Belarusian Arabic alphabet

File:Кітаб.jpg

Kitab in Arabitsa, c. 1750-1800

File:Літары беларускай арабіцы.svg

Basic summary of the letters and the functioning of Belarusian Arabic alphabet

The Belarusian Arabic alphabetTemplate:Efn or the Belarusian ArabicaTemplate:Efn was based on the Perso-Arabic script and was developed in the 15th or 16th century. It consisted of 28 graphemes, including several additions to represent Belarusian phonemes not found in the Arabic language.

The Belarusian Arabic alphabet was used by the Lipka Tatars, who had been invited to settle in the eastern territories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania—a region that now comprises modern-day Belarus. During the 14th–16th centuries they gradually stopped using their own language and started using the Ruthenian language (modern Belarusian and Ukrainian) rendered in the Belarusian Arabic alphabet. Books of that literary tradition are known in Belarusian as Kitab (Template:Langx), which is Arabic for 'book' or 'written material'.

File:Хамаіл Якубоўскага, с. 389, вектар.svg

Example of text in Arabitsa

Some Polish texts were also written in the Arabic script in the 17th century or later.

Additional graphemes

• For the sounds Template:IPAslink (ж), Template:IPAslink (ч) and Template:IPAslink (п), which are absent from the Arabic language, the following Persian graphemes were used:

Template:Script/Arabic‎ Template:Script/Arabic‎ Template:Script/Arabic

• For denoting the soft Template:IPAslink (дзь) and Template:IPAslink (ц) sounds, the following newly constructed graphemes were used:

Template:Script/Arabic‎ Template:Script/Arabic (File:Letter dal with three dots.png File:Letter sad with three dots.png)

These graphemes were used during the 16th–20th centuries to write Belarusian and Polish.

• The sounds Template:IPAslink (ў) and Template:IPAslink (в) were both represented by the same symbol:

Template:Script/Arabic

Equivalence chart

Vowels

• Vowels A and E (initial Script error: No such module "Lang".)
  Vowels A and E (initial )
• Vowels I and Y (initial Script error: No such module "Lang".)
  Vowels I and Y (initial )
• Vowels U and O (initial Script error: No such module "Lang".)
  Vowels U and O (initial )
• No vowel
  No vowel
• Consonant gemination
  Consonant gemination

/a/ is consistently written long (that is, with a mater lectionis), while /e/ is consistently written short.

/o/ is most commonly written long.

Consonants

Cyrillic	Latin	Arabic
		Contextual forms			Isolated
		Final	Medial	Initial
Б б	B b
В в	V v
Г г	H h
Ґ ґ	G g
Д д	D d
Дж дж	Dž dž
Дзь дзь	Dź dź			(File:Letter dal with three dots.png)
Ж ж	Ž ž
З з	Z z
Зь зь	Ź ź
Й й	J j
К к	K k
Кь кь	Kj kj
Л л, Ль ль	Ł ł, L l
М м	M m
Н н, Нь нь	N n, Ń ń
П п	P p
Р р	R r
С с	S s
Сь сь	Ś ś
Т т	T t
Ў ў	Ŭ ŭ
Ф ф	F f
Х х	Ch ch
Ц ц	C c				(File:Letter sad with three dots.png)
Ць ць	Ć ć
Ч ч	Č č
Ш ш	Š š
’	—	—		—	—
ь	—	—

Ligature

Cyrillic	Latin	Arabic
		Contextual forms			Isolated
		Final	Medial	Initial
Ла ла, Ля ля	Ła ła, La la

Sample text

Below is a sample text, Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Belarusian Cyrillic alphabet	Усе людзі нараджаюцца свабоднымі i роўнымі ў сваёй годнасці i правах. Яны надзелены розумам i сумленнем i павінны ставіцца адзін да аднаго ў духу брацтва.
Belarusian Latin alphabet	Usie ludzi naradžajucca svabodnymi i roŭnymi ŭ svajoj hodnaści i pravach. Jany nadzieleny rozumam i sumlenniem i pavinny stavicca adzin da adnaho ŭ duchu bractva.
Belarusian Arabic alphabet	Template:Script/Arabic
Belarusian IPA transcription
English translation	All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

See also

• Belarusian Latin alphabet
• Arebica – modified Arabic script used for Serbo-Croatian

Further reading

• Akiner, Shirin. Religious Language of a Belarusian Tatar Kitab: A Cultural Monument of Islam in Europe. Otto Harrassowitz, 2009.
• Д-р Я. Станкевіч. Беларускія мусульмане і беларуская літаратура арабскім пісьмом. [Адбітка з гадавіка Беларускага Навуковага Таварыства, кн. I.] – Вільня : Друкарня Я. Левіна, 1933; Менск : Беларускае коопэрацыйна-выдавецкае таварыства ″Адраджэньне″, 1991 [факсімільн.]. – 3-е выд.
• Антон Антановіч, "Беларускія тэксты, пісаныя арабскім пісьмом"

External links

• Template:Sister-inline
• Kitabs, the unique highlight of the Belarusian language at pravapis.org