Arin language

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Template other Arin is an extinct Yeniseian language formerly spoken in Russia by the Arin people along the Yenisei River, predominantly on its left shore, between Yeniseysk and Krasnoyarsk, north of the Minusinsk region. However, it has been suggested that the Arin people had historically occupied a larger geographical range. It became extinct in the 18th century, with the death of Arzamas Loskutov, who was an informant for Gerhard Friedrich Müller in 1731, and for a Cossack adventurer named Ivan Kovrigin in 1735.

It is believed that the term Ar or Ara was used by speakers of Arin to refer to themselves.

Classification

It is classified as belonging to the Arinic branch, being its only attested language. The closest known relative of Arin, Pumpokol, has been suggested to be similar to the language of the ruling elite of the Xiongnu, as well as that of the Jie ruling class of the Later Zhao dynasty.

Geographical distribution

Hydronyms associated with Arin have the suffixes , , , , and (meaning "river") and / (meaning "water"). These hydronyms, along with Khanty folklore telling of an eastern people known as the "Ar people", indicate that Arin may have once been spread out as far west as the Ob.

Phonology

One notable aspect of the Arin phonology is the correspondence of words starting with the word-initial and words in other Yeniseian languages that start with a bare vowel. For example, the Arin word (meaning 'water') corresponds to the Ket word and the Kott word .

Vowels

The vowel system in Arin is as follows:

	Front	Central	Back
Close	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink
Close-mid	Template:IPAlink		Template:IPAlink
Open-mid	Template:IPAlink	(Template:IPAlink)1	Template:IPAlink
Open	Template:IPA link	Template:IPAlink

1. The sound Template:IPAblink, transcribed as , is only attested in the words 'six', 'sixteen', 'sixty', and 'ear', and potentially also in (also recorded as ) 'duck'.

Consonants

		Labial		Dental	Palatal	Velar		Uvular		Laryngeal/ Pharyngeal
		plain	pal.			plain	pal.	plain	pal.
Plosive	voiceless	p Template:IPAblink	pʼh Template:IPAblink	t Template:IPAblink	tʼ Template:IPAblink	k Template:IPAblink	kʼ Template:IPAblink	q Template:IPAblink	qʼ Template:IPAblink	(ʔ Template:IPAblink)1
	voiced	b Template:IPAblink		d Template:IPAblink	dʼ Template:IPAblink	g Template:IPAblink
Fricative	voiceless	(f Template:IPAblink)		s Template:IPAblink š Template:IPAblink	sʼ Template:IPAblink			x Template:IPAblink		(h Template:IPAblink)
	voiced	(v Template:IPAblink)		z Template:IPAblink ž Template:IPAblink
Affricate				c Template:IPAblink	č Template:IPAblink (dž Template:IPAblink)
Nasal		m Template:IPAblink	mʼ Template:IPAblink	n Template:IPAblink	nʼ Template:IPAblink	ŋ Template:IPAblink
Lateral				l Template:IPAblink	lʼ Template:IPAblink
Approximant					j Template:IPAblink
Trill				r Template:IPAblink	(rʼ Template:IPAblink)

Consonants in parentheses are sparsely attested or unattested.

1. Template:IPAblink is only assumed from other Yeniseian languages and is only a prosodic device of tone.

There are 11 palatal-nonpalatal consonant oppositions.

Lexicon

Etymological analysis suggests that speakers of the Arin language, as with other members of the Yeniseian people, were bilingual in Siberian Turkic languages; for example, the Arin word (meaning "ore") has been suggested to stem from the Old Turkic compound word (meaning "iron blood"). There are over 400 lexica for the Arin language, recorded in the 18th century.

General

Arin words in Pallas 1789
Russian gloss	бог	небо	вечер	лес	глина	поле	снег	ветер	вино
English translation	God	sky, heaven	evening	forest	clay	field	snow	spirit	wine
Arin translation	еc	эc	пись	още	тьюбурунг	кья́ба	тье	паи	арага́

Body parts

Arin body parts in Pallas 1789
Russian gloss	волос	голова	ухо	глаз	нос	рот	язык	щёки	борода	плечо	рука	пальцы	нога	живот	спина	плоть	сердце
English translation	hair	head	ear	eye	nose	mouth	tongue	cheek	beard	shoulder	hand	fingers	leg	stomach	back	flesh	heart
Arin translation	кья́ганг	колкья	уткьэно́нг	тенг	аркӷуй	бюкьо́н	алъяп	быкӷолю́нг	королеп	хинанг	пъӷяга	кӷо́лпас	пил	пъӷорга	кӷоп	ис	шеноугбу

Family members

Arin family member words in Pallas 1789
Russian gloss	отец	мать	сын	дочь	брат	сестра	муж	жена	девочка	мальчик	дитя	человек
English translation	father	mother	son	daughter	brother	sister	husband	wife	girl	boy	child	human, person
Arin translation	ипя, бъяп	бя́мя	бикял	бик-ялья	бамага́л	бамагалья	бикъярьят	бикӷама́л	бикъялья	бикъял	алполат	кьит

Numerals

Numerals in Arin

No.	Numerals (Werner 2005)	Numerals (Pallas 1789)
1
2
3
4	~ ~
5	~ ~
6	~ ~
7	~ ~
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
30
40
50
60	~ Template:Ipa
70
80
90
100
200
300
1000

External links

• Arin basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database