region of Central Russia was inhabited by the Eastern Slavic tribe of the Severians.

One of the first Rus' regions according to the Sofia First Chronicle was Veliky Novgorod in 859. In late 8th and early-to-mid-9th centuries AD the Rus' Khaganate was formed in modern western Russia. The region was a place of operations for Varangians, eastern Scandinavian adventurers, merchants, and pirates. From the late 9th to the mid-13th century a large section of today's European Russia was part of Kievan Rus'. The lands of Rus' Khaganate and Kievan Rus' were important trade routes and connected Scandinavia, Byzantine Empire, Rus' people and Volga Bulgaria with Khazaria and Persia. According to old Scandinavian sources among the 12 biggest cities of Kievan Rus' or Ancient Rus' were Novgorod, Kiev, Polotsk, Smolensk, Murom and Rostov.[6]

Through trade and cultural contact with Byzantine Empire, the Slavic culture of the Rus' adopted gradually the Eastern Orthodox religion. Many sources say that Ryazan, Kolomna, Moscow, Vladimir and Kiev were destroyed by the Mongol Empire. After the Mongol invasion the Muscovite Rus' arose, over all this time, western Russia and the various Rus' regions had strong cultural contacts with the Byzantine Empire, while the Slavic culture was cultivated all the time.[7] The elements of East Slavic paganism and Christianity overlapped each other and sometimes produced even double faith in Muscovite Rus'.[8]

Economy

In 2022 the GRDP of European Russia was around ₽100 trillion (US$1.4 trillion).[9]

Alignment with administrative divisions

Federal districts of Russia
Federal districts of Russia

The following Federal districts of Russia are wholly or partly European:

Name of district Area
(km2) 		Population (2023)
 Population density GRDP (2022) Continent notes
Central Federal District 650,200 40,198,659[10] 59.658 ₽47.368 trillion
($Template:To USD billion)[9] 		Europe
North Caucasian Federal District 170,400 10,251,083[10] 56.58 ₽3.111 trillion
($Template:To USD billion)[9] 		Europe
Northwestern Federal District 1,687,000 13,840,352[10] 8.25 ₽18.929 trillion
($Template:To USD billion)[9] 		Europe
Southern Federal District[note 1] 447,900 16,624,081[10] 33.46 ₽9.816 trillion
($Template:To USD billion)[9] 		Europe
Volga Federal District 1,037,000 28,540,832[10] 28.63 ₽19.664 trillion
($Template:To USD billion)[9] 		Predominantly Europe
Ural Federal District 1,818,500 12,262,205[10] 6.86 ₽20.073 trillion
($Template:To USD billion)[9] 		Predominantly Asia - Europe
Sum of 6 Federal Districts[note 2] 3,995,200 109,455,000[10] 27.22 ₽98.890 trillion
($Template:To USD billion)[9] 		Predominantly Europe
  1. ↑ Includes the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, which are both de facto administrated by Russia but considered part of Ukraine by most other states.
  2. ↑ Does not account for the following:
    Volga Federal District has 4 raions entirely in Asia, one raion mostly in Asia, one raion bisected between Europe and Asia, two cities bisected between Europe and Asia and one settlement fully in Asia, which amount to 280,000 people living in 30,000 km2 in Asia (as defined as east of the Ural River).
    Ural Federal District has roughly 200,000 people living in 1,700 km2 in Europe (west of the Ural River).

See also

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Notes

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References

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