Brokskat
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Brokskat (Tibetan: Template:Bo-textonly, Wylie: ’brog skad)[2] or Minaro[3] is an endangered Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Brokpa people in the lower Indus Valley of Ladakh and its surrounding areas.[1][4] It is the oldest surviving member of the ancient Dardic language.[5] It is considered a divergent variety of Shina,[6] but it is not mutually intelligible with the other dialects of Shina.[7] It is only spoken by 2,858 people in Ladakh and 400 people in the adjoining Baltistan, part of Pakistan-administered Kashmir.[8]
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental/ alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Nasal | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||||
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| Affricate | voicelessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Template:IPA link | |||||
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| Fricative | voicelessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |||
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| Approximant | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||||
| Trill | Template:IPA link | ||||||
Vowels
| Front | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Close | Template:IPAslink | Template:IPAslink | Template:IPAslink |
| Mid | Template:IPAslink | Template:IPAslink | Template:IPAslink |
| Open | Template:IPAslink | ||
Etymology
Exonym
The term Brokskat translates to "the language of the Brokpa" in the Tibetic language. The name "Brokpa" is used by Ladakhi and Balti Tibetic origin people to refer to this ethnic group. Brokpa means "hill-dweller" or "hillbilly," reflecting their historical lifestyle as hunters in the upper mountainous regions.
Endonym
The Brokpa themselves refer to their language as "Minaro" and identify their ethnic group by the Minaro as well. Interestingly, their ancient religion is known as "Minaro". Recent articles also refer to the Brokpa community as "Dard Aryans," recognizing it as their cultural identity.[9]
Vocabulary
| English | Brokskat in Roman script | Brokskat in Bodyig script | Nastaliq Script |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water | wa | ཝུའ་ | وا |
| Fire | ghur | གཱུར | غُور |
| Sun | Suri | སུརིའ་ | سُوری |
| Moon | gyun | གྱུན | گیون |
| Mountain | chur | ཆུར | چُھور |
| Human | mush | མུཤ | مُوش |
| Land | bun | བུན | بُون |
| Boy | byo | བྱོ | بیو |
| Girl | molay | མོལེའ་ | مولیہ |
| Baby | bubu | བུའབུའ | بُوبُو |
| Knife | cutter | ཀཊའར | قَٹر |
Verb tenses
| English | Brokskat-present tense | Brokskat-past tense | Broskat-future tense | Imperative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| To go | byas | go | byungs | boyai |
| To stand | autheis | authait | authiyungs | authi |
| To break | phitais | phitaiat | phitiaungs | phitai |
| To open | aunis | auniat | auniungs | auni |
| To laugh | hazis | hazit | haziungs | hazi |
| To sit | bazhais | bazhit | bazhiungs | bazhi |
| To walk | zazis | zazit | zaziungs | zazi |
| To throw | faitis | faitiat | fatiungs | fati |
| To look | skis | skait | skiungs | ski |
| To cut | chhinis | chinait | chhiniungs | chhini |
| To count | gyanis | gyaniat | gyaniungs | gyani |
References
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