Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala

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The Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala, or ALMG (English: Guatemalan Academy of Mayan Languages) is a Guatemalan organisation that regulates the use of the 22 Mayan languages spoken within the borders of the republic. It has expended particular efforts on standardising the various writing systems used.[1] Another of its functions is to promote Mayan culture, which it does by providing courses in the country's various Mayan languages and by training Spanish-Mayan interpreters.

It was founded on 16 November 1990 as an autonomous state organization, following publication of the Ley de la Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala, which had been passed by Congress the previous October.[2]

Orthography

The ALMG have developed the most widely used orthographies for the Mayan languages. The Mayan languages in Mexico use different orthographies developed by INALI.

ALMG orthography for the phonemes of Mayan languagesScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
Vowels Consonants
ALMG IPA ALMG IPA ALMG IPA ALMG IPA ALMG IPA ALMG IPA ALMG IPA ALMG IPA
a Template:IPAblink aa Template:IPAblink ä Template:IPAblink bʼ Template:IPAblink b Template:IPAblink ch Template:IPAblink chʼ Template:IPAblink h Template:IPAblink
e Template:IPAblink ee Template:IPAblink ë Template:IPAblink j Template:IPAblink k Template:IPAblink kʼ Template:IPAblink l Template:IPAblink m Template:IPAblink
i Template:IPAblink ii Template:IPAblink ï Template:IPAblink n Template:IPAblink nh Template:IPAblink p Template:IPAblink q Template:IPAblink qʼ Template:IPAblink
o Template:IPAblink oo Template:IPAblink ö Template:IPAblink r Template:IPAblink s Template:IPAblink t Template:IPAblink tʼ Template:IPAblink tz Template:IPAblink
u Template:IPAblink uu Template:IPAblink ü Template:IPAblink tzʼ Template:IPAblink w Template:IPAblink x Template:IPAblink y Template:IPAblink  ʼ  Template:IPAblink

In tonal languages (primarily Yucatec), a high tone is indicated with an accent, as with "á" or "ée".

For the languages that make a distinction between palato-alveolar and retroflex affricates and fricatives (Mam, Ixil, Tektitek, Awakatek, Qʼanjobʼal, Poptiʼ, and Akatek in Guatemala, and Yucatec in Mexico) the ALMG suggests the following set of conventions.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

ALMG convention for palato-alveolar and retroflex consonants
ALMG IPA ALMG IPA ALMG IPA
ch Script error: No such module "IPA". chʼ Script error: No such module "IPA". x Script error: No such module "IPA".
tx Script error: No such module "IPA". txʼ Script error: No such module "IPA". xh Script error: No such module "IPA".

Languages

The 22 languages regulated by the ALMG are Achi, Akatek, Awakatek, Chalchitek (sometimes considered a dialect of Awakatek), Ch’orti’, Chuj, Itza’, Ixil, Jakaltek, Kaqchikel, K’iche’, Mam, Mopan, Poqomam, Poqomchi’, Q’anjob’al, Q’eqchi’, Sakapultek, Sipakapense, Tektitek, Tz’utujil, and Uspantek.[3]

Notes

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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References

  • French, Brigittine. 2004. The politics and semiotics of sounds – Mayan linguistics and nation-building in Guatemala. Collegium Antropologicum 28, Supplement 1:249–255.
  • Fischer, E. F., & Brown, R. M. (Eds.). (2010). Maya cultural activism in Guatemala. University of Texas Press.
  • Rostica, J. C. (2007). Las organizaciones mayas de Guatemala y el diálogo intercultural. Política y cultura, (27), 75–97.
  • England, N. C. (2003). Mayan language revival and revitalization politics: Linguists and linguistic ideologies. American anthropologist, 105(4), 733–743.
The original version of this article was translated, with adaptations, from the corresponding article on the Spanish-language Wikipedia.

External links

Template:Authority control

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