User:Butsuri/scripttables

WIP - some pretty tables for displaying various (mainly Indian) scripts, based on the hiragana and katakana ones.

2 questions are basic: 1) whether to use nested tables to align symbols and labels 2) whether (in Indic scripts) to have columns for manner and rows for place of articulation, or vice versa.

Template

velar	palatal	retroflex	dental	labial
ka	ca	ṭa	ta	pa	plain stops
kha	cha	ṭha	tha	pha	aspirated stops
ga	ja	ḍa	da	ba	voiced stops
gha	jha	ḍha	dha	bha	voiced aspirated stops
ṅa	ña	ṇa	na	ma	nasals
	ya	ra	la	va	semivowels
	śa	ṣa	sa		sibilants
ha					voiced fricative

Tamil

(There's probably not much point in doing one of these for Tamil, given the lack of voice/aspiration contrasts)

velar	palatal	retroflex	dental	labial
க ka	ச ca	ட ṭa	த ta	ப் pa	plain stops
ங ṅa	ஞ ña	ண ṇa	ந na	ம ma	nasals
	ய ya	ர ra	ல la	வ va	semivowels
	śa	ṣa	sa		sibilants
ha					voiced fricative

Sinhala

(Reversed version)

vowels

අ a

ආ ā

ඇ æ

ඈ ǣ

ඉ i

ඊ ī

උ u

ඌ ū

ඍ ṛ

ඎ ṝ

ඏ ḷ

ඐ ḹ

independent

ක ka

කා kā

කැ kæ

කෑ kǣ

කි ki

කී kī

කු ku

කූ kū

කෘ kṛ

කෲ kṝ

කෟ kḷ

කෳ kḹ

dependent (examples)

diphthongs
එ e	ඒ ē	ඓ ai	ඔ o	ඕ ō	ඖ au	independent
කෙ ke	කේ kē	කෛ kai	කො ko	කෝ kō	කෞ kau	dependent (examples)

voiceless stops		voiced stops
unaspirated	aspirate	unaspirated	aspirate	nasal	prenasalised
ක ka	ඛ kha	ග ga	ඝ gha	ඞ ṅa	ඟ ňga	velar
ච ca	ඡ cha	ජ ja	ඣ jha	ඤ ña	ඥ ňja	palatal
ට ṭa	ඨ ṭha	ඩ ḍa	ඪ ḍha	ණ ṇa	ඬ ňḍa	retroflex
ත ta	ථ tha	ද da	ධ dha	න na	ඳ ňda	dental
ප pa	ඵ pha	බ ba	භ bha	ම ma	ඹ m̌ba	labial

Cherokee

Ꭰ a	Ꭱ e	Ꭲ i	Ꭳ o	Ꭴ u	Ꭵ v [ə̃]
Ꭶ ga Ꭷ ka	Ꭸ ge	Ꭹ gi	Ꭺ go	Ꭻ gu	Ꭼ gv
Ꭽ ha	Ꭾ he	Ꭿ hi	Ꮀ ho	Ꮁ hu	Ꮂ hv
Ꮃ la	Ꮄ le	Ꮅ li	Ꮆ lo	Ꮇ lu	Ꮈ lv
Ꮉ ma	Ꮊ me	Ꮋ mi	Ꮌ mo	Ꮍ mu
Ꮎ na Ꮏ hna Ꮐ nah	Ꮑ ne	Ꮒ ni	Ꮓ no	Ꮔ nu	Ꮕ nv
Ꮎ na Ꮏ hna Ꮐ nah	Ꮑ ne	Ꮒ ni	Ꮓ no	Ꮔ nu	Ꮕ nv
Ꮖ qua	Ꮗ que	Ꮘ qui	Ꮙ quo	Ꮚ quu	Ꮛ quv
Ꮝ s Ꮜ sa	Ꮞ se	Ꮟ si	Ꮠ so	Ꮡ su	Ꮢ sv
Ꮣ da Ꮤ ta	Ꮥ de Ꮦ te	Ꮧ di Ꮨ ti	Ꮩ do	Ꮪ du	Ꮫ dv
Ꮬ dla Ꮭ tla	Ꮮ tle	Ꮯ tli	Ꮰ tlo	Ꮱ tlu	Ꮲ tlv
Ꮳ tsa	Ꮴ tse	Ꮵ tsi	Ꮶ tso	Ꮷ tsu	Ꮸ tsv
Ꮹ wa	Ꮺ we	Ꮻ wi	Ꮼ wo	Ꮽ wu	Ꮾ wv
Ꮿ ya	Ᏸ ye	Ᏹ yi	Ᏺ yo	Ᏻ yu	Ᏼ yv

Devanagari

velar	palatal	retroflex	dental	labial
क ka	च ca	ट ṭa	त ta	प pa	plain stops
ख kha	छ cha	ठ ṭha	थ tha	फ pha	aspirated stops
ग ga	ज ja	ड ḍa	द da	ब ba	voiced stops
घ gha	झ jha	ढ ḍha	ध dha	भ bha	voiced aspirated stops
ङ ṅa	ञ ña	ण ṇa	न na	म ma	nasals
	य ya	र ra	ल la	व va	semivowels
	श śa	ष ṣa	स sa		sibilants
ह ha					voiced fricative

Hebrew niqqud

Symbol	Common name	Alternate names	Type	Scientific name	Hebrew	IPA	Transliteration	Comments
בְ‎	Sh'va	sheva	Israeli	shva		Template:IPAblink or Ø	ə, e, ’, or nothing	In modern Hebrew, shva represents either or Ø, regardless of its traditional classification as shva naḥ (Template:Langx) or shva na (Template:Langx), see the following table for examples: Niqqud Shva denoting the vowel Shva denoting Ø (absence of a vowel) shva naḥTemplate:Efn Template:Plainlist Template:Plainlist shva na Template:Plainlist Template:Plainlist
			Tiberian	šəwâ		Template:Plainlist	Template:CEmpty
חֱ‎	Reduced segol	hataf segol	Israeli	ẖataf seggol		Template:IPAblink	e	Template:CEmpty
			Tiberian	ḥăṭep̄ səḡôl		Template:IPAblink	ĕ	Template:CEmpty
חֲ‎	Reduced patach	hataf patah	Israeli	ẖataf pataẖ		Template:IPAblink	a	Template:CEmpty
			Tiberian	ḥăṭep̄ páṯaḥ		Template:IPAblink	ă	Template:CEmpty
חֳ‎	Reduced kamatz	hataf kamats	Israeli	ẖataf kamats		Template:IPAblink	o	Template:CEmpty
			Tiberian	ḥăṭep̄ qāmeṣ		Template:IPAblink	ŏ	Template:CEmpty
בִ‎	Hiriq	hiriq	Israeli	ẖirik		Template:IPAblink	i	Usually promoted to Hiriq Malei in Israeli writing for the sake of disambiguation.
			Tiberian	ḥîreq		Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink	i or í	Template:CEmpty
בִי‎	Hiriq malei	hiriq yod	Israeli	ẖirik male		Template:IPAblink	i	Template:CEmpty
			Tiberian	ḥîreq mālê		Template:IPAblink	î	Template:CEmpty
בֵ‎	Zeire	tsere, tzeirei	Israeli	tsere		Template:IPAblink	e	Template:CEmpty
			Tiberian	ṣērê		Template:IPAblink	ē	Template:CEmpty
בֵי‎, בֵה‎, בֵא‎	Zeire malei	tsere yod, tzeirei yod	Israeli	tsere male		Template:IPAblink	e	More commonly ei (IPA ).
			Tiberian	ṣērê mālê		Template:IPAblink	ê	Template:CEmpty
בֶ‎	Segol	segol	Israeli	seggol		Template:IPAblink	e	Template:CEmpty
			Tiberian	səḡôl	סְגוֹל‎	Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink	e or é	Template:CEmpty
בֶי‎, בֶה‎, בֶא‎	Segol malei	segol yod	Israeli	seggol male		Template:IPAblink	e	With succeeding yod, it is more commonly ei (IPA )
			Tiberian	səḡôl mālê		Template:IPAblink	ệ	Template:CEmpty
בַ‎	Patach	patah	Israeli	pataẖ		Template:IPAblink	a	A patach on a letters ח‎, ע‎, ה‎ at the end of a word is sounded before the letter, and not after. Thus, (Noah) is pronounced . This only occurs at the ends of words and only with patach and ח‎, ע‎, and הּ‎ (that is, ה‎ with a dot (mappiq) in it). This is sometimes called a patach ganuv (), or "stolen" patach (more formally, "furtive patach"), since the sound "steals" an imaginary epenthetic consonant to make the extra syllable.
			Tiberian	páṯaḥ		Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink	a or á	Template:CEmpty
בַה‎, בַא‎	Patach malei	patah he	Israeli	pataẖ male		Template:IPAblink	a	Template:CEmpty
			Tiberian	páṯaḥ mālê		Template:IPAblink	ậ	Template:CEmpty
בָ‎	Kamatz gadol	kamats	Israeli	kamats gadol		Template:IPAblink	a	Template:CEmpty
			Tiberian	qāmeṣ gāḏôl		Template:IPAblink	ā	Template:CEmpty
בָה‎, בָא‎	Kamatz malei	kamats he	Israeli	kamats male		Template:IPAblink	a	Template:CEmpty
			Tiberian	qāmeṣ mālê		Template:IPAblink	â	Template:CEmpty
בָ‎	Kamatz katan	kamats hatuf	Israeli	kamats katan		Template:IPAblink	o	Usually promoted to Holam Malei in Israeli writing for the sake of disambiguation. Also, not to be confused with Hataf Kamatz.
			Tiberian	qāmeṣ qāṭān		Template:IPAblink		Template:CEmpty
בֹ‎	Holam	holam	Israeli	ẖolam		Template:IPAblink	o	Usually promoted to Holam Malei in Israeli writing for the sake of disambiguation. The holam is written above the consonant on the left corner, or slightly to the left of (i.e., after) it at the top.
			Tiberian	ḥōlem		Template:IPAblink	ō	Template:CEmpty
בוֹ‎, בֹה‎, בֹא‎	Holam malei	holam male	Israeli	ẖolam male		Template:IPAblink	o	The holam is written in the normal position relative to the main consonant (above and slightly to the left), which places it directly over the vav.
			Tiberian	ḥōlem mālê		Template:IPAblink	ô	Template:CEmpty
בֻ‎	Kubutz	kubuts (shuruk - Ashkenazi)	Israeli	kubbuts		Template:IPAblink	u	Usually promoted to Shuruk in Israeli writing for the sake of disambiguation.
			Tiberian	qibbûṣ		Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink	u or ú	Template:CEmpty
בוּ‎, בוּה‎, בוּא‎	Shuruk	shuruk (melopum - Ashkenazi)	Israeli	shuruk		Template:IPAblink	u	The shuruk is written after the consonant it applies to (the consonant after which the vowel is pronounced). The dot in the shuruk is identical to a dagesh, thus shuruq and vav with a dagesh are indistinguishable. (see below).
			Tiberian	šûreq		Template:IPAblink	û	Template:CEmpty
בּ‎	Dagesh	dagesh	Israeli	dagesh		varied	varied	Not a vowel, "dagesh" refers to two distinct grammatical entities: "dagesh kal", which designates the plosive (as opposed to fricative) variant of any of the letters בגדכפת‎ (in earlier forms of Hebrew this distinction was allophonic; in Israeli Hebrew ג‎, ד‎ and ת‎ with or without dagesh kal are acoustically and phonologically indistinguishable, whereas plosive and fricative variants of ב‎, כ‎ and פ‎ are sometimes allophonic and sometimes distinct phonemes (e.g., applied make up vs. tipped ash). "dagesh hazak", which designates gemination (prolonged pronunciation) of consonants, but which, although represented in most cases when transliterated according to standards of the Academy of the Hebrew Language, is acoustically and phonologically non existent in Modern Hebrew (except occasionally in dramatic or comical recitations, in some loanwords—such as a few Arabic profanities—and pronunciations exaggerated for the sake of disambiguation). For most letters the dagesh is written within the glyph, near the middle if possible, but the exact position varies from letter to letter (some letters do not have an open area in the middle, and in these cases it is written usually beside the letter, as with yod). The guttural consonants (אהחע‎) and resh (ר‎) are not marked with a dagesh, although the letter he (ה‎) (and rarely א‎) may appear with a mappiq (which is written the same way as dagesh) at the end of a word to indicate that the letter does not signify a vowel but is consonantal. To the resulting form, there can still be added a niqqud diacritic designating a vowel.
			Tiberian	dāḡēš	דָּגֵשׁ‎	Template:CEmpty	Template:CEmpty
בֿ‎	Rafe	rafe	Israeli	rafe		Template:IPAblink or Ø	a˺, e˺, i˺, o˺, or u˺	No longer used in Hebrew. Still seen in Yiddish (especially following the YIVO standard) to distinguish various letter pairs. Some ancient manuscripts have a dagesh or a rafe on nearly every letter. It is also used to indicate that a letter like ה‎ or א‎ is silent. In the particularly strange case of the Ten Commandments, which have two different traditions for their cantillations which many texts write together, there are cases of a single letter with both a dagesh and a rafe, if it is hard in one reading and soft in the other.
			Tiberian	rɔfa		[◌̆]	ă, ĕ, ĭ, or ŭ	Niqqud, but not a vowel. Used as an "anti-dagesh", to show that a בגדכפת‎ letter is soft and not hard, or (sometimes) that a consonant is single and not double, or that a letter like ה‎ or א‎ is completely silent
שׁ‎	Shin dot	shin dot	Israeli and Tiberian	šin dot	, , "right Shin"	Template:IPAblink	š/sh	Niqqud, but not a vowel (except when inadequate typefaces merge the holam of a letter before the shin with the shin dot). The dot for shin is written over the right (first) branch of the letter. It is usually transcribed "sh".
שׂ‎	Sin dot	sin dot	Israeli	śin dot	, , "left Shin"	Template:IPAblink	ś/s	Niqqud, but not a vowel (except when inadequate typefaces merge the holam of the sin with the sin dot). The dot for sin is written over the left (third) branch of the letter
			Tiberian					Some linguistic evidence indicates that it was originally IPA Template:IPAblink, though poetry and acrostics show that it has been pronounced Template:IPAslink since ancient times).