Chrysanthemin
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| Template:Longitem | C21H21O11+, Cl− C21H21ClO11 |
| Molar mass | 484.83 g/mol (chloride) 449.38 g/mol |
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Chrysanthemin is an anthocyanin. It is the 3-glucoside of cyanidin (kuromanin).[1]
Natural occurrences
Chrysanthemin can be found in the roselle plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa, Malvaceae), different Japanese angiosperms,[2] Rhaponticum (Asteraceae),[3] The fruits of the smooth arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum, Caprifoliaceae) appear blue. One of the major pigments is cyanidin 3-glucoside, but the total mixture is very complex.[4]
In food
Chrysanthemin has been detected in blackcurrant pomace, in European elderberry,[5] in red raspberries, in soybean seed coats,[6] in Victoria plum,[7] in peach,[8] lychee and açaí.[9] It is found in red oranges[10] and black rice.[11]
It is the major anthocyanin in purple corn (Zea mays). Purple corn is approved in Japan and listed in the "Existing Food Additive List" as purple corn color.[12]
Biosynthesis
The biosynthesis of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside in Escherichia coli was demonstrated by means of genetic engineering.[13]
In Arabidopsis thaliana, a glycosyltransferase, UGT79B1, is involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. UGT79B1 protein converts cyanidin 3-O-glucoside to cyanidin 3-O-xylosyl(1→2)glucoside.[14]
References
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- ↑ Foods in which the polyphenol Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside is found, http://www.phenol-explorer.eu/contents/polyphenol/9
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- ↑ Postharvest sensory and phenolic characterization of 'Elegant Lady and 'Carson' peaches. Rodrigo Infante, Loreto Contador, Pía Rubio, Danilo Aros and Álvaro Peña-Neira, Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 71(3), July–September 2011, pages 445–451 (article)
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- ↑ Anthocyanins isolated from purple corn (Zea mays L.). Hiromitsu Aoki, Noriko Kuze and Yoshiaki Kato (article Script error: No such module "webarchive".)
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