Tennessee's 1st congressional district
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Tennessee's 1st congressional district is the congressional district for northeast Tennessee, including all of Carter, Cocke, Greene, Hamblen, Hancock, Hawkins, Johnson, Sullivan, Unicoi, Washington, and Sevier counties, as well as parts of Jefferson County. It is largely coextensive with the Tennessee portion of the Tri-Cities region of northeast Tennessee and southwest Virginia. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+29, it is the most Republican district in Tennessee and the third most Republican in the country.[1]
Cities and towns represented within the district include Blountville, Bristol, Church Hill, Elizabethton, Erwin, Gatlinburg, Greeneville, Johnson City, Jonesborough, Kingsport, Morristown, Mountain City, Newport, Pigeon Forge, Roan Mountain, Rogersville, Sneedville, Sevierville, and Tusculum. The 1st district's seat in the U.S. House of Representatives has been held by Republicans since 1881.
The district was created in 1805 when the Template:Ushr was divided into multiple districts.
The district's current representative is Republican Diana Harshbarger, who was first elected in 2020 following the retirement of Republican Phil Roe.[2]
Recent election results from statewide races
| Year | Office | Results[3] |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | President | align="right" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|McCain 70% - 29% |
| 2012 | President | align="right" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|Romney 74% - 26% |
| 2016 | President | align="right" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|Trump 76% - 20% |
| 2018 | Senate | align="right" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|Blackburn 71% - 28% |
| Governor | align="right" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|Lee 76% - 23% | |
| 2020 | President | align="right" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|Trump 76% - 22% |
| Senate | align="right" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|Hagerty 77% - 21% | |
| 2022 | Governor | align="right" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|Lee 78% - 20% |
| 2024 | President | align="right" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|Trump 78% - 21% |
| Senate | align="right" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|Blackburn 78% - 20% |
History
The 1st district has generally been a very secure voting district for the Republican Party since the American Civil War, and is one of only two ancestrally Republican districts in the state (the other being the neighboring 2nd district).
U.S. Representatives Andrew Jackson (1796–1797, at large) and Andrew Johnson (1843–1853, 1st) represented this area and later served as president of the United States.
Republicans (or their antecedents) have held the seat continuously since 1881 and for all but four years since 1859, while Democrats (or their antecedents) held the congressional seat for all but eight years from when Andrew Jackson was first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1796 (as the state's single at-large representative) up to the term of Albert Galiton Watkins, which ended in 1859.
Andrew Johnson, the seventeenth president of the United States, represented the district from 1843 to 1853.
Like the rest of East Tennessee, slavery was not as common in this area as in the rest of the state due to its mountain terrain, which was dominated by small farms instead of plantations.[4] The district was also the home of the first exclusively abolitionist periodicals in the nation, The Manumission Intelligencer and The Emancipator, founded in Jonesborough by Elihu Embree in 1819.[5]
The 1st district was one of four districts in Tennessee whose congressmen did not resign when Tennessee seceded from the Union in 1861. Thomas Amos Rogers Nelson was reelected as a Unionist to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but he was arrested by Confederate troops while en route to Washington, D.C. and taken to Richmond. Nelson was paroled and returned home to Jonesborough, where he kept a low profile for the length of his term.[6]
Due to these factors, this area — except for "Little Confederacy" Sullivan County, with its deep ties to neighboring Virginia — supported the Union over the Confederacy in the Civil War, and identified with the Republican Party after Tennessee was readmitted to the Union in 1866, electing candidates representing the Union Party — a merger of Republicans and pro-Union Democrats — both before and after the war. This allegiance has continued through good times and bad ever since, with Republicans dominating every level of government. While a few Democratic pockets exist in the district's urban areas, they are not enough to sway the district. Since 1898, Democrats have only crossed the 40 percent barrier twice, in 1962 and 1976.
The district's Republican bent is no less pronounced at the presidential level. It was one of the few areas of Tennessee where Barry Goldwater did well in 1964. Johnson, Carter, Unicoi, Washington, Cocke, Sevier, and Hancock Counties are among the few counties in the country to have never supported a Democrat for president since the Civil War. Franklin D. Roosevelt turned in respectable showings in the district during his four runs for president, as did Jimmy Carter in 1976. However, Carter is the last Democrat to carry any county in the district, and apart from Sullivan County, which, except in the Catholicism-dominated 1928 election, was consistently Democratic up to 1948, and Hamblen County in the 1976 election, no county in the present district has backed a Democrat for president since 1940.
The district typically gives its congressmen very long tenures in Washington; indeed, it elected some of the few truly senior Southern Republican congressmen before the 1950s. Only nine people have represented it since 1921. Two of them, B. Carroll Reece and Jimmy Quillen, are the longest-serving members of the House in Tennessee history. Reece held the seat for all but six years from 1921 to 1961, while Quillen held it from 1963 to 1997.
Composition
For the 118th and successive Congresses (based on redistricting following the 2020 census), the district contains all or portions of the following counties and communities:[7]
Carter County (8)
- All 8 communities
Cocke County (3)
- All 3 communities
Greene County (5)
- All 5 communities
Hamblen County (3)
- All 3 communities
Hancock County (1)
Hawkins County (8)
- All 8 communities
Jefferson County (6)
- Baneberry, Dandridge, Jefferson City, Morristown (shared with Hamblen County), New Market, White Pine
Johnson County (2)
Sevier County (6)
- All 6 communities
Sullivan County (11)
- All 11 communities
Unicoi County (3)
- All 3 communities
- All 9 communities
List of members representing the district
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Recent election results
2012
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Phil Roe (Incumbent) | Script error: No such module "string". | 76 | ||
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Alan Woodruff | Script error: No such module "string". | 19.9 | ||
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Robert N. Smith | Script error: No such module "string". | 1.2 | ||
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Karen Brackett | Script error: No such module "string". | 2 | ||
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Michael Salyer | Script error: No such module "string". | 0.9 | ||
| Total votes | Script error: No such module "string". | 100 | |||
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2014
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Phil Roe (incumbent) | Script error: No such module "string". | 82.8 | |
| Independent | Robert D. Franklin | Script error: No such module "string". | 7.1 | |
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Robert N. Smith | Script error: No such module "string". | 7.1 | |
| Independent | Michael D. Salyer | Script error: No such module "string". | 3.0 | |
| Independent | Scott Kudialis (write-in) | Script error: No such module "string". | 0.0 | |
| Total votes | Script error: No such module "string". | 100.0 | ||
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2016
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Phil Roe (incumbent) | Script error: No such module "string". | 78.4 | |
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Alan Bohms | Script error: No such module "string". | 15.4 | |
| Independent | Robert Franklin | Script error: No such module "string". | 6.2 | |
| Independent | Paul Krane (write-in) | Script error: No such module "string". | 0.0 | |
| Total votes | Script error: No such module "string". | 100.0 | ||
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2018
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Phil Roe (incumbent) | Script error: No such module "string". | 77.1 | |
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Marty Olsen | Script error: No such module "string". | 21.0 | |
| Independent | Michael Salyer | Script error: No such module "string". | 1.9 | |
| Total votes | Script error: No such module "string". | 100.0 | ||
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2020
Template:Election box write-in with party link no change| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Diana Harshbarger | Script error: No such module "string". | 74.7 | |
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Blair Walsingham | Script error: No such module "string". | 22.5 | |
| Independent | Steve Holder | Script error: No such module "string". | 2.8 | |
| Total votes | Script error: No such module "string". | 100.0 | ||
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2022
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Diana Harshbarger (incumbent) | Script error: No such module "string". | 78.3 | |
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Cameron Parsons | Script error: No such module "string". | 19.7 | |
| Independent | Richard Baker | Script error: No such module "string". | 1.3 | |
| Independent | Matt Makrom | Script error: No such module "string". | 0.7 | |
| Total votes | Script error: No such module "string". | 100.0 | ||
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2024
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Diana Harshbarger (incumbent) | Script error: No such module "string". | 78.08% | |
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Kevin Jenkins | Script error: No such module "string". | 19.39% | |
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Richard Baker | Script error: No such module "string". | 1.73% | |
| Script error: No such module "Political party". | Levi Brake | Script error: No such module "string". | 0.80% | |
| Total votes | Script error: No such module "string". | 100.00% | ||
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See also
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Sources
References
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- ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
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- ↑ https://davesredistricting.org/maps#viewmap::9185d1ce-1556-46ab-9628-6749769d0262
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- ↑ https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/cong_dist/cd118/cd_based/ST47/CD118_TN01.pdf
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- Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
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