2005 Tour de France

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The 2005 Tour de France was the 92nd edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 2–24 July, with 21 stages covering a distance Script error: No such module "convert".. It has no overall winner—although American cyclist Lance Armstrong originally won the event, the United States Anti-Doping Agency announced on 24 August 2012 that they had disqualified Armstrong from all his results since 1 August 1998, including his seven Tour de France wins from 1999 to 2005. The verdict was subsequently confirmed by the UCI.

The first stages were held in the département of the Vendée, for the third time in 12 years. The 2005 Tour was announced on 28 October 2004. It was a clockwise route, visiting the Alps before the Pyrenees. Armstrong took the top step on the podium, for what was then the seventh consecutive time. He was accompanied on the podium by Ivan Basso and Jan Ullrich, but in 2012 Ullrich's results were annulled.[1] The points classification was won by Thor Hushovd, and the mountains classification by Michael Rasmussen.

The race was seen by 15 million spectators along the road, and by 2 billion viewers on TV.[2]

Teams

Script error: No such module "Main list". In 2005, the UCI had started the ProTour: 20 teams were given a ProTour licence, and were required to start in all ProTour races, which included the Tour de France. The Tour de France organisation was not happy with this rule, as they wanted to be able to decide which teams would join their race. While negotiations were still ongoing, it was decided to use the UCI rule for the 2005 Tour, so all 20 ProTour teams were automatically invited. The Tour organisation could invite one extra team with a wildcard, and used this to invite Template:Cycling data A2R.[3] All teams were composed of nine cyclists, so 189 riders in 21 teams commenced the 2005 Tour de France.[4] Of them, 155 riders finished.

The teams entering the race were:[5]

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Pre-race favourites

The main favourite was (then) six-time winner Armstrong (now stripped of all his victories). Armstrong had had doubts if he should start the 2005 Tour,[6] but decided in February 2005 that he would race. His main rival Ullrich was happy with this decision, as he thought it would be a better race with Armstrong present.[3]

In previous years, Ullrich never had the full support of his team to win the general classification, as his team was also aiming for stage victories. In 2005, Erik Zabel, who had won the points classification six times, was left out of the team, and Ullrich was supported by Klöden and Vinokourov, who both had already reached the podium on the Tour.[3]

On the day before the Tour started, Ullrich crashed into his team director's car, but was not seriously injured.[3]

Route and stages

The Tour commemorated the death of Fabio Casartelli. During the 15th stage the riders passed the Col de Portet d'Aspet, where Casartelli died exactly 10 years earlier, in the 1995 Tour de France.[7] The Tour also commemorated the first time there was an official mountain climb in the Tour, the Ballon d'Alsace.[8] During the 9th stage this mountain was passed again, exactly 100 years after the first ascent in the Tour.

The 2005 Tour de France was divided into 21 stages. These stages belong to different categories: 8 were flat stages, 5 were medium mountain stages, 5 were high mountain stages, 2 were individual time trials and 1 was a team time trial.[8] The distinction between flat stage, medium mountain stage and high mountain stage is important for the points classification. The highest point of elevation in the race was Script error: No such module "convert". at the summit of the Col du Galibier mountain pass on stage 11.[9] There were two rest days, in Grenoble and in Pau.Template:Sfn

The traditional prologue on the first day was replaced by an individual time trial of more than twice the length of a standard prologue.[7] This stage crossed from the mainland of France to the Île de Noirmoutier. The most famous route to this island is the Passage du Gois, a road that is under water at high tide. This road was included in the 1999 Tour. Several of the favourites crashed there that year, and ended that stage 7 minutes behind the peloton. This year they took the bridge to the island. Later in the race, there was one more time trial, on the penultimate day. Also, there were just three uphill finishes (Courchevel, Ax-3 Domaines and Pla d'Adet), a lower number than in previous years. The finish line of the last stage was, as has been since 1975, on the Champs-Élysées in Paris.

In the stages that were not time trials, there were intermediate sprints. Cyclist who crossed the intermediate sprints first received points for the points classification, and bonification seconds for the general classification. Until stage 8, there were three intermediate sprints, and from stage 9 on there were two.[10]

Stage characteristics and winners[11][12][13]
Stage Date Course Distance Type Winner
1 2 July Fromentine to Noirmoutier-en-l'Île Script error: No such module "convert". File:Time Trial.svg Individual time trial Template:Country flagbio
2 3 July Challans to Les Essarts Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage Template:Country flagbio
3 4 July La Châtaigneraie to Tours Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage Template:Country flagbio
4 5 July Tours to Blois Script error: No such module "convert". File:Time Trial.svg Team time trial  Template:Cycling data DSC
5 6 July Chambord to Montargis Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage Template:Country flagbio
6 7 July Troyes to Nancy Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage Template:Country flagbio
7 8 July Lunéville to Karlsruhe (Germany) Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage Template:Country flagbio
8 9 July Pforzheim (Germany) to Gérardmer Script error: No such module "convert". File:Mediummountainstage.svg Hilly stage Template:Country flagbio
9 10 July Gérardmer to Mulhouse Script error: No such module "convert". File:Mediummountainstage.svg Hilly stage Template:Country flagbio
11 July Grenoble Rest day
10 12 July Grenoble to Courchevel Script error: No such module "convert". File:Mountainstage.svg Mountain stage Template:Country flagbio
11 13 July Courchevel to Briançon Script error: No such module "convert". File:Mountainstage.svg Mountain stage Template:Country flagbio
12 14 July Briançon to Digne-les-Bains Script error: No such module "convert". File:Mediummountainstage.svg Hilly stage Template:Country flagbio
13 15 July Miramas to Montpellier Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage Template:Country flagbio
14 16 July Agde to Ax 3 Domaines Script error: No such module "convert". File:Mountainstage.svg Mountain stage Template:Country flagbio
15 17 July Lézat-sur-Lèze to Saint-Lary-Soulan Pla d'Adet Script error: No such module "convert". File:Mountainstage.svg Mountain stage Template:Country flagbio
18 July Pau Rest day
16 19 July Mourenx to Pau Script error: No such module "convert". File:Mountainstage.svg Mountain stage Template:Country flagbio
17 20 July Pau to Revel Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage Template:Country flagbio
18 21 July Albi to Mende Script error: No such module "convert". File:Mediummountainstage.svg Hilly stage Template:Country flagbio
19 22 July Issoire to Le Puy-en-Velay Script error: No such module "convert". File:Mediummountainstage.svg Hilly stage Template:Country flagbio
20 23 July Saint-Étienne to Saint-Étienne Script error: No such module "convert". File:Time Trial.svg Individual time trial Template:Country flagbioTemplate:Efn
21 24 July Corbeil-Essonnes to Paris (Champs-Élysées) Script error: No such module "convert". File:Plainstage.svg Plain stage Template:Country flagbio
Total Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Sfn

Race overview

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File:Tour de france 2005 15th stage mt 01.jpg
Lance Armstrong in the race leader's yellow jersery accompanied by his teammates of Template:Cycling data DSC

In Stage 1, David Zabriskie, a former teammate of Lance Armstrong, beat Armstrong by two seconds.[12] In the team time trial of stage 4, Zabriskie fell in the last kilometres, and Armstrong took over the lead.[12]

Armstrong initially refused to wear the yellow jersey in the fifth stageTemplate:Efn but was forced by the Tour organisation, who threatened to remove him from the race.[3]

In the tenth stage, the start was moved from Grenoble to Froges.Template:Sfn

Before the 20th stage, an individual time trial, Michael Rasmussen occupied the third place in the general classification. During that stage, Rasmussen fell multiple times and changed bicycles multiple times, and lost so much time that he ended up at the seventh place in the general classification.[12] All total throughout the stage he changed bikes twice, changed wheels twice, began to hesitate going through corners and went off the road. His final time during this ITT was still better than half the field.[12]

The race jury invoked the 'rain rule'[14] for the Champs-Élysées, meaning that Lance Armstrong became the winner of the General classification the first time the race passed the finish line, rather than the eighth time as normal. The time bonification for the winner of the stage was still given, and Alexander Vinokourov profited from this as he won the stage after an escape in the last kilometre (the first time since 1994 that the final stage did not end in a sprint[12]), and passed Levi Leipheimer in the general classification to end fifth.[15]

During the final ceremonies in Paris, Armstrong was allowed to talk to the crowds, the first time in the Tour's history that a winner was given this chance.Template:Sfn It has since become a regular occurrence.

Doping

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During the race, 143 urine tests and 21 blood tests were conducted. None of them returned positive.Template:Sfn Still, there were fears that banned substances were being used; the boss of the Template:Cycling data AMO team (not racing in the 2005 Tour) questioned the increase in velocities.[16]

In 2010, Hans Michael Holczer, the team boss of Gerolsteiner in 2005, said that the UCI had informed him that Leipheimer had shown blood values just under the doping limit, and that Holczer suspected that Leipheimer was doping. The UCI advised Gerolsteiner to find a reason to remove Leipheimer from the race, but Holczer refused, because his team was still facing bad publicity from a previous doping case.[17]

The top five of the general classification of 2005 would not compete the 2006 edition. Armstrong had retired after the 2005 Tour, and a few days before the 2006 edition, after it became public that (among others) Basso, Ullrich and Mancebo were under investigation in the Operacion Puerto doping case, the Tour organisation and team leaders decided to exclude all cyclists under investigation from joining the Tour. Vinokourov, fifth-placed in 2005, was not under investigation, but his team was reduced to five cyclists, below the minimal required amount of six, so he could also not compete.[18]

In February 2012, the Court of Arbitration for Sport found Ullrich guilty of being engaged in Fuentes' doping program, and decided that Ullrich's results since May 2005, including his results from the 2005 Tour de France, would be disqualified.[1]

Subsequent to Armstrong's statement to withdraw his fight against United States Anti-Doping Agency's (USADA) charges, on 24 August 2012, the USADA said it would ban Armstrong for life and stripped him of his record seven Tour de France titles.[19][20] Later that day it was confirmed in a USADA statement that Armstrong was banned for life and would be disqualified from any and all competitive results obtained on and subsequent to 1 August 1998, including forfeiture of any medals, titles, winnings, finishes, points and prizes.[21] On 22 October 2012, the Union Cycliste Internationale endorsed the USADA sanctions, and decided not to award victories to any other rider or upgrade other placings in any of the affected events.[22]

Michael Rasmussen, winner of the mountains classification, revealed in 2013 that in a doping test his value of immature red blood cells was below the minimum threshold, but that the UCI allowed him to continue in the race because they did not want an incident.[23]

Classification leadership and minor prizes

There were four main individual classifications contested in the 2005 Tour de France, as well as a team competition. The most important was the general classification, which was calculated by adding each rider's finishing times on each stage,Template:Sfn with time bonuses given at the end of each mass start stage.Template:Sfn If a crash had happened within the final Script error: No such module "convert". of a stage, not including time trials and summit finishes, the riders involved would have received the same time as the group they were in when the crash occurred.Template:Sfn The rider with the lowest cumulative time was the winner of the general classification and was considered the overall winner of the Tour.Template:Sfn The rider leading the classification wore a yellow jersey.Template:Sfn

The second classification was the points classification. Riders received points for finishing in the highest positions in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints during the stage. The points available for each stage finish were determined by the stage's type.Template:Sfn The leader was identified by a green jersey.Template:Sfn

The third classification was the mountains classification. Most stages of the race included one or more categorised climbs, in which points were awarded to the riders that reached the summit first. The climbs were categorised as fourth-, third-, second- or first-category, or hors catégorie for the most difficult climbs.Template:Sfn The leader wore a white jersey with red polka dots.Template:Sfn

The final individual classification was the young rider classification. This was calculated the same way as the general classification, but the classification was restricted to riders who were born on or after 1 January 1980.Template:Sfn The leader wore a white jersey.Template:Sfn

The final classification was a team classification. This was calculated using the finishing times of the best three riders per team on each stage; the leading team was the team with the lowest cumulative time. The number of stage victories and placings per team determined the outcome of a tie.Template:Sfn

In addition, there was a combativity award given after each mass start stage to the rider considered, by a jury, to have "made the greatest effort and who has demonstrated the best qualities of sportsmanship".Template:Sfn The winner wore a red number bib the following stage.Template:Sfn At the conclusion of the Tour, Óscar Pereiro (Template:Cycling data PHO) was given the overall super-combativity award.[24] The Souvenir Henri Desgrange given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Galibier on stage 11. This prize was won by Alexander Vinokourov.[25]

Classification leadership by stage[26][27]
Stage Winner General classification
Yellow jersey 		Points classification
Green jersey 		Mountains classification
Polkadot jersey 		Young rider classification
White jersey 		Team classification Combativity award
A white jersey with a red number bib.
1 David Zabriskie David Zabriskie David Zabriskie no award Fabian Cancellara Template:Cycling data SAX no award
2 Tom Boonen Tom Boonen Thomas Voeckler Sylvain Calzati
3 Tom Boonen Erik Dekker Yaroslav Popovych Erik Dekker
4 Template:Cycling data DSC Lance ArmstrongTemplate:Efn no award
5 Robbie McEwen Juan Antonio Flecha
6 Lorenzo Bernucci Karsten Kroon Christophe Mengin
7 Robbie McEwen Fabian Wegmann Fabian Wegmann
8 Pieter Weening Michael Rasmussen Vladimir Karpets Pieter Weening
9 Michael Rasmussen Jens Voigt Michael Rasmussen
10 Alejandro Valverde Lance ArmstrongTemplate:Efn Alejandro Valverde Laurent Brochard
11 Alexander Vinokourov Alexander Vinokourov
12 David Moncoutié Thor Hushovd David Moncoutié
13 Robbie McEwen Yaroslav Popovych Carlos Da Cruz
14 Georg Totschnig Template:Cycling data THR Georg Totschnig
15 George Hincapie Óscar Pereiro
16 Óscar Pereiro Óscar Pereiro
17 Paolo Savoldelli Template:Cycling data DSC Sébastien Hinault
18 Marcos Serrano Template:Cycling data THR Carlos Da Cruz
19 Giuseppe Guerini Sandy Casar
20 Lance ArmstrongTemplate:Efn no award
21 Alexander Vinokourov Philippe Gilbert
Final Lance ArmstrongTemplate:Efn Thor Hushovd Michael Rasmussen Yaroslav Popovych Template:Cycling data THR Óscar Pereiro

Final standings

Legend
Green jersey Denotes the leader of the points classificationTemplate:Sfn Polka dot jersey Denotes the leader of the mountains classificationTemplate:Sfn
White jersey Denotes the leader of the young rider classificationTemplate:Sfn A white jersey with a red number bib. Denotes the winner of the super-combativity awardTemplate:Sfn

General classification

Final general classification (1–10)[28]
Rank Rider Team Time
DSQ Template:Country flagbioTemplate:Efn Template:Cycling data DSC 86h 15' 02"
2 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data CSC + 4' 40"
DSQ Template:Country flagbioTemplate:Efn Template:Cycling data TMO +6' 21"
4 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data MOV + 9' 59"
5 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data TMO + 11' 01"
DSQ Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data GST +11' 21"
7 Template:Country flagbio Polkadot jersey Template:Cycling data RAB + 11' 33"
8 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data DVL + 11' 55"
9 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data PHO + 12' 44"
10 Template:Country flagbio A white jersey with a red number bib. Template:Cycling data PHO + 16' 04"

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Points classification

Final points classification (1–10)[29]
Rank Rider Team Points
1 Template:Country flagbio Green jersey Template:Cycling data C.A 194
2 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data COF 182
3 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data LOT 178
4 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data TMO 158
5 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data ONC 130
6 Template:Country flagbio A white jersey with a red number bib. Template:Cycling data PHO 118
7 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data GST 101
DSQ Template:Country flagbioTemplate:Efn Template:Cycling data DSC 93
9 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data FDJ 91
10 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data FDJ 88
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Mountains classification

Final mountains classification (1–10)[30]
Rank Rider Team Points
1 Template:Country flagbio Polkadot jersey Template:Cycling data RAB 185
2 Template:Country flagbio A white jersey with a red number bib. Template:Cycling data PHO 155
DSQ Template:Country flagbioTemplate:Efn Template:Cycling data DSC 99
4 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data C.A 93
DSQ Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data RAB 90
6 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data PHO 88
7 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data TMO 75
8 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data BBO 75
DSQ Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data DSC 74
10 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data C.A 73

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Young rider classification

Final young rider classification (1–10)[31]
Rank Rider Team Time
1 Template:Country flagbio White jersey Template:Cycling data DSC 86h 34' 04"
2 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data C.A + 9' 02"
3 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data ONC + 44' 23"
4 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data DVE + 59' 42"
5 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data EUC + 1h 12' 36"
6 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data MOV + 1h 24' 43"
7 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data MOV + 1h 35' 10"
8 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data QST + 1h 48' 46"
9 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data FDJ + 1h 48' 46"
10 Template:Country flagbio Template:Cycling data FDJ + 2h 04' 58"
<templatestyles src = "Column/styles.css" />

Team classification

Final team classification (1–10)[32]
Rank Team Time
1 Template:Cycling data TMO 256h 10' 29"
2 Template:Cycling data DSC + 14' 57"
3 Template:Cycling data CSC + 25' 15"
4 Template:Cycling data MOV + 55' 24"
5 Template:Cycling data C.A + 1h 06' 09"
6 Template:Cycling data PHO + 1h 09' 20"
7 Template:Cycling data ONC + 1h 47' 56"
8 Template:Cycling data RAB + 2h 26' 30"
9 Template:Cycling data FAS + 2h 48' 58"
10 Template:Cycling data ALM + 2h 52' 04"

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

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Bibliography

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Further reading

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External links

Template:Sister project

Template:UCI ProTour2005 Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Cycling stage recaps Script error: No such module "Navbox with collapsible groups". Template:Authority control

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