Viburnum dentatum
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Viburnum dentatum, southern arrowwood or arrowwood viburnum or roughish arrowwood, is a small shrub, native to the eastern United States and Canada from Maine south to northern Florida and eastern Texas.
Like most Viburnum, it has opposite, simple leaves and fruit in berry-like drupes. Foliage turns yellow to red in late fall. Localized variations of the species are common over its entire geographic range. Common differences include leaf size and shape and placement of pubescence on leaf undersides and petioles.
Some moth larvae feed on V. dentatum. Known such species include the unsated sallow (or arrowwood sallow; Metaxaglaea inulta) and Phyllonorycter viburnella. It is also consumed by the viburnum leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta viburni), an invasive species from Eurasia.[1] The fruits are a food source for songbirds. Berries contain 41.3% fat.[2]
The fruits appear blue. The major pigments are cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-sambubioside, and cyanidin 3-vicianoside, but the total mixture is very complex.[3]
Native Americans used the young stems to make arrow shafts.[4]
Varieties
- Viburnum dentatum var. deamii (Rehder) FernaldScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Viburnum dentatum var. dentatum
- Viburnum dentatum var. lucidum FernaldScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – currently considered a separate species; Viburnum recognitum, the northern arrowwood, or smooth arrowwood
- Viburnum dentatum var. venosum (Britton) GleasonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Smith, Susan B.; McPherson, Kathleen H.; Backer, Jeffrey M.; Pierce, Barbara J.; Podlesak, David W.; and McWilliams, Scott R. "Fruit quality and consumption by songbirds during autumn migration." The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 2007, volume 119, issue 3, pages 419-428, Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
- ↑ Francis F.J. and Markakis, Pericles C. "Food colorants: Anthocyanins." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1989, Volume 28, Issue 4, pages 273-314, Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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