Adja language
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The Aja language is a Gbe language spoken by the Aja people of Benin, Togo, Ghana, Nigeria and Gabon. In Gabon, they are mostly migrants.
it is closely related to other Gbe languages such as Ewe, Mina, Fon, and Phla Phera. Adja is the mother tribe from which the other Gbe people are descended.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | Labial- velar |
Uvular | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | [[[:Template:IPA link]]] | [[[:Template:IPA link]]] | [[[:Template:IPA link]]] | Template:IPA link | ||||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||
| voiced | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |||
| voiced | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | ||||
| Approximant | Template:IPA link ~ [[[:Template:IPA link]]] | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |||||
- Voiced consonants /Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link/ are heard as nasal sonorant sounds [[[:Template:IPA link]], Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link] when followed by a nasal vowel.
- /Template:IPA link/ is heard as a rhotic trill [[[:Template:IPA link]]] when after alveolar, retroflex or post-alveolar consonants.
- Sounds /Template:IPA link/ and /Template:IPA link/ are heard as post-alveolar [[[:Template:IPA link]]], [[[:Template:IPA link]]] when preceding /Template:IPA link/.
- Approximant sounds /Template:IPA link, Template:IPA link/ may also be nasalized as [[[:Template:IPA link]], Template:IPA link] when preceding or following nasal vowels.
- Some linguists have also attested the nasal sound [[[:Template:IPA link]]], and labialized uvular sounds, [[[:Template:IPA link]]] and [[[:Template:IPA link]]], as separate phonemes.[1]
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |
| Close-mid | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |
| Open-mid | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |
| Open | Template:IPA link |
- /Template:IPA link/ when before /Template:IPA link/ is heard as a labio-palatal [[[:Template:IPA link]]]. It is then nasalized as [[[:Template:IPA link]]] when in nasal position.[1]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |
| Open-mid | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |
| Open | Template:IPA link |
Comparison
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Aja
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Ewe
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English
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
References
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