Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
Template:Short description Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (Template:Langx, also the Order of the Cross of St. Mary's Land) was instituted by the President of Estonia, Lennart Meri, on 16 May 1995 to honour the independence of the Estonian state.[1] (The Latin name Terra Mariana, meaning the "Land of Mary" was the official name for Medieval Livonia and designated the area which includes what is now Latvia and southern Estonia in medieval times.)
The Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana is bestowed upon the President of the Republic. Presidents of the Republic who have ceased to hold office keep the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana. The Collar of the Order was used de facto as the badge of office of the President of the Republic, since Soviet authorities took the original presidential collar, that of the Order of the National Coat of Arms, out of Estonia after the Soviet occupation of Estonia in 1940; it remains since 2023[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". in the Kremlin in Moscow. A new collar of that order was made in 2008.[2]
The Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana is also given as a decoration of the highest class to foreigners who have rendered special services to the Republic of Estonia. As such it is the highest and most distinguished order granted by Estonia to non-Estonian citizens.
Classes
The Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana comprises six classes:
- One special class – The Collar of the Cross of Terra Mariana;
- Five basic classes – 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th class.
The crosses and shields of all the classes of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana have the same design and are of the same size.
The blue colour tone of the moiré ribands belonging to the decorations of all the classes of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana is determined according to the international PANTONE colour-table as 300 C.
Notable recipients
Recipients of the Collar
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The recipients are :[3]
Template:Flagicon Estonian presidents
- President Lennart Meri (1992–2001), 10.09.1995 (Serie 5 – n° ?)
- President Arnold Rüütel (2001–2006), 08.10.2001 (Serie 270 – n° 1138)
- President Toomas Hendrik Ilves (2006–2016), 09.10.2006 (Serie 692 – n° 1071)
- President Kersti Kaljulaid (2016-2021), 10.10.2016
- President Alar Karis (2021-)
Foreign heads of state
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Recipients of the First Class
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The recipients are :[7]
Former foreign heads of state and government
These decorations are awarded for targeted reasons :
| Country | Recipient | Date of reception |
Serie number |
Decision : number & date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Awarded by President Lennart Meri (6 October 1992 – 8 October 2001) | ||||
| Template:Flagu | Former President Gerald Rudolph Ford | 07.01.1997 | 29 | 683 (16.02.1996 ) |
| Template:Flagu | Carl Bildt, politician, Former Prime Minister (1991–94) | 25.07.1996 | 36 | 725 (30.05.1996) |
| Template:Flagu | Former President Roman Herzog (1994–99) | 20.03.2001 | 104 | 730 (08.02.2000) |
| Awarded by President Arnold Rüütel (8 October 2001 – 9 October 2006) | ||||
| Template:Flagu | Mauno Henrik Koivisto, former president (1982–1994) | 20.11.2001 | 271 | 30 ( 16.11.2001) |
| Template:Flagu | Esko Tapani Aho, Former Prime Minister, for supporting quest of independence | 23.02.2003 | 381 | 332 (03.02.2003) |
| Template:Flagu | Garret FitzGerald, former Prime Minister | 22.05.2003 | 383 | 332 (03.02.2003) |
| Template:Flagu | Poul Holmskov Schlüter, Former Prime Minister (1982-1993), for supporting quest of independence | 24.02.2003 | 387 | 332 (03.02.2003) |
| Template:Flagu | George Herbert Walker Bush, for supporting quest to independence | 15.09.2005 | 524 | 775 (02.02.2005) |
| Template:Flagu | Richard von Weizsäcker, former president (1984–94), for supporting quest to independence | 09.06.2005 | 529 | 775 (02.02.2005) |
| Template:Flagu | Bill Clinton, former president (1993–2001), for supporting adhesion to NATO | ? | 634 | 976 (06.02.2006 ) |
| Template:Flagu | Helmut Kohl, Former Chancellor (1982–98), for supporting quest to independence | 03.04.2006 | 635 | 976 (06.02.2006) |
| Template:Flagu | Lech Wałęsa, former president (1990–95), for supporting quest to independence | 23.02.2006 | 636 | 976 (06.02.2006) |
| Awarded by President Toomas Hendrik Ilves ( 9 October 2006 – 10 October 2016 ) | ||||
| Template:Flagu | George Walker Bush, former President | ? | 973 | 48 (01.02.2012) |
| Awarded by President Kersti Kaljulaid ( 10 October 2016 – 11 October 2021 ) | ||||
Consorts of foreign heads of state and royalties
High Personalities
| Country | Recipient | Date of reception |
Serie number |
Decision : number & date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Awarded by President Lennart Meri ( 6 October 1992 – 8 October 2001 ) | ||||
| File:Flag of Europe.svg European Union | Otto von Habsburg, Member of European Parliament | 11.10.1996 | 30 | 683 ( 16.02.1996 ) |
| File:Flag of Europe.svg European Union | Mr Jacques Delors, former chairman of the European Commission | 23.03.1999 | 78 | 495 ( 02.02.1999 ) |
| File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey | Bartholomew I Archbishop and Patriarch of Constantinople-New Rome | 27.10.2000 | 130 | 444 ( 09.10.2000 ) |
| Awarded by President Arnold Rüütel (8 October 2001 – 9 October 2006) | ||||
| File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia | Alexy II of Moscow, Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia | 29.09.2003 | 439 | 444 ( 18.09.2003 ) |
| File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain | Juan Antonio Samaranch | 29.11.2003 | 448 | 464 ( 20.11.2003 ) |
| File:Flag of Europe.svg European Union | John Kjær, Head of the Delegation of the European Union (2000–04) | 23.11.2004 | 523 | 717 ( 12.11.2004 ) |
| File:Flag of Europe.svg European Union | Patrick Cox, Former President of European Parliament, for supporting adhesion to European Union | 03.11.2006 | 526 | 775 ( 02.02.2005 ) |
| File:Flag of Europe.svg European Union | Christopher Patten, Former Member of the European Commission, for supporting adhesion to European Union | 27.10.2005 | 527 | 775 ( 02.02.2005 ) |
| File:Flag of Europe.svg European Union | Günter Verheugen, Former Member of the European Commission, for supporting adhesion to European Union | 02.05.2005 | 528 | 775 ( 02.02.2005 ) |
| Awarded by President Toomas Hendrik Ilves ( 9 October 2006 – 10 October 2016 ) | ||||
| File:Flag of Europe.svg European Union | José Manuel Durão Barroso, President of the European Commission | 23.02.2009 | 855 | 423 ( 04.02.2009 ) |
| Template:Country data NATO | Jakob Gijsbert de Hoop Scheffer | 09.07.2009 | 886 | 520 ( 06.07.2009 ) |
| File:Flag of Europe.svg European Union | Hans-Gert Pöttering (File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany), President of the European Parliament | 23.02.2013 | 1036 | 224 ( 06.02.2013 ) |
| File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Vinton Gray Cerf, Computer scientist | 28.04.2014 | 1103 | 368 ( 05.02.2014 ) |
| Awarded by President Kersti Kaljulaid ( 10 October 2016 – 11 October 2021) | ||||
Recipients of the Fourth Class
- Robert Fripp, 2008[8]
Recipients of the Fifth Class
- Lydia Vasikova, 2001
See also
References
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- ↑ The Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana. President of the Republic of Estonia, Estonian State Decorations. Retrieved 2011-01-22
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- ↑ Estonian Presidency, Recipients First Class (Maarjamaa Risti I klassi teenetemärk). Retrieved 03 October 2013
- ↑ Listing for Robert Fripp (2008)
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External links
- The Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, president.ee
- List of recipients