António Costa

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António Luís Santos da Costa Template:Post-nominals (Script error: No such module "IPA".; born 17 July 1961) is a Portuguese lawyer and politician who has served as President of the European Council since 2024. He previously served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 2015 to 2024 and Secretary-General of the Socialist Party from 2014 to 2024.

Born in Lisbon, Costa was Secretary of State for Parliamentary Affairs from 1995 to 1997, Minister of Parliamentary Affairs from 1997 to 1999, Minister of Justice from 1999 to 2002, Minister of Internal Administration from 2005 to 2007, as well as Mayor of Lisbon from 2007 to 2015.

Costa was elected secretary-general of the Socialist Party in 2014. Costa's near 9-year tenure as prime minister is the second longest, with Costa also being the longest-serving politician in government functions, in Portuguese democracy, and the longest of any Iberian Peninsula national leader in the 21st century. On 7 November 2023, Costa resigned following an investigation involving members of his government in connection with alleged corruption and malfeasance in handling lithium mining and hydrogen projects in the country. The President of Portugal decided to dissolve Parliament and called for a snap election. Costa stayed as Prime Minister in a caretaker capacity until 2 April 2024, when he was succeeded by Luís Montenegro.

In December 2024, Costa succeeded Charles Michel as President of the European Council. As President of the European Council, Costa reaffirmed support for Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Early life and education

António Luís Santos da Costa was born on 17 July 1961 in Lisbon, Portugal, the son of writer Orlando da Costa and journalist Maria Antónia Palla. He is of Portuguese and Goan descent.[1][2] In Goa, Costa is affectionately known as Babush, a word in Konkani meaning 'a young loved one'.[3]

Costa graduated from the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon in the 1980s when he first entered politics and was elected as a Socialist deputy to the municipal council. He completed the mandatory military service in 1987[4] and later practised law briefly from 1988, before entering politics full-time.[5]

Political career

António Costa joined the Socialist Youth in 1975, at the age of fourteen.[6] In the 1982 local elections, Costa was elected as a member of the Lisbon municipal assembly, being re-elected in 1985 and 1989.[7] In the 1991 legislative election, Costa was elected as member of the Assembly of the Republic from the district of Lisbon.[8]

For the 1993 local elections, Costa was picked as the mayoral candidate for the municipality of Loures, a suburb of Lisbon.[9] This contest threw national attention because Costa did a campaign stunt by promoting a race between a Ferrari and a donkey to highlight the difficulty in roads and transportation to Lisbon, and to point for the necessity of better roads and a subway connection to Loures.[10] Costa narrowly lost the mayoral race to the Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU) candidate by a 35 to 34 percent margin.[11]

In the 1996 presidential election, António Costa was the campaign director of Jorge Sampaio's successful run for the Presidency of the Republic.[12] Costa's first role in a Socialist government was as Minister of Parliamentary Affairs under Prime Minister António Guterres between 1997 and 1999. In Guterres' second term, Costa held the office of Minister of Justice from 1999 to 2002.[5] Costa also coordinated the organization of the Expo '98 in Lisbon.[13]

File:António Costa 2004.jpg
Costa in 2004

In the 2002 legislative election, Costa was elected a member of parliament from the district of Leiria and, due to the defeat of the PS in this election, became the party's parliamentary leader in opposition.[8] During the 2003 Casa Pia child sexual abuse scandal, António Costa's name was involved in wiretaps where he appears to want to interfere with the Public Prosecutor's Office to avoid the arrest of the PS deputy Paulo Pedroso.[14] Costa was a member of the European Parliament for the Socialist Party (Party of European Socialists), heading the list for the 2004 European elections after the death of top candidate António de Sousa Franco. On 20 July 2004, he was elected as one of the 14 vice-presidents of the European Parliament. He also served on the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs.[15] Costa would remain a member of the Party of European Socialists (PES) coalition.[16]

Costa resigned as an MEP on 11 March 2005 to become Minister of State and Internal Administration in the government of José Sócrates following the 2005 national elections.[17]

Mayor of Lisbon

António Costa resigned from all government offices in May 2007 to become his party's candidate for the municipality of Lisbon, Portugal's capital city. He was elected as Lisbon's mayor on 15 July 2007 and reelected in 2009 and 2013, with a bigger majority each time. In April 2015, he resigned his duties as mayor, while he was already the secretary general of the Socialist Party and the party's candidate for prime minister, so that he could prepare his campaign for the October 2015 general elections.[18]

Candidate for prime minister

In September 2014, the Socialist Party chose Costa as its candidate to be prime minister of Portugal in the 2015 national elections.[19] In a ballot to select the party's candidate, gaining nearly 70 per cent of the votes, he defeated party leader António José Seguro, who announced his resignation after the result.[20] By April 2015, he stepped down as mayor to focus on his campaign.[21]

During the campaign, Costa pledged to ease back on austerity and give more disposable income back to households.[22] He proposed to boost incomes, hiring and growth to cut the budget deficits while scrapping austerity measures and cutting taxes for the middle and lower classes, asserting that would still allow deficits to reduce in line with the Euro convergence criteria.[23] Also, he pledged to roll back a hugely unpopular hike in value added tax on restaurants and reinstate some benefits for civil servants.[21]

Prime Minister of Portugal

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First term (2015–2019)

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File:António Costa 2.JPG
Costa at the Informal EU-Leaders' Meeting in Salzburg in 2018

On 4 October 2015, the conservative Portugal Ahead coalition that had ruled the country since 2011 came first in the elections, winning 38.6% of the vote, while the Socialist Party (PS) came second with 32.3%. Passos Coelho was reappointed prime minister the following days, but António Costa formed an alliance with the other parties on the left (the Left Bloc, the Portuguese Communist Party and the Ecologist Party "The Greens"), which altogether constituted a majority in Parliament, and toppled the government on 10 November (the People–Animals–Nature party also voted in favour of the motion of rejection presented by the left alliance). After toppling the conservative government, Costa was chosen as the new prime minister of Portugal by President Cavaco Silva on 24 November and assumed office on 26 November.[18][24]

By March 2017, polls put support for Costa's Socialists at 42 per cent, up 10 points from their share of the vote in the 2015 election and close to a level that would give them a majority in parliament were the country to vote again.[25] In the 2017 local elections, Costa further consolidated power in Portugal as his party captured a record haul of 158 town halls out of the country's 308 cities and towns; nationwide, the Socialists’ vote share topped 38 per cent, again up from their result in the 2015 parliamentary election.[26]

During his tenure, Portugal experienced its deadliest wildfires ever, firstly in Pedrogão Grande in June 2017 (65 dead) and later across the country in October 2017 (41 dead).[27] In October 2017, the opposition People's Party (CDS) launched a motion of no-confidence in Costa's government over its failure to prevent the loss of human lives in the lethal Iberian wildfires, the second such disaster in four months; the motion was largely symbolic as the minority Socialist government continued to be backed in parliament by two left-wing parties.[28]

File:Sánchez se reúne en Lisboa con Costa, Lisboa (Portugal), 02-07-2018 (5).png
Costa with Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez in Lisbon, 2 July 2018

In April 2018, Reuters reported that, "Since coming to power, Costa's government has managed to combine fiscal discipline with measures to support growth, while reversing most of the austerity policies imposed by the previous centre-right administration during the 2010–13 debt crisis.[29] Various reforms were also carried out during Costa’s first term in office, including social protection for children, free books for all students up until the age of 18, far cheaper public transport tickets, and a social electricity price; with lower bills for low-income families.[30]

In early 2019, Costa's government survived another opposition motion of no confidence lodged over a wave of public sector strikes.[31] Ahead of the 2019 national elections, Costa ruled out a coalition government with the hard left if, as expected, his governing party won the election but fell shy of a parliamentary majority. Instead, he indicated he favoured a continuation of the current pact in parliament with the Communists and/or the Left Bloc – rather than any formal coalition in which they would have government ministers.[32]

Second term (2019–2022)

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File:Secretary Pompeo Meets with Prime Minister António Costa (49172325166).jpg
Costa meets with U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo in Lisbon, Portugal on 5 December 2019.

Costa's second government was sworn in on 26 October 2019,[33] the biggest government in Portuguese democracy, with 70 members: 20 ministers, including the prime minister, and 50 secretaries of state.[34] This government would prove to be very unstable due to the lack of an agreement between the left-wing parties, and, in the vote of the 2020 budget, BE and CDU abstained while the Socialists were the only party voting in favour.[35]

Despite the political instability from the lack of an agreement, the XXII government was dominated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The first case appeared on 2 March 2020, and shortly after, the government declared a state of emergency, which was signed by the President, and a lockdown was also issued.[36] The lockdown and restrictions were lifted in June 2020, but new measures would be enacted in the following months as infections and deaths rose. By mid-2022, Portugal had become one the worst affected countries in the world by the pandemic, with a death rate of 25.8 per 1 million, and an infection rate of 1,090 per 1 million.[37] The Covid vaccination campaign in Portugal, led by Admiral Henrique Gouveia e Melo, which was nominated by the government, was a major success with more than 28 million vaccines given and nearly 9 million people fully vaccinated (85% of the population), one of the biggest rates in the world.[38]

File:Rumen Radev attends the European Council Summit October 2021 (6).jpg
Costa with Bulgarian President Rumen Radev in the European Council Summit in Brussels, 22 October 2021

Between 1 January and 30 June 2021, António Costa presided over the Council of the European Union. In the 2021 local elections, the Socialist Party remained the largest party in the country but suffered heavy losses in several cities, especially Lisbon, which was lost to a centre-right coalition.[39] The results were seen as a "yellow card" to António Costa.[40] At the same time, the left-wing parties, BE and CDU, were threatening to reject the 2022 budget if Costa's government didn't make more concessions.[41] The President warned that budget rejection would lead to snap elections, which ultimately happened as the left-wing parties joined forces with the right-wing and rejected the 2022 budget, the first rejection in democracy.[42] Snap elections were called for 30 January 2022.

Further reforms were carried out durng Costa’s second term, including a new housing and urban planning law,[43] the extension of free early childhood education and care to all vulnerable children,[44] extended bereavement leave,[45] and a duty on employers “to refrain from contacting employees outside regular working hours.”[46]

Third term (2022–2024)

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File:Зустріч Президента України з Прем’єр-міністром Португалії 13.jpg
Costa with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on 21 May 2022

Costa was re-elected in the 2022 Portuguese legislative election, with the PS winning 120 seats, up from 108 seats, in a surprise outright majority in the Assembly. In the weeks leading up to the election, polling suggested that Costa and the Socialist Party would retain their status as the largest party in the Assembly but would need the help of other parties to achieve a majority. In his victory speech, Costa thanked voters for giving him "an increased responsibility" and promising to govern "with and for all Portuguese".[47] This gave him the mandate to form the XXIII Constitutional Government of Portugal.[48]

During Costa’s third term, several amendments to the country’s Labour Code were carried out.[49] However, his third term was marred by a wave of scandals and resignations that affected his popularity negatively in the opinion polls.[50] 11 ministers and secretaries of state left their roles, over allegations of corruption and past misconduct or questionable practices.[51] The most significant scandal was the TAP scandal where Costa's government has been involved. Infrastructure Minister Pedro Nuno Santos submitted his resignation in December 2022, following a public backlash over a hefty severance pay a secretary of state received from state-owned TAP, which fell under his remit.[52]

File:24.04.2023 - Visita às instalações das Oficinas Gerais de Material Aeronáutico (OGMA), Indústria Aeronáutica de Portugal S.A. (52848285048).jpg
Costa with Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva on 24 April 2023

Costa replaced Santos with João Galamba, who submitted his resignation in May 2023 as the TAP scandal widened. Opposition parties said that Galamba concealed from parliament that he had proposed that then TAP CEO Christine Ourmières-Widener meet Socialist lawmakers to prepare for a parliamentary hearing about her severance package. Widener was later fired after an official inspection found that the severance was illegal. Galamba initially said the preparatory meeting was TAP's idea, but acknowledged it was he who had told Widener that, if she wanted, she could attend the meeting where his advisors would also be present.[53]

Galamba added that one of his advisors, who took notes on what was discussed at the meeting, had been fired and taken a laptop with confidential information with him. The laptop was later recovered by the national intelligence service SIS, leading to accusations from the opposition of government overreach since such cases were a police matter. Costa denied that neither he nor any member of the government had given orders to SIS to recover the laptop.[53] He added that he would reject the resignation of Galamba, keeping him in the job against president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa's and the opposition's request.[54] President Rebelo de Sousa responded by issuing a warning that Costa's government needed to work on preserving its credibility, while refraining from using his power to dissolve parliament.[55]

Resignation

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File:Antonio Costa resignation - 07 Nov 2023.png
Costa announcing his resignation, on 7 November 2023

On 7 November 2023, Portuguese prosecutors detained Costa's chief of staff Vítor Escária and named João Galamba a formal suspect[56] in an investigation into alleged corruption in lithium mining, green hydrogen production and a data centre deals. Over 40 searches were carried out, some of which in government and local government buildings, including Escária's office, the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Action.[57][58] Costa was also under suspicion of enabling the lithium and green hydrogen deals, and was to be inquired by the Supreme Court of Justice.[59]

In a televised statement in the afternoon, Costa announced his resignation from the position of prime minister, saying that "the dignity of the functions of prime minister is not compatible with any suspicion about his integrity, his good conduct and even less with the suspicion of the practice of any criminal act".[60][61]

The President of the Republic, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, accepted Costa's resignation on the same day.[62] However, the resignation of Costa and his government was only made official on 8 December, to have the State Budget for 2024 approved. The Assembly of the Republic was also dissolved. The president scheduled early elections to be held on 10 March 2024. Costa's government remained in office in a caretaker capacity until the new government (led by Luis Montenegro) was sworn in after the elections.[63][64][65]

The investigation has since attracted criticism after the prosecutors admitted several mistakes, including confusion between the names of António Costa and then Minister of Economy António Costa Silva in the transcript of a wiretap.[66][67][68]

Costa would become the second-longest-serving Portuguese prime minister during Portuguese democracy.[69] He served as head of government longer than any other Iberian Peninsula national leader in the 21st century.[70]

President of the European Council

File:President Costa meets interim President of Syria.jpg
Costa with Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa at the Emergency Summit of the League of Arab States on Gaza, 3 March 2025
File:Xi Jinping with Ursula von der Leyen and Antonio Costa (July 2025).jpg
António Costa with Ursula von der Leyen and Chinese President Xi Jinping in Beijing, China, 24 July 2025

In the aftermath of the 2024 European Parliament election, Costa was seen as the frontrunner candidate for the Presidency of the European Council.[71][72][73] On 27 June 2024, António Costa was elected as President of the European Council, one of the three most important leadership posts of the European Union, by the 27 EU member state leaders.[72] He started in the position on 1 December 2024.[74]

As President of the European Council, Costa reaffirmed support for the Ukrainian government of Volodymyr Zelenskyy on the third anniversary of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[75]

In March 2025, Costa met in the Egyptian capital, Cairo, with Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa.[76]

Personal life

In 1987, Costa married Fernanda Maria Gonçalves Tadeu, a teacher.[5] The couple have a son and a daughter. Costa also holds an Overseas Citizenship of India.[77]

Costa is a supporter of the football club S.L. Benfica,[78] and was a frequent spectator at their matches while mayor of Lisbon. He also accompanied Benfica to both UEFA Europa League finals, in 2013 and 2014.

Electoral history

Loures City Council election, 1993

Ballot: 12 December 1993Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDU Demétrio Alves 55,524 34.6 4 –1
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PS António Costa 53,749 33.5 4 +1
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PSD João Malato Correia 34,727 21.7 3 ±0
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDS–PP – 6,348 4.0 0 ±0
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PCTP/MRPP – 4,117 2.6 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 5,829 3.6 – –
Turnout 160,294 61.01 11 ±0
Source: Autárquicas 1993[79]

European Parliament election, 2004

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Ballot: 13 June 2004Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PS António CostaTemplate:Efn 1,516,001 44.5 12 ±0
style="background:Template:Party color;"| FP João de Deus Pinheiro 1,132,769 33.3 9 –2
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDU Ilda Figueiredo 309,401 9.1 2 ±0
style="background:Template:Party color;"| BE Miguel Portas 167,313 4.9 1 +1
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PCTP/MRPP Garcia Pereira 36,294 1.1 0 ±0
Other parties 108,338 3.2 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 134,166 4.0 – –
Turnout 3,404,782 38.60 24 –1
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[80]

Lisbon City Council by-election, 2007

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Ballot: 15 July 2007Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PS António Costa 56,732 29.5 6 +1
style="background:Template:Party color;"| Ind. Carmona Rodrigues 31,990 16.6 3 new
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PSD Fernando Negrão 30,401 15.8 3 –5
style="background:Template:Party color;"| Ind. Helena Roseta 19,754 10.3 2 new
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDU Ruben de Carvalho 18,163 9.4 2 ±0
style="background:Template:Party color;"| BE José Sá Fernandes 13,132 6.8 1 ±0
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDS–PP Telmo Correia 7,148 3.7 0 –1
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PCTP/MRPP Garcia Pereira 3,021 1.6 0 ±0
Other parties 4,530 2.3 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 7,483 3.9 – –
Turnout 192,354 36.70 17 ±0
Source: Intercalares 2007[81]

Lisbon City Council election, 2009

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Ballot: 11 October 2009Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PS António Costa 123,372 44.0 9 +3
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PSD/CDS–PP/MPT/PPM Pedro Santana Lopes 108,457 38.7 7 +4
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDU Ruben de Carvalho 22,623 8.1 1 –1
style="background:Template:Party color;"| BE Luís Fazenda 12,795 4.6 0 –1
Other parties 5,911 2.1 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 7,152 2.5 – –
Turnout 280,310 53.43 17 ±0
Source: Autárquicas 2009[82]

Lisbon City Council election, 2013

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Ballot: 29 September 2013Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PS António Costa 116,425 50.9 11 +2
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PSD/CDS–PP/MPT Fernando Seara 51,156 22.4 4 –3
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDU João Ferreira 22,519 9.9 2 +1
style="background:Template:Party color;"| BE João Semedo 10,533 4.6 0 ±0
PPM/PPV/PND José Jorge Andrade 2,814 1.2 0 new
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PCTP/MRPP Joana Miranda 2,378 1.0 0 ±0
Other parties 1,838 0.8 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 15,792 6.9 – –
Turnout 228,682 45.06 17 ±0
Source: Autárquicas 2013[83]

PS Primary election, 2014

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Ballot: 28 September 2014Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Candidate Votes %
bgcolor=Template:Party color| António Costa 120,188 67.8
bgcolor=Template:Party color| António José Seguro 55,928 31.5
Blank/Invalid ballots 1,234 0.7
Turnout 177,350 70.71
Source: Resultados[84]

Legislative election, 2015

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Ballot: 4 October 2015Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PàF Pedro Passos Coelho 2,085,465 38.6 107 –25
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PS António Costa 1,747,730 32.3 86 +12
style="background:Template:Party color;"| BE Catarina Martins 550,945 10.2 19 +11
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDU Jerónimo de Sousa 445,901 8.3 17 +1
PAN André Silva 75,170 1.4 1 +1
PDR Marinho e Pinto 61,920 1.1 0 new
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PCTP/MRPP Garcia Pereira 60,045 1.1 0 ±0
Other parties 178,937 3.3 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 201,979 3.7 – –
Turnout 5,408,092 55.84 230 ±0
Source: Diário da República[85]

Legislative election, 2019

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Ballot: 6 October 2019Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PS António Costa 1,903,687 36.3 108 +22
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PSD Rui Rio 1,454,283 27.8 79 –10
style="background:Template:Party color;"| BE Catarina Martins 498,549 9.5 19 ±0
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDU Jerónimo de Sousa 332,018 6.3 12 –5
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDS–PP Assunção Cristas 221,094 4.2 5 –13
PAN André Silva 173,931 3.3 4 +3
Chega André Ventura 67,502 1.3 1 new
style="background:Template:Party color;"| IL Carlos Guimarães Pinto 67,443 1.3 1 new
style="background:Template:Party color;"| LIVRE Joacine Katar Moreira 56,940 1.1 1 +1
Other parties 207,162 4.0 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 254,875 4.9 – –
Turnout 5,237,484 48.60 230 ±0
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[86]

Legislative election, 2022

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Ballot: 30 January 2022Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Election table/category
Party Candidate Votes % Seats +/−
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PS António Costa 2,302,601 41.4 120 +12
style="background:Template:Party color;"| PSDTemplate:Efn Rui Rio 1,618,381 29.1 77 –2
Chega André Ventura 399,659 7.2 12 +11
style="background:Template:Party color;"| IL João Cotrim Figueiredo 273,687 4.9 8 +7
style="background:Template:Party color;"| BE Catarina Martins 244,603 4.4 5 –14
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDU Jerónimo de Sousa 238,920 4.3 6 –6
style="background:Template:Party color;"| CDS–PP Rodrigues dos Santos 89,181 1.6 0 –5
PAN Inês Sousa Real 88,152 1.6 1 –3
style="background:Template:Party color;"| LIVRE Rui Tavares 71,232 1.3 1 ±0
Other parties 91,299 1.6 0 ±0
Blank/Invalid ballots 146,824 2.6 – –
Turnout 5,564,539 51.46 230 ±0
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[87]

Honours

National honours

Foreign honours

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

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  1. ↑ Then Came A Gandhi Template:Webarchive, outlookindia.com, retrieved 10 September 2015
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  5. ↑ a b c Axel Bugge (4 October 2015), Portuguese Socialist leader Costa candidate for PM Template:Webarchive Reuters.
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  17. ↑ Mais de um terço do Executivo de Costa esteve nos governos de Sócrates (Jornal Económico) https://jornaleconomico.sapo.pt/noticias/mais-de-um-terco-do-executivo-de-costa-esteve-nos-governos-de-socrates-722921 Template:Webarchive
  18. ↑ a b Agence France-Presse (25 November 2015), Portugal gets Antonio Costa as new PM after election winner only lasted 11 days Template:Webarchive The Guardian.
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Andrei Khalip (28 September 2014), Portugal opposition Socialists choose mayor of Lisbon as a candidate for PM in next year's election Template:Webarchive Reuters.
  21. ↑ a b Axel Bugge (1 April 2015), Lisbon Socialist mayor steps down to campaign for Portugal PM Template:Webarchive Reuters.
  22. ↑ Axel Bugge (18 September 2015), Portugal election race still in dead heat, no majority win: poll Template:Webarchive Reuters.
  23. ↑ Andrei Khalip (17 September 2015), Portuguese PM and Socialist opponent clash over austerity as election nears Template:Webarchive Reuters.
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Axel Bugge (31 March 2017), As Europe left struggles, Portugal's alliance wins over voters and Brussels Template:Webarchive Reuters.
  26. ↑ Paul Ames (2 October 2017), Portugal’s Socialists toast ‘biggest ever’ election win Template:Webarchive Politico Europe.
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Axel Bugge and Andrei Khalip (17 October 2017), Portugal's government faces no-confidence vote over forest fires Template:Webarchive Reuters.
  29. ↑ Andrei Khalip (13 April 2018), Portugal government targets budget surplus in 2020, irks allies Template:Webarchive Reuters.
  30. ↑ Making Portugal’s Break With Austerity Real An interview with Francisco Louçã, Interview by David Broder, published by Jacobin May the 10th 2019
  31. ↑ Andrei Khalip and Mark Heinrich (20 February 2019), Portuguese PM withstands no-confidence motion in parliament Template:Webarchive Reuters.
  32. ↑ Andrei Khalip (29 August 2019), Portugal PM rules out coalition government after October election Template:Webarchive Reuters.
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  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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  43. ↑ The New Portuguese Housing and Urban Planning Law (3/2021) by Ana Neves, 2021
  44. ↑ PES Social Europe Network: all Member States should follow socialist governments and implement the Child Guarantee October 14, 2021
  45. ↑ Portugal: updates regarding labour 05/01/2022
  46. ↑ The right to disconnect – or as Portugal calls it – the duty of absence of contact Mariana Pinto Ramos (VdA - Vieira de Almeida & Associados; University of Lisbon (Portugal))/09/03/2022
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  49. ↑ Portugal February 05, 2024 By Paul Hastings Professional
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Presidencia del Gobierno: Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

External links

Template:Sister project Template:Sister project

Political offices
Vacant
Title last held by
António Couto dos Santos 		Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
1997–1999 Template:S-ttl/check 		Vacant
Title next held by
Luís Marques Mendes
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Minister of Justice
1999–2002 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Minister of Internal Administration
2005–2007 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Mayor of Lisbon
2007–2015 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Leader of the Opposition
2014–2015 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Prime Minister of Portugal
2015–2024 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check President of the European Council
2024– Template:S-ttl/check 		Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check President of the Parliamentary Group
of the Socialist Party
2002–2004 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Secretary-General of the Socialist Party
2014–2024 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Academic offices
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Invocation Speaker of the College of Europe
2017 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by

Script error: No such module "navboxes". Template:Prime Ministers of Portugal Template:23rd Constitutional Government of Portugal Template:22nd Constitutional Government of Portugal Template:21st Constitutional Government of Portugal Template:Council of State of Portugal Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Presidents of the European Council Template:Party of European Socialists Template:Current G20 leaders Template:List of current heads of state of G20Script error: No such module "navboxes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Authority control

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