Arebica

File:Bosnian Book of the Science of Conduct WDL7479.pdf

The handbook Bosnian Book of the Science of Conduct, published in 1831 by the Bosnian author and poet Abdulvehab Ilhamija, is printed in Arebica.

Arebica (عربٖىڄا ,آرەبـٖٮڄآ; Template:Lang-sh-Cyrl) is a variant of the Perso-Arabic script used to write the Serbo-Croatian language. It was used mainly between the 15th and 19th centuries and is frequently categorized as part of Aljamiado literature. During Austro-Hungarian rule, there were unsuccessful efforts by Bosnian Muslims to grant Arebica equal status alongside Latin and Cyrillic alphabets. Apart from literature, Arebica was used in religious schools and administration, though in much less use than other scripts.

Origin

Arebica was based on the Perso-Arabic script of the Ottoman Empire, with added letters for Template:IPAslink, Template:IPAslink and Template:IPAslink, which are not found in Arabic, Persian or Turkish. Full letters were eventually introduced for all vowels (as with Kurdish Arabic script), making Arebica a true alphabet, unlike its Perso-Arabic base.

Arebica was used by the Slavic Muslims in Central Bosnia during the Ottoman rule and continued usage during the Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina. During that period, they requested that Arebica be given equal status with the Latin and Cyrillic scripts, but the request wasn't granted. The usage of the script, however, continued sporadically even after.

The final version of Arebica was devised by Mehmed Džemaludin Čaušević at the end of the 19th century. His version is called Matufovica, Matufovača or Mektebica.

Contemporary use

The first literary work to be published in Arebica since 1941 was the comic book "Hadži Šefko i hadži Mefko" in 2005, by authors Amir Al-Zubi and Meliha Čičak-Al-Zubi. The authors made slight modifications to Arebica.

The first book in Arebica with an ISBN was "Epohe fonetske misli kod Arapa i arebica" ("The Age of Phonetic Thought of Arabs and Arebica") in April 2013 in Belgrade by Aldin Mustafić, MSc. This book represents the completion of the standardization of Mehmed Džemaludin Čaušević's version, and is also a textbook for higher education.

Alphabet

The final version of Arebica alphabet was devised at the end of the 19th century by Mehmed Džemaludin Čaušević. The alphabet listed here is a new version made by Aldin Mustafić.

Latin	Cyrillic	Arebica
		Contextual forms			Isolated
		Final	Medial	Initial
A a	А а
B b	Б б
C c	Ц ц
Č č	Ч ч
Ć ć	Ћ ћ	File:Arebica 5 Final.png	File:Arebica 5 Medial.png	File:Arebica 5 Initial.png	File:Hah with inverted v below.svg
D d	Д д
Dž dž	Џ џ				[c]
Đ đ	Ђ ђ	File:Arebica 8 Final.png	File:Arebica 8 Medial.png	File:Arebica 8 Initial.png	File:Hah with v below.png
E e	Е е
F f	Ф ф
G g	Г г
H h	Х х
I i	И и				[a]
J j	Ј ј
K k	К к
L l	Л л
Lj lj	Љ љ
M m	М м
N n	Н н
Nj nj	Њ њ				[b]
O o	О о
P p	П п
R r	Р р
S s	С с
Š š	Ш ш
T t	Т т
U u	У у
V v	В в
Z z	З з
Ž ž	Ж ж

Notes

• ^a The diacritic beneath the appears on the letter preceding the .
• ^b Mustafić uses and instead of File:Hah with inverted v below.svg and for Ć ć/Ћ ћ and Nj nj/Њ њ .
• ^c Mustafić uses and Al-Zubi and Čičak-Al-Zubi use instead of File:Hah with v below.png for Đ đ/Ђ ђ.

Ligatures

Like the standard Arabic alphabet, when connects to either or a special ligature is used instead.

Latin	Cyrillic	Arebica
		Contextual forms			Isolated
		Final	Medial	Initial
la	ла
lja	ља

Prior to standardization, the most widespread Arebica conventions were based on Ottoman Turkish conventions, and similar to contemporary aljamiado conventions adopted for Albanian and Greek. Vowels are often written using matres lectionis, with the exception of /e/, which is only represented word-finally, as Template:Angle bracket. /o/ and /u/ are not distinguished. /ɲ/, /ʎ/ and /ts/ were not distinguished from /n/, /l/ and /tʃ/, respectively spelt as Template:Angle bracket, Template:Angle bracket and Template:Angle bracket. Palatal affricates /tɕ/ and /dʑ/ are both typically spelt as Template:Angle bracket, due to the Persian letter Template:Angle bracket not having been widely adopted yet, while velar stops /k/ and /g/ are represented with Template:Angle bracket and Template:Angle bracket.

Text examples

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 1

Serbo-Croatian (Arebica):	سوا ڵۆدسقا بیچا راجايۆ سە سلۉبۉدنا ای يەدناقا ۆ دۉستۉيانستوۆ ای پراویما. ۉنا سۆ ۉبدارەنا رازۆمۉم ای سویيەشڃۆ ای ترەبا دا يەدنۉ پرەما درۆغۉمە پۉستۆپايۆ ۆ دۆحۆ براتستوا.‎
Serbo-Croatian (Latin):
Serbo-Croatian (Cyrillic):
English:	All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Tehran

Serbo-Croatian (Arebica):	تەهەران يە غلاونی ای نايوەڃی غراد ایرانا، سيەدیشتە تەهەرانسقە پۉقرايینە ای يەدان ۉد نايوەڃیح غرادۉوا سویيەتا.‎
Serbo-Croatian (Latin):
Serbo-Croatian (Cyrillic):
English:	Tehran is the capital and largest city of Iran, capital of Tehran Province and one of the largest cities in the world.

See also

• Aljamiado
• Sevdah
• Belarusian Arabic alphabet, another script used by Slavic-speaking Muslims
• Chirvat-türkisi
• Gaj's Latin alphabet
• Muhamed Hevaji Uskufi Bosnevi
• Category:Arabic alphabets

Bibliography

• Enciklopedija leksikografskog zavoda, entry: Arabica. Jugoslavenski leksikografski zavod, Zagreb, 1966
• Online Text Converter from Latin or Cyrillic to Arebica Script, Language institute of the University of Sarajevo https://www.e-bosanski.ba/konverter-pisama/bosanska-arebica/

External links

• Ottoman Turkish / Arabic keyboard (including Bosnian characters)
• UDHR in Arebica (Bosnian)
• Adnan Tufekčić, Arebica in Bosnia – Short Notes and One Review: From the Treasury of Bosnian Authentic Syncretism, Spirit of Bosnia No 15 (04), 2020