Upasarga
Script error: No such module "about".
Upasarga is a term used in Sanskrit grammar for a special class of twenty prepositional particles prefixed to verbs or to action nouns.[1] In Vedic, these prepositions are separable from verbs; in classical Sanskrit the prefixing is obligatory.
The twenty prefixes (in Indic alphabetical order) are recognized in Script error: No such module "lang".'s Script error: No such module "lang". at 1.4.58-59,[2] and are enumerated in the Script error: No such module "lang". (#154):[3]
- ati- "beyond"
- adhi- "over"
- apa- "away"
- api- "proximate"
- abhi- "to, towards"
- anu- "after"
- ava- "off, down"
- āṅ- "near"
- ut-/ud- "up(wards)"
- upa- "towards, near"
- dus-/dur- "bad, difficult, hard"
- ni- "down"
- nis-/nir- "away"
- parā- "away"
- pari- "round, around"
- pra- "forth"
- prati- "against"
- vi- "apart, asunder"
- sam-/saṃ- "with"
- su- "good, excellent"
By the usual rules of euphonic combination the two prepositions ending in visarga, Script error: No such module "lang". and Script error: No such module "lang"., have the alternative forms nis-/nir- and dus-/dur- respectively. The Script error: No such module "lang". listing has these variants, not the forms in pausa, and thus has twenty-two items in all.
A versified form of this list may be found in modern primers or textbooks: Template:Quotation
Notes
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
References
- Monier-Williams, M., A Sanskrit English Dictionary, (reprint) New Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass 2005 Template:ISBN
- Katre, Sumitra M., Script error: No such module "lang". of Pānini, New Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass 1989