39th United States Congress

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox United States Congress

The 39th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1865, to March 4, 1867, during Abraham Lincoln's final month as president, and the first two years of the administration of his successor, Andrew Johnson.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1860 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

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Major events

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Major legislation

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Constitutional amendments

States admitted

  • July 24, 1866: Tennessee readmitted to representation.
  • March 1, 1867: Nebraska admitted as the 37th state, sess. 2, ch. 36, 14 Stat. 391 (over president's veto)

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

During this Congress, two seats were added for the new state of Nebraska. Template:US Congress party summary

House of Representatives

During this Congress, one seat was added for the new state of Nebraska.

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Leadership

File:President Andrew Johnson.jpg
President of the Senate
Andrew Johnson, until April 15, 1865

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

File:39th United States Congress Senators.svg
Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 39th Congress in March 1865. Green stripes represent Unionists and gray stripes represent Unconditional Unionists. The senators from Nebraska and Tennessee were not seated until later in the Congress. <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  2 Democrats
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  1 Democrat and 1 Republican
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  2 Republicans
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  2 Unionists
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  Territories

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1870; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1866.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

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House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

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Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

  • Replacements: 8
  • Deaths: 4
  • Resignations: 2
  • Vacancy: 1
  • Seats of newly admitted states: 2
  • Seats of re-admitted states: 2
  • Total seats with changes: 12

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|- | Maryland (3) | Vacant | Sen. Thomas Hicks had died during previous congress.
Successor elected March 9, 1865. | nowrap Template:Party shading/Unconditional Unionist | John Creswell (UU) | March 9, 1865

|- | New Jersey (2) | Vacant | Although elected in time for this Congress, the Senator-elect was not seated until March 15, 1865.
Senator was later removed in election dispute, see below. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John P. Stockton (D) | March 15, 1865

|- | Tennessee (2) | rowspan=2 | Vacant | rowspan=2 | Tennessee re-admitted to the Union.
Senators were elected July 24, 1866. | nowrap Template:Party shading/Unionist | Joseph S. Fowler (U) | July 24, 1866

|- | Tennessee (1) | nowrap Template:Party shading/Unionist | David T. Patterson (U) | July 28, 1866

|- | Iowa (3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | James Harlan (R) | Resigned May 15, 1865, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of the Interior.
Successor elected January 13, 1866. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Samuel J. Kirkwood (R) | January 13, 1866

|- | Vermont (3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jacob Collamer (R) | Died November 9, 1865.
Successor was appointed November 21, 1865, to continue the term.
Appointee was elected October 24, 1866, to finish the term.[3] | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Luke P. Poland (R) | November 21, 1865

|- | New Jersey (2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John P. Stockton (D) | Disputed election led to Senate vacating the seat March 27, 1866.
Successor elected September 19, 1866. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alexander G. Cattell (R) | September 19, 1866

|- | Vermont (1) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Solomon Foot (R) | Died March 28, 1866.
Successor was appointed April 3, 1866, to continue the term.
Appointee was elected October 24, 1866, to finish the term.[3] | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | George F. Edmunds (R) | April 3, 1866

|- | Kansas (2) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jim Lane (R) | Died July 11, 1866, after being mortally wounded from a self-inflicted gunshot 10 days earlier
Successor was appointed July 19, 1866, to continue the term.
Appointee was elected January 23, 1867, to finish the term.[4] | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Edmund G. Ross (R) | July 19, 1866

|- | New Hampshire (3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Daniel Clark (R) | Resigned July 27, 1866, after being appointed Judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire.
Successor was appointed August 31, 1866. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | George G. Fogg (R) | August 31, 1866

|- | New Jersey (1) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William Wright (D) | Died November 1, 1866.
Successor was appointed November 12, 1866.
Appointee was elected January 23, 1867, to finish the term.[5] | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R) | November 12, 1866

|- | Nebraska (1) | rowspan=2 | New seat | rowspan=2 | Nebraska admitted to the Union March 1, 1867. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas Tipton (R) | rowspan=2 | March 1, 1867

|- | Nebraska (2) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John M. Thayer (R) |}

House of Representatives

  • Replacements: 9
    • Democratic: 1-seat net gain
    • Republican: 2-seat net gain
    • Unconditional Unionist: 1 seat net loss
    • Unionist: 0 net change
  • Deaths: 4
  • Resignations: 4
  • Contested election: 3
  • Seats from newly admitted states: 1
  • Seats from re-admitted states: 8
  • Total seats with changes: 21

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Template:Ordinal US Congress change |- | Template:Ushr | rowspan=8 | Vacant | rowspan=8 | Tennessee re-admitted into the Union | nowrap Template:Party shading/Unionist | Nathaniel G. Taylor (U) | rowspan=8 | July 24, 1866 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap Template:Party shading/Unionist | Horace Maynard (UU) |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap Template:Party shading/Unionist | William B. Stokes (UU) |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap Template:Party shading/Unionist | Edmund Cooper (U) |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap Template:Party shading/Unionist | William B. Campbell (U) |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap Template:Party shading/Unionist | Samuel M. Arnell (UU) |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap Template:Party shading/Unionist | Isaac R. Hawkins (U) |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap Template:Party shading/Unionist | John W. Leftwich (UU) |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap Template:Party shading/Unionist | Edwin H. Webster (UU) | Resigned some time in July, 1865 after being appointed Collector of Customs for the port of Baltimore | nowrap Template:Party shading/Unionist | John L. Thomas Jr. (UU) | December 4, 1865 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Orlando Kellogg (R) | Died August 24, 1865 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert S. Hale (R) | December 3, 1865 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Daniel W. Gooch (R) | Resigned September 1, 1865, after being appointed Navy Agent for the port of Boston | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Nathaniel P. Banks (R) | December 4, 1865 |- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | incumbent Coffroth prevented from taking seat due to election contest | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alexander H. Coffroth (D) | February 19, 1866 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alexander H. Coffroth (D) | Lost contested election July 18, 1866 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | William H. Koontz (R) | July 18, 1866 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Daniel W. Voorhees (D) | Lost contested election February 23, 1866 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Henry D. Washburn (R) | February 23, 1866 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James Brooks (D) | Lost contested election April 7, 1866 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | William E. Dodge (R) | April 7, 1866 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | James Humphrey (R) | Died June 16, 1866 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John W. Hunter (D) | December 4, 1866 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap Template:Party shading/Unionist | Green C. Smith (UU) | Resigned some time in July, 1866 after being appointed Governor of the Montana Territory. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Andrew H. Ward (D) | December 3, 1866 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap Template:Party shading/Unionist | Lovell Rousseau (UU) | Resigned July 21, 1866, after being reprimanded for his assault of Iowa Rep. Josiah B. Grinnell. Was re-elected to fill his own seat. | nowrap Template:Party shading/Unionist | Lovell Rousseau (UU) | December 3, 1866 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Henry Grider (D) | Died September 7, 1866 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Elijah Hise (D) | December 3, 1866 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Philip Johnson (D) | Died January 29, 1867 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Phineas Hitchcock (R) | Nebraska achieved statehood March 1, 1867 | colspan=2 | District eliminated |- | Template:Ushr | New State | Nebraska admitted to the Union March 1, 1867. Seat remained vacant until March 2, 1867 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Turner M. Marquette (R) | March 2, 1867 |}

Committees

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Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

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Further reading

  • Aynes, Richard L. "The 39th Congress (1865–1867) and the 14th Amendment: Some Preliminary Perspectives," Akron Law Review, 42 (no. 4, 2009), 1019–49.
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External links

Transcripts of debates and proceedings

The Congressional Globe contains the official transcripts and proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Congress, although newspapers often provided their own transcripts that sometimes differed from the official ones. Following are external links to the pertinent volumes of the Globe, which are downloadable and/or searchable via Google Books and HathiTrust:

Congressional Globe, 39th Congress, external links to full text
Session Part Start date End date Pages Google Hathi
First One December 4, 1865 February 21, 1866 1 to 960 EL EL
First Two February 21, 1866 April 12, 1866 961 to 1920 EL EL
First Three April 12, 1866 May 29, 1866 1921 to 2880 EL EL
First Four May 29, 1866 July 16, 1866 2881 to 3840 EL EL
First Five July 16, 1866 July 28, 1866 3841 to 4310, plus Appendix EL EL
Second One December 3, 1866 January 25, 1867 1 to 752 EL EL
Second Two January 25, 1867 February 18, 1867 753 to 1504 EL EL
Second Three February 18, 1867 March 2, 1867 1505 to 2005, plus Appendix EL EL

The congressional debates pertaining to the Fourteenth Amendment can be found at “Congressional Debates of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution”.

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  3. ↑ a b Byrd & Wolff, page 176
  4. ↑ Byrd & Wolff, page 108
  5. ↑ Byrd & Wolff, page 142
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