Baoding

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Baoding is a prefecture-level city in central Hebei province, approximately Template:Convert southwest of Beijing. As of the 2020 census, Baoding City had 11,544,036 inhabitants, of which 2,549,787 lived in the metropolitan area made of 4 out of 5 urban districts: Lianchi, Jingxiu, Qingyuan, and Mancheng all of which are largely conurbated.[1] Accounting for about one-sixth of the population of Hebei Province.[2] Baoding is among 13 Chinese cities with a population of over 10 million, ranking seventh.[3] Zhuozhou City in the northern part has now grown into part of the Beijing metro area.[4]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Baoding was the capital of Zhili Province and the residence of the Viceroy of Zhili in the Qing dynasty. The city was also the capital of Hebei province until 1968, and is now a national historical and cultural city and one of the central cities in the Jing-Jin-Ji cluster,[5] with the Xiong'an new area located within its jurisdiction.

Name

Baoding was known as Shanggu, Baozhou, Shoocheng and Baofu in ancient times.[6] The city's name, Baoding (Template:Lang-zh),[7][8] dates back to the Song and Yuan dynasties, In 1239, the Yuan Dynasty changed the name of Shuntian Army to Shuntian Road, which means "complying with the destiny of heaven", and Baozhou was renamed Luzhi (Template:Zhc). Because Baozhou was the southern gate of the capital in the Yuan Dynasty, Shuntian Road was changed to Baoding Road in 1275, which means "defend the capital and stabilize the world".[9][10] The name is roughly interpreted as "protecting the capital", referring to the city's proximity to Beijing.

History

Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Baoding has a history dating back to the Western Han Dynasty.

Prehistory

The Nanzhuangtou site near Baiyang Lake is one of the earliest Neolithic site discovered in North China, dating back approximately 10,500–9,700 years.[11] Other Neolithic sites in Baoding include Diaoyutai and Beifudi.[12]

Early history

During the Warring States period, what is now Baoding was along the dividing line between the Yan and Zhao states.

One of the capitals of Yan during this period, Xiadu, is located in what is now Yi County, and from 400 to 300 BC may have been the largest cities in the world, with an estimated population of over 300,000.[13]

Imperial era

In 960 the Song dynasty established the Bao prefecture ("Baozhou") with the administrative office in Baosai County (modern Baoding).[14] This lasted until 1241, when the Mongol Empire (who conquered the Jin dynasty in 1234) abolished it, incorporating Baozhou into the Central Region.

In the year 1213 the Mongol army invaded and destroyed Baozhou, leaving it in ruins until it was reconstructed in 1227 during the Yuan dynasty. The region acquired the name "Baoding" in 1275.

In 1669, Baoding became the capital of Zhili, ruled over by a Viceroy until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912.

In 1902, Yuan Shikai, then Viceroy, established the Baoding Military Academy. Birthplace of many famous ROC and Communist generals in the early 20th century.

Contemporary history

On August 1, 1949, the People's Government of Hebei province was established, Baoding was the capital of the province, and the city of Baoding was a provincial municipality. On August 9, the administrative inspector's office of the Baoding district was established, and it was established as the administrative inspector's office of the county district.[15]

In May 1958, the capital of Hebei was moved to Tianjin, then back to Baoding in January 1966, to Shijiazhuang in February 1968. In December 1994, the Baoding area merged with Baoding to become a provincial city.[16]

In April 2017, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council announced the decision to transform Baoding's Xiong, Rongcheng, and Anxin counties into Xiong'an New Area, a new development area of national significance, with a focus on innovation, sustainability and quality of life, following the successes of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and Shanghai's Pudong New Area.[17]

Geography

Baoding is located in the west-central portion of Hebei province and lies on the North China Plain, with the Taihang Mountains to the west. Bordering prefecture-level cities in the province are Zhangjiakou to the north, Langfang and Cangzhou to the east, and Shijiazhuang and Hengshui to the south. Baoding also borders Beijing to the northeast and Shanxi to the west.[18]

The geographical coordinates of Baoding are between 113°40'-116°20' east longitude and 38°10'-40°00' north latitude.[2]

Elevations in Baoding's administrative area decrease from northwest to southeast. The western parts are dominated by mountains and hills that are generally more than Template:Convert tall; this area includes parts of Laishui, Yi, Mancheng, Shunping, Tang, and Fuping Counties as well as the entirety of Laiyuan County, occupying 30.6% of the prefecture's area.[1] The highest peak is Mount Waitou (Template:Lang-zh), with an elevation of Template:Convert.[1] Moving southeast from this area, one encounters low-lying mountains and hills, taking up 18.9% of the prefecture's area.[1] Further to the east lies generally flat terrain of Template:Convert elevation. Here the primary rivers are the Xiaoyi River (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Fu River (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Bao River (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Ping River (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Juma River (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Yishui River (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Tang River (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Cao River (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Zhulong River (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Qingshui River (Script error: No such module "Lang".), and Sha River (Script error: No such module "Lang".).[19] Baiyangdian Lake, the largest natural lake in northern China, can be found nearby.

Climate

Baoding has a continental, monsoon-influenced humid continental climate/semi-arid climate (Köppen Dwa/BSk),[20] characterised by hot, humid summers due to the East Asian monsoon, and generally cold, windy, very dry winters that reflect the influence of the vast Siberian anticyclone. Spring can bear witness to sandstorms blowing in from the Mongolian steppe, accompanied by rapidly warming, but generally dry, conditions. Autumn is similar to spring in temperature and lack of rainfall. The annual rainfall, about 60% of which falls in July and August alone, is highly variable and not reliable. The average annual runoff is 2.45 billion cubic meters.[2] In the city itself, this amount has averaged to a meagre Template:Convert per annum. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from Template:Convert in January to Template:Convert in July, and the annual mean is Template:Convert. There are 2,500 to 2,900 hours of bright sunshine annually, and the frost-free period lasts 165−210 days.

Template:Weather box

Administrative divisions

Bǎodìng prefecture-level city consists of 5 municipal districts, 4 county-level cities, 15 counties:

Map

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Division code[21] English name Simp. Chinese Pinyin Area in km2[22] Seat Postal code Divisions[23]
Subdistricts Towns Townships Ethnic townships Residential communities (Template:Nobold) Villages (Template:Nobold)
130600 Baoding Template:Nobold Bǎodìng Shì 22185 Jingxiu District 071000 31 207 105 2 514 6184
130602 Jingxiu District Script error: No such module "Lang". Jìngxiù Qū 149 Xianfeng Subdistrict (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 071000 5 2 4 81 71
130603 Lianchi District Script error: No such module "Lang". Liánchí Qū 82 Wusi Road Subdistrict (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 071000 10 2 5 151 120
130605 Mancheng District Script error: No such module "Lang". Mǎnchéng Qū 658 Mancheng Town (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 072100 1 6 6 16 183
130606 Qingyuan District Script error: No such module "Lang". Qīngyuàn Qū 856 Qingyuan (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 071100 13 5 14 266
130607 Xushui District Script error: No such module "Lang". Xúshuǐ Qū 723 Ansu (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 072500 10 4 28 304
130633 Yi County Script error: No such module "Lang". Yì Xiàn 2535 Yizhou (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 074200 11 16 1 10 469
130630 Laiyuan County Script error: No such module "Lang". Láiyuán Xiàn 2431 Laiyuan (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 074300 10 7 8 283
130626 Dingxing County Script error: No such module "Lang". Dìngxīng Xiàn 714 Dingxing (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 072600 9 7 23 274
130636 Shunping County Script error: No such module "Lang". Shùnpíng Xiàn 712 Puyang (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 072200 6 4 4 237
130627 Tang County Script error: No such module "Lang". Táng Xiàn 1414 Renhou (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 072300 11 9 8 345
130631 Wangdu County Script error: No such module "Lang". Wàngdū Xiàn 358 Wangdu (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 072400 7 1 10 142
130623 Laishui County Script error: No such module "Lang". Láishuǐ Xiàn 1662 Laishui (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 074100 12 3 6 284
130628 Gaoyang County Script error: No such module "Lang". Gāoyáng Xiàn 496 Gaoyang (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 071500 1 7 11 149
130632 Anxin County Script error: No such module "Lang". Ānxīn Xiàn 728 Anxin (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 071600 9 4 5 223
130638 Xiong County Script error: No such module "Lang". Xióng Xiàn 513 Xiongzhou (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 071800 8 4 7 287
130629 Rongcheng County Script error: No such module "Lang". Róngchéng Xiàn 311 Rongcheng (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 071700 5 3 4 127
130634 Quyang County Script error: No such module "Lang". Qūyáng Xiàn 1076 Hengzhou (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 073100 11 16 10 367
130624 Fuping County Script error: No such module "Lang". Fùpíng Xiàn 2494 Fuping (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 073200 8 5 5 209
130637 Boye County Script error: No such module "Lang". Bóyě Xiàn 331 Boye (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 071300 7 11 133
130635 Li County Script error: No such module "Lang". Lǐ Xiàn 653 Liwu (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 071400 11 2 7 232
130682 Dingzhou City Script error: No such module "Lang". Dìngzhōu Shì 1284 Nanchengqu Subdistrict (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 073000 4 16 5 1 31 470
130681 Zhuozhou City Script error: No such module "Lang". Zhuōzhōu Shì 751 Shuangta Subdistrict (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 072700 3 10 1 39 402
130683 Anguo City Script error: No such module "Lang". Ānguó Shì 485 Qizhouyaoshi Subdistrict (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 071200 2 6 3 6 198
130684 Gaobeidian City Script error: No such module "Lang". Gāobēidiàn Shì 674 Xinghua Road Subdistrict (Script error: No such module "Lang".) 074000 5 10 19 409
  Xiong'an New Area Script error: No such module "Lang". Xióng'ān Xīnqū 106.46 Rongcheng (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
Note: Baoding New High Technology Product Development Zone (Script error: No such module "Lang".) includes Damafang Township (Script error: No such module "Lang".) of Jingxiu District and Jiantai Township (Script error: No such module "Lang".) of Mancheng District; the Baigou New City (Script error: No such module "Lang".) includes Baigou Town (Script error: No such module "Lang".) of Gaobeidian City.
File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566 g-9b.jpg
Map including Baoding and surrounding region (NIMA, 1998)

Demographics

Baoding City Demographics
Division name
Residence population[24] (November 2010) Hukou population[25]
(end of 2010)
Total Ratio (%) Population density (persons/km2)
Baoding City 11,194,379 100 504.55 11610199
Xinshi District 482,768 4.31 2540.88 459038
Beishi District 387,339 3.46 5164.52 322205
Nanshi District 287,784 2.57 2877.84 279725
Mancheng District 387,307 3.46 615.75 411417
Qingyuan District 631,659 5.64 728.56 648645
Laishui County 339,063 3.03 204.50 352993
Fuping County 205,299 1.83 82.28 223846
Xushui County 563,030 5.03 778.74 586104
Dingxing County 517,873 4.63 725.31 585913
Tang County 529,066 4.73 373.37 590575
Gaoyang County 345,160 3.08 695.89 340163
Rongcheng County 258,179 2.31 822.23 265389
Laiyuan County 260,678 2.33 106.49 283537
Wangdu County 250,014 2.23 781.29 265525
Anxin County 437,378 3.91 604.11 440817
Yi County 537,564 4.80 212.14 570806
Quyang County 588,559 5.26 542.95 610065
Li County 505,574 4.52 775.42 532322
Shunping County 295,764 2.64 417.75 317484
Boye County 245,504 2.19 741.70 268941
Xiong County 359,506 3.21 686.08 375470
Zhuozhou City 603,535 5.39 813.39 645542
Dingzhou City 1,165,182 10.41 914.59 1214852
Anguo City 370,314 3.31 761.96 409834
Gaobeidian City 640,280 5.72 938.83 608991
Note: The 58,709 people residing in Baoding High Technology Product Development Zone and the 124,274 in the Baigou New City are not listed separately.

According to the 2010 Census, the residence population stood at 11,194,382, an increase of 605,100 (5.71%) from 2000. The male-female ratio was 101.94:100. Children aged up to 14 numbered 1,915,800 (17.11% of the population), citizens 15 to 64 numbered 8,370,600 (74.78%), and 65+ numbered 908,000 (8.11%). The urban area of Baoding made of 5 urban Districts had a population of around 2,739,887 (2010 census). The overwhelming majority of the population is Han Chinese. The language of Baoding is Mandarin Chinese — specifically, the Baoding dialect of Ji-Lu Mandarin. Despite Baoding's proximity to Beijing, the Chinese spoken in Baoding is not particularly close to the Beijing dialect — rather, it is more closely related to Tianjin dialect.

Economy

Baoding is located in the centre of the Bohai Rim economic area which includes Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang. One of the largest employers in Baoding is China Lucky Film, the largest photosensitive materials and magnetic recording media manufacturer in China.[26] And, Yingli group, 2010 World Cup sponsor, has its headquarters in Baoding, who is the Global Top 10 solar panel manufacturer. More renowned companies include ZhongHang HuiTeng Windpower Equipment Co., Ltd (Wind Turbine), Baoding Tianwei Group Co., Ltd (Transformer), and Great Wall Motor.

In April 2017, an area in Baoding was designated as a Xiong'an New Area, a development zone of initially 100 km2 and up to 2000 km2, the site of what will eventually be a new city and the hub of the Beijing-Tinajin-Hebei development area.

  • Baoding High-tech Industrial Development Zone[27]

Great Wall Motors Company Limited is a Chinese automobile manufacturer headquartered in Baoding, Hebei, China. The company is named after the Great Wall of China and was formed in 1984. It is China's largest sport utility vehicle (SUV) and pick-up truck producer. It sells passenger cars and trucks under the Great Wall brand and SUVs under the Haval and WEY brands.

In 2016, Great Wall Motors set a historical sales record of 1,074,471 cars worldwide, increased by 26% compared to 2015.

Renewable energy

Baoding City has one of China's biggest plants which manufactures blades used in wind turbine generators, catering mainly to the domestic market. Tianwei Wind Power Technology is one of the three main plants in Baoding that produces wind turbine generators. It wheeled out its first 20 turbines in 2008, and it will produce 150 units in 2009 and another 500 in 2010. Nevertheless, Baoding is currently listed as the most polluted city in China.[28]

Transport

File:NG-0395 at Baoding Railway Station (20160310114142).jpg
Bus line 1 near Baoding Railway Station

Baoding has good connections to other cities, being located on one of the main routes in and out of Beijing. The Jingshi Expressway connects the two cities, and Baoding is also the western terminus of the Baojin Expressway linking Baoding with Tianjin, which is one out of two nearest ports (Huanghua is the other one). The Jingguang Railway provides frequent services to Beijing West railway station. On 30 December 2012, a new Baoding station was opened, while the old train station was closed for passengers.[29] Baoding East railway station lies Template:Convertto the east on the Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway. On October 1, 2018, the east square of Baoding Railway Station was officially put into use, and the east station building of the railway station was also opened at the same time.[30]

Military

Baoding is headquarters of the 38th Mechanized Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the three group armies that comprise the Beijing Military Region responsible for defending the PRC capital.[31]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Culture

File:Baoding Balls in Use.JPG
Baoding balls
File:Baoding1.jpg
Qi Yi Zhong Road in Baoding

Perhaps the best-known item to supposedly originate in Baoding are Baoding Balls, which can be used to relax one's keyboard hand and strengthen one's wrist.[32]

The most famous local specialty food is the Donkey Burger[33] (Template:Lang-zh).

Anxin County is home to the Quantou Village Music Association (Template:Lang-zh), a well known traditional music group performing on guan (oboes), sheng (mouth organs), and percussion. The village of Quantou is located on an island in Lake Baiyangdian.

[34] The city's streets follow a rough grid pattern, although this is less obvious in the older part of the city. The traditional main street of old Baoding is Yuhua Road, running from the city's centre to its eastern edge — most of Baoding's historic buildings are located in this area, along with some of its larger shopping centres.[35] Other major streets include Dongfeng Road and Chaoyang Avenue. There is a ring road around the city.

Baoding is home to Hebei University, North China Electric Power University with other 3 universities and 12 colleges.[36]

Historic sites

File:ZhiLiGovernorMansion.jpg
A courtyard in the mansion of the governor of Zhili

Baoding contains a number of notable historic sites. In the city proper, there can be found a historic provincial governor's mansion and an ancient lotus garden. In the hills to the northwest of the city, near the suburb of Mancheng, there are the Mancheng Han Tombs, where Prince Liu Sheng and his wife Dou Wan were buried.

The greater Baoding administrative area has 16 designated state-level cultural relics:

  1. Yan State Capital Relics (475BC-221BC, Yixian County)
  2. Great Wall at Zijinguan Pass (1368–1644, Yixian County and Laiyuan County)
  3. Stele of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching (618-907, Yixian County)
  4. Western Qing Tombs (1730–1915, Yixian County)
  5. Geyuan Temple (916-1125, Laiyuan County)
  6. Ciyun Pavilion (1306, Dingxing County)
  7. Yicihui Stone Pillar (550-577, Dingxing County)
  8. Kaiyuan Temple (960-1127, Dingzhou County)
  9. Kaishan Temple (618-907, Gaobeidian County)
  10. Dingzhou Porcelain Kiln Relic (960-1127, Quyang County)
  11. Beiyue Temple (386-543, Quyang County)
  12. Jin-cha-ji Border Region Headquarters Ruins (1938, Fuping County)
  13. Ranzhuang Underground Tunnel (1937–1945, Qingyuan County)
  14. Mancheng Han Tombs (154BC-113BC, Mancheng County)
  15. Zhili Provincial Governor Office (1730–1911, Baoding)
  16. Historical Site of the Baoding Military Academy (1902–1923)

Notable people

Sister cities

Baoding is twinned with:[38]

Gallery

See also

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References

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External links

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Template:Hebei topics Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China

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  13. ↑ George Modelski, World Cities: –3000 to 2000, Washington DC: FAROS 2000, 2003. Template:ISBN.
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  20. ↑ Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11: 1633-1644. ISSN 1027-5606.
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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