Buyan-class corvette

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Buyan-class corvette (pr 21630)
Buyan-M-class corvette (pr 21631)
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The Buyan class (Template:Langx), Russian designations Project 21630 Buyan and Project 21631 Buyan-M, are series of corvettes (small artillery and missile ships in Russian classification) developed by Zelenodolsk Design Bureau for the Russian Navy. Since 2010, all subsequent vessels are being constructed as improved Project 21631 subclass, incorporating greater tonnage, stealth technology and the 3S14 vertical launching system for either Kalibr or Oniks anti-ship cruise missiles, significantly enhancing combat capabilities. The ships are primarily designed for operations within littoral zones to protect Russia's vast coastal areas. Due to the small tonnage, they can operate even within shallow parts of oceans and seas and Russia's extensive inland waterway system. The export variant is known as Project 21632 Tornado.

Design

Initial information about a modified Project 21631, dubbed Buyan-M, was published in August 2010. The Project 21631 ships were to be an updated variant of the Project 21630 Buyan small artillery ships. They were to be up-armed with a USKS VLS system supporting the nuclear-capable Kalibr cruise missiles (SS-N-27 Sizzler) and with additional electronic countermeasure equipment.[1][2] Ships of Project 21631 were designated for national economic zones protection, same as the original variants.

The ships' small size and displacement enables them to operate within inland river systems, including traversing the Moscow Canal. This allow them to redeploy to various seas around European Russia. A particular advantage for the Buyan-M series were the limitations imposed by the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) which prohibited land-based medium-range missiles while sea-based ones were not restricted. A river-based corvette could deploy such missiles without being subject to the restrictions.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The lead ship of this project, Grad Sviyazhsk, was laid down on 27 August 2010 and commissioned on 27 July 2014.

Operational history

File:Малые ракетные корабли Град Свияжск 562 и Серпухов 563 на дне ВМФ 2024.jpg
Serpukhov and Grad Sviyazhsk in July 2024

On 7 October 2015, corvettes Grad Sviyazhsk, Uglich, Velikiy Ustyug and Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". Dagestan, deployed in the Caspian Sea, launched 26 Kalibr cruise missiles at 11 terrorist targets in Syria. The missiles flew nearly Script error: No such module "convert". over Iran and Iraq and struck targets in Raqqa and Aleppo provinces (controlled by the Islamic State) as well as in Idlib province (controlled by the al-Qaeda-linked Nusra Front).[3] According to United States Department of Defense officials, several of these cruise missiles fired from Russian ships crashed in Iran and did not make it to their intended targets in Syria.[4]

On 20 November 2015, the same warships launched 18 Kalibr cruise missiles from the Caspian Sea at seven terrorist targets in Rakka, Idlib and Aleppo provinces.[5]

In 2016, the corvette Zelenyy Dol was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea, later followed by sister ship Serpukhov.[6] On 19 August Zelenyy Dol and Serpukhov, deployed in the Mediterranean Sea, launched Kalibr cruise missiles at positions of Al-Nusra terrorist group in Syria. As a result of the strikes, number of terrorist facilities were destroyed, including command post and base near the village of Dar Ta Izzah and weapon production plants and warehouses in Aleppo province.[7]

On 25 October 2016, Zelenyy Dol and Serpukhov were deployed to the Baltic Sea to join a newly formed division at Kaliningrad.[1] In 2020, Zelenyy Dol and the Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". Odintsovo deployed to Arctic waters utilizing Russian internal waterways and illustrating the Russian capacity to transfer light units among the Russian Navy's three western fleets and the Caspian Flotilla as might be required.[8] A similar deployment was conducted in 2023 by Serpukhov.[9]

On 28 March 2022, a Buyan-class corvette fired eight Kalibr missiles from the Black Sea and claimed to have destroyed a Ukrainian arsenal at Orzhev.[10][11]

On 17 June 2022, a photo emerged of Velikiy Ustyug being towed on the Volga River in a damaged state after a Ukrainian attack.[12]

On 8 April 2024, Ukrainian military intelligence released a video in which they claimed to have started a fire onboard Serpukhov. The fire reportedly occurred on 7 April. Serpukhov was in harbour at Baltiysk, Kaliningrad Oblast. Ukrainian military intelligence claimed that the fire destroyed "its communication and automation systems."[13] On 3 July 2024, HUR revealed details of Operation "Rybalka" ("Fisherman"), which involved a former Russian sailor setting fire to the Buyan-class corvette Serpukhov on 8 April 2024. He also stole data "about the Baltic Fleet and the Russian military industry." The former sailor joined the Freedom of Russia Legion after defecting. HUR estimated Serpukhov will be out of action for six months. The ship was targeted for its ability to fire Kalibr and Onyx missiles.[14]

On 6 November 2024, an A-22 drone from the Armed Forces of Ukraine struck the Kaspiysk naval base reportedly damaging a Buyan-class corvette of the Caspian Flotilla along with two Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".s.[15][16]

Variants

  • Project 21630 Buyan
  • Project 21631 Buyan-M – Upgraded design with modernised systems and new weapons
  • Project 21632 Tornado – Export design
  • Project 21635 Sarsar – Unveiled at Army-2022 expo, with an increased number of VLS cells, as well as a larger displacement overall

Ships

Name Builders Laid down Launched Commissioned Fleet Status
Project 21630 Buyan
Astrakhan Almaz Shipyard, St. Petersburg 30 January 2004 7 October 2005 1 September 2006 Caspian Active
Volgodonsk 25 February 2005 6 May 2011[17] 28 December 2011[18] Active
Makhachkala 24 March 2006 27 April 2012 [19] 4 December 2012[20] Active
Project 21631 Buyan-M
Grad Sviyazhsk Zelenodolsk Shipyard 27 August 2010 9 March 2013[21][22] 27 July 2014[23] Caspian Active
Uglich 22 July 2011[24] 10 April 2013 27 July 2014 Active
Velikiy Ustyug 27 August 2011[25] 21 May 2014Script error: No such module "Unsubst". 19 December 2014Script error: No such module "Unsubst".[26][27] Damaged, under repair
Zelenyy Dol 29 August 2012[28][29] 2 April 2015 12 December 2015[30] Baltic[31] Active
Serpukhov[32] 25 January 2013[33] 3 April 2015 12 December 2015Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Damaged, under repair
Vyshniy Volochyok 29 August 2013Script error: No such module "Unsubst". 22 August 2016[34] 1 June 2018[35] Black Sea Active
Orekhovo-Zuyevo 29 May 2014 19 June 2018[36] 10 December 2018[37] Active
Ingushetiya 29 August 2014[38] 11 June 2019[39] 28 December 2019[40] Active
Grayvoron 10 April 2015[41] April 2020[42][43] 30 January 2021[44] Active
Tarusa 24 April 2017[45] 17 September 2021[46] 29 December 2022[47][48] Baltic Active
Naro-Fominsk 23 February 2018[49] 9 December 2022[50][51] 25 December 2023[52] Active
Stavropol 12 July 2018[53] 11 June 2024[54] 2024[55] Baltic Launched

See also

References

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External links

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