Gugu Thaypan language
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Kuku-Thaypan is an extinct Paman language spoken on the southwestern part of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland in Australia, by the Kuku-Thaypan people. The language was sometimes called Alaya or Awu Alaya.[2] Koko-Rarmul may have been a dialect,[3] though Bowern (2012) lists Gugu-Rarmul and Kuku-Thaypan as separate languages.[4] The last native speaker, Tommy George, died on 29 July 2016 in Cooktown Hospital.[5]
Phonology
Vowels
Kuku-Thaypan has six vowels and two marginal vowels possibly only in loan words.[6]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink |
| Mid | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | |
| (Template:IPAlink) | |||
| Open | (Template:IPAlink) | Template:IPAlink |
- Sounds /æ/ and /ɔ/ are only marginal, as phonemes.
- /e/ is heard as Template:IPAblink when after palatals and /j/.
Consonants
Kuku-Thaypan has 23 consonants.[6]
| Peripheral | Laminal | Apical | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labial | Velar | Dental | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex | ||
| Plosive | voicelessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | |
| prenasalScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | ||
| Fricative | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | ||||
| Nasal | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | ||
| Rhotic | Template:IPAlink | ||||||
| Lateral | Template:IPAlink | ||||||
| Approximant | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | Template:IPAlink | ||||
- /r/ may be heard as a voiceless trill Template:IPAblink when in initial position.
- /r/ may freely be heard as a tap Template:IPAblink or trill Template:IPAblink.
References
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- ↑ A "legend", Indigenous Australian Leader, Knowledge Holder Tommy George Passes On.
- ↑ Jean-Christophe Verstraete, Diane Hafner, Land and Language in Cape York Peninsula and the Gulf Country (Template:ISBN, 2016)
- ↑ RMW Dixon (2002), Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development, p xxxii
- ↑ Bowern, Claire. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?", Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web, December 23, 2011 (corrected February 6, 2012)
- ↑ A "legend", Indigenous Australian Leader, Knowledge Holder Tommy George Passes On.
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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External links
- Bibliography of Kuku Thaypan people and language resources Template:Webarchive, at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies