List of weather records

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Template:Short description

Template:Use dmy dates Template:Mos

File:1951+ Percent of global area at temperature records - Seasonal comparison - NOAA.svg
In recent decades, new high temperature records have substantially outpaced new low temperature records on a growing portion of Earth's surface.[1] Comparison shows seasonal variability for record increases.

The list of weather records includes the most extreme occurrences of weather phenomena for various categories. Many weather records are measured under specific conditions—such as surface temperature and wind speed—to keep consistency among measurements around the Earth. Each of these records is understood to be the record value officially observed, as these records may have been exceeded before modern weather instrumentation was invented, or in remote areas without an official weather station. This list does not include remotely sensed observations such as satellite measurements, since those values are not considered official records.[2]

Temperature

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Measuring conditions

The standard measuring conditions for temperature are in the air, Template:Convert to Template:Convert above the ground,[3] and shielded from direct sunlight intensity (hence the term x degrees "in the shade").[4] The following lists include all officially confirmed claims measured by those methods.

Temperatures measured directly on the ground may exceed air temperatures by Template:Convert.[4] Script error: No such module "anchor".The highest natural ground surface temperature ever recorded may have been an alleged reading of Template:Convert at Furnace Creek, California, United States, on 15 July 1972.[5] In 2011, a ground temperature of Template:Convert was recorded in Port Sudan, Sudan.[6] The theoretical maximum possible ground surface temperature has been estimated to be between Template:Convert for dry, darkish soils of low thermal conductivity.[7]

Satellite measurements of ground temperature taken between 2003 and 2009, taken with the MODIS infrared spectroradiometer on the Aqua satellite, found a maximum temperature of Template:Convert, which was recorded in 2005 in the Lut Desert, Iran. The Lut Desert was also found to have the highest maximum temperature in five of the seven years measured (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2009). These measurements reflect averages over a large region and so are lower than the maximum point surface temperature.[4]

Satellite measurements of the surface temperature of Antarctica, taken between 1982 and 2013, found a coldest temperature of Template:Convert on 10 August 2010, at Template:Coord. Although this is not comparable to an air temperature, it is believed that the air temperature at this location would have been lower than the official record lowest air temperature of Template:Convert.[8][9]

Hottest

Highest temperatures ever recorded

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

File:Koppen-Geiger Map B present.svg
A world map showing areas with Köppen B classification (dry climates). The temperatures of the hot variants (BWh, BSh) of these climates have the potential to exceed Template:Convert during the hottest seasons.

According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the highest temperature ever recorded was Template:Convert on 10 July 1913 in Furnace Creek (Greenland Ranch), California, United States,[10] but the validity of this record is challenged as possible problems with the reading have since been discovered. Christopher C. Burt, a weather historian writing for Weather Underground, believes that the 1913 Death Valley reading is "a myth", and is at least Template:Convert too high.[11] Burt proposes that the highest reliably recorded temperature on Earth could still be at Death Valley, but is instead Template:Convert recorded on 30 June 2013.[12] This is lower than a 1931 measurement of Template:Convert recorded in Kebili, Tunisia, but the WMS rejects this measurement as due to an inexperienced operator misreading the instrument.[13] Temperature of Template:Convert is also matched by a 1942 record from Tirat Zvi, Israel.[14] 2016 and 2017 readings in Kuwait and Iran have also matched the 2013 Death Valley record, while readings in 2020 and 2021 also at Furnace Creek went even higher, up to 54.4 °C (130 °F), however, they have not yet been validated by WMO.[15] The WMO has stated they stand by the 1913 record pending any future investigations.

The former highest official temperature on Earth, Template:Convert, measured in ʽAziziya, Libya on 13 September 1922, was reassessed in July 2012 by the WMO which published a report that invalidated the record.[13] There have been other unconfirmed reports of high temperatures, but these temperatures have never been officially validated by national weather services/WMO, and are currently considered to have been recorder's errors,[16] thus not being recognised as world records.[17]

Highest global average temperature

The warmest day on record for the entire planet was 22 July 2024 when the highest global average temperature was recorded at Template:Convert.[18] The previous record was Template:Convert set the day before on 21 July 2024.[18] The month of July 2023 was the hottest month on record globally.[19] September 2023 was the most anomalously warm month, averaging 1.75 °C (3.15 °F) above the preindustrial average for September.[20] The Copernicus Programme (begun 1940) had recorded 13 August 2016, as the hottest global temperature, but by July 2024, that date had been downgraded to the fourth hottest.[21]

Template:Sticky header

Country/Region Temperature Town/Location Date
Africa
Template:Country data Algeria style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Ouargla, Ouargla Province Template:Dts[22]
Template:Country data Botswana style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Maun Template:Dts[23][24]
Template:Country data Burkina Faso style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Dori Template:Dts[25]
Template:Country data Chad style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Faya-Largeau Template:Dts[26]
Template:Country data Comoros style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Hahaya International Airport Template:Dts[27]
Template:Country data Egypt style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Aswan and
Asyut 		Template:Dts
Template:Dts
Template:Dts[28][29]Template:Better
Template:Country data Eswatini style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Lavumisa ?[30]
Template:Country data Ethiopia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Dallol, Afar Template:Dts[31]
Template:Country data Gambia style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Jenoi Template:Dts[32]
Template:Country data Ghana style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Navrongo Template:Dts[27]
Template:Country data Guinea style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Koundara, Boké Region Template:Dts[33]
Template:Country data Ivory Coast style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Odienne Template:Dts[34]
Template:Country data Madagascar style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Ejeda, Atsimo-Andrefana ?[35]
Template:Country data Mali style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Kayes Template:Dts[27]
Template:Country data Morocco style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Agadir (Inezgane Airport) Template:Dts[36]
Template:Country data Niger style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Diffa Template:Dts[37]
Template:Country data Nigeria style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Yola Template:DtsScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
Template:Country data Republic of the Congo style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Impfondo Template:Dts[27]
Template:Country data Réunion style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Le Port Template:Dts[38]
Template:Country data South Africa (then the Template:Country data Union of South Africa) style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Dunbrody, Eastern Cape Template:Dts[39]Template:Refn
Template:Country data Sudan style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Dongola Template:Dts[26]
Template:Country data Togo style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Mango Template:Dts[27]
Template:Country data Tunisia style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Kairouan Template:Dts[40]Template:Refn
Template:Country data Zambia style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Mfuwe, Eastern Province Template:Dts[26]
Antarctica
Template:Country data Antarctica style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Signy Research Station, Signy Island Template:Dts[41]
Asia
Template:Country data Abkhazia style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Sukhumi ?
Template:Country data Afghanistan (then, Template:Country data Islamic Republic of Afghanistan) style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Farah Template:Dts[42]
Template:Country data Bangladesh style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Rajshahi Template:Dts[43]
Template:Country data Bhutan style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Phuentsholing Template:Dts[44]
Template:Country data Cambodia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Preah Vihear and Svay Leu District Template:Dts[27]
Template:Country data China style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Sanbu Township, Turpan, Xinjiang Template:Dts[45]
Template:Country data Hong Kong style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Sheung Shui Template:Dts[46]
Template:Country data India style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Phalodi, Rajasthan Template:Dts[47][48]
Template:Country data Indonesia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan Template:Dts[49][50]
Template:Country data Iran style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Ahvaz Airport (OIAW) Template:Dts[51]
Template:Country data Iraq style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Basra Template:Dts[52][53]
Template:Country data Israel style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Sedom Template:Dts[54]
Template:Country data Japan style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Kumagaya, Saitama
Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 		Template:Dts[55][56]
Template:Dts[56]
Template:Country data Jordan style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Jordan University Agriculture Research Center Template:Dts[57]
Template:Country data Kazakhstan style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Turkistan Template:Dts[58]
Template:Country data Kuwait style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Mitribah, Al Jahra Governorate Template:Dts[59]Template:Refn
Template:Country data Kyrgyzstan style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Jangy-Jer Template:Dts[60]
Template:Country data Laos style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Tha Ngon Template:Dts[27]
Template:Country data Lebanon style="Template:Weather box/colt"|

Template:Convert

Houche Al Oumara Template:Dts[61]
Template:Country data Macau style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Coloane Template:Dts[33]
Template:Country data Malaysia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Chuping Template:Dts[62]
Template:Country data Maldives style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Hanimaadhoo Template:Dts
Template:Country data Mongolia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Khongor, Darkhan-Uul Province Template:Dts[63]
Template:Country data Myanmar style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Myinmu Template:Dts[64][65]
Template:Country data Nepal style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Ataria Template:Dts[66]
Template:Country data North Korea style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Hoeryong Template:Dts
Template:Country data Oman style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Joba Template:Dts[67]
Template:Country data Pakistan style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Turbat Template:Dts[68]
Template:Country data Philippines (first recorded under the Template:Flagicon Insular Government) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Tuguegarao, Cagayan Valley Template:Dts
11 May 1969[69]
Template:Country data Qatar style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Doha Template:Dts[26]
Template:Country data Russia (Asian part) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Bayevo, Altai Krai Template:Dts[70]
Template:Country data Saudi Arabia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Jeddah Template:Dts[71][26]
Template:Country data Singapore style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Tengah
Ang Mo Kio 		Template:Dts[72]
13 May 2023[73]
Template:Country data South Korea style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Hongcheon, Gangwon Province Template:Dts[74]
Template:Country data Sri Lanka style="Template:Weather box/colt" | Template:Convert Trincomalee Template:Dts[75]
Template:Dts[76]
Template:Country data Syria style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Al-Hasakah Template:Dts[77][78]
Template:Country data Taiwan style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Fuyuan Template:Dts[79]
Template:Country data Tajikistan style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Panji Poyon ?[80]
Template:Country data Thailand style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Tak Template:Dts[81]
Template:Country data Turkey style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Sarıcakaya, Eskişehir Province Template:Dts[82]
Template:Country data Turkmenistan (then the Template:Country data Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic, Template:Country data Soviet Union) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Repetek Biosphere State Reserve, Karakum Desert Template:Dts[83][84]
Template:Country data United Arab Emirates style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Sweihan, Al Ain Template:Dts[85][86]
Template:Country data Uzbekistan (then the Template:Country data Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, Template:Country data Soviet Union) style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Termez Template:Dts
Template:Country data Vietnam style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Tương Dương District,
Nghệ An Province 		Template:Dts[87]
Europe
Template:Country data Akrotiri and Dhekelia style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert RAF Akrotiri,
Dhekelia 		?[88][89]
Template:Country data Albania style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Kuçovë Template:Dts[90]
Template:Country data Andorra style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Borda Vidal Template:Dts[91]
Template:Country data Armenia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Meghri
Yerevan 		Template:Dts[92][93]
Template:Dts[94]
Template:Country data Austria style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Bad Deutsch-Altenburg Template:Dts[95]
Template:Country data Azerbaijan style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Julfa and Ordubad Template:Dts
Template:Country data Belarus style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Gomel Template:Dts[26]
Template:Country data Belgium style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Begijnendijk, Flemish BrabantTemplate:Refn Template:Dts[96]
Template:Country data Bosnia and Herzegovina
(then Template:Country data Austria–Hungary-occupied File:Flag of Independent Bosnia (1878).svg Bosnia Vilayet, Template:Country data Ottoman Empire) 		style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Mostar Template:Dts[97][98]
Template:Country data Bulgaria style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Sadovo, Plovdiv Province Template:Dts[99]
Template:Country data Croatia (then the Template:Country data SR Croatia, Template:Country data Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Ploče Template:Dts[100]
Template:Country data Cyprus style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Agios Vasileios Template:Dts
Template:Country data Czech Republic style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Dobřichovice, Prague-West District Template:Dts[101]
Template:Country data Denmark style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Holstebro, Midtjylland Template:Dts[102]
Template:Country data Estonia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Võru Template:Dts[103]
Template:Country data Finland style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Joensuu Airport, Liperi Template:Dts[104][26]
Template:Country data France style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Vérargues, Hérault Template:Dts[98]
Template:Country data Germany style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Lingen, Lower SaxonyTemplate:Refn Template:Dts[105]
Template:Country data Greece style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Elefsina, Attica Template:Dts[106]
Template:Country data Hungary style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Kiskunhalas Template:Dts[107]
Template:Country data Iceland (then the Template:Country data Kingdom of Iceland) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Teigarhorn, Djúpivogur Template:Dts[108][109]
Template:Country data Ireland (then part of the Template:Country data United Kingdom) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Kilkenny Castle, County Kilkenny Template:Dts[110]
Template:Country data Isle of Man style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Isle of Man Airport Template:Dts
Template:Country data Italy style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Floridia, Sicily Template:Dts[111]
Template:Country data Latvia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Ventspils Template:Dts[112][113]
Template:Country data Liechtenstein style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Ruggell Template:Dts[114][115]
Template:Country data Lithuania style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Zarasai, Utena County Template:Dts[116]
Template:Country data Luxembourg style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Steinsel, Luxembourg and Remich, RemichTemplate:Refn Template:Dts[117][118]
Template:Country data Malta style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Malta International Airport Template:Dts[119][120]
Template:Country data Moldova style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Fălești Template:Dts[121]
Template:Country data Monaco style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Monaco Template:Dts[79]
Template:Country data Montenegro style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Podgorica
Danilovgrad 		Template:Dts
8 August 2012[122]
Template:Country data Netherlands style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Gilze en Rijen, North BrabantTemplate:RefnTemplate:Refn Template:Dts[123]
Template:Country data North Macedonia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Demir Kapija, Demir Kapija Template:Dts[124]
Template:Country data Norway style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Nesbyen, Buskerud Template:Dts[125]
Template:Country data Poland style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert PrószkówTemplate:Refn Template:Dts[126]
Template:Country data Portugal style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Amareleja, Beja Template:Dts[127]
Template:Country data Romania style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Ion Sion, Brăila County Template:Dts[128]
Template:Country data Russia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Utta, Kalmykia Template:Dts[129]
Template:Country data San Marino style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Serravalle Template:Dts
Template:Dts[33]
Template:Country data Serbia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Smederevska Palanka, Podunavlje Template:Dts[130]
Template:Country data Slovakia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Hurbanovo Template:Dts[131]
Template:Country data Slovenia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Cerklje ob Krki Template:Dts[132]
Template:Country data Spain style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert La Rambla, Cordoba (as La Rambla Privilegio) Template:Dts[133]
Template:Country data Svalbard style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Longyearbyen Template:Dts
Template:Country data Sweden style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Ultuna, Uppsala County
Målilla, Kalmar County 		Template:Dts
29 June 1947[134]
Template:Country data Switzerland style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Grono, Moesa District Template:Dts[135]
Template:Country data Ukraine style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Luhansk Template:Dts[136][26]
Template:Country data United Kingdom style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Coningsby, Lincolnshire Template:Dts[137]
Template:Country data Vatican City style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Vatican City Template:Dts[79]
North America
Template:Country data Anguilla style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert The Valley Template:Dts[138]
Template:Country data Antigua and Barbuda style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert V. C. Bird International Airport, St. John's Template:Dts[139][140]
Template:Country data Barbados style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Saint James, Barbados Template:Dts[141]
Template:Country data Belize style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Barton Creek Template:Dts[27]
Template:Country data British Virgin Islands style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Terrance B. Lettsome International Airport Template:Dts[142]
Template:Country data Canada style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Lytton, British Columbia Template:Dts[143][144][145][146][147]
Template:Country data Cayman Islands style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Owen Roberts International Airport, Grand Cayman Template:Dts[148]
Template:Country data Costa Rica style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Cerro Huacalito, Guanacaste Province Template:Dts[27]
Template:Country data Cuba style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Veguitas (Granma Province) Template:Dts[149]
Template:Country data Dominica style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Canefield Airport Template:Dts[150]
Template:Country data Dominican Republic style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Mao Template:Dts[151]
Template:Country data Greenland style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Ivittuut Template:Dts[152][153][154]
Template:Country data Guatemala style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Estanzuela, Zacapa Template:Dts[155][156]
Template:Country data Martinique style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Saint-Pierre Template:Dts[157]
Template:Country data Mexico style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora Template:Dts[158]
Template:Country data Nicaragua style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Managua Template:Dts
Template:Country data Panama style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert San Francisco Template:Dts[159]
Template:Country data Puerto Rico style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Mona Island Template:Dts[160]
Template:Country data United States style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Furnace Creek, Death Valley, California Template:Dts[11][161][12]
Template:Country data United States Virgin Islands style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Saint Thomas
Cruz Bay 		Template:Dts and 23 June 1996[160]
31 July 1988[160]
Oceania
Template:Country data Australia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Oodnadatta, South Australia
Onslow, Western Australia 		Template:Dts[162][163][164]
Template:Dts[165][166][167]
Template:Country data Cocos (Keeling) Islands style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Cocos (Keeling) Islands Template:Dts[168]
Template:Country data Marshall Islands style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Utirik Atoll Template:Dts[142]
Template:Country data New Zealand style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Rangiora, Canterbury Template:Dts[169]
Template:Country data Palau style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Roman Tmetuchl International Airport Template:Dts[27]
Template:Country data Samoa style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Asau Template:Dts[170]
Template:Country data Solomon Islands style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Honiara, Guadalcanal Province Template:Dts[26]
Template:Country data Tonga style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Niuafoou Template:Dts[142]
Template:Country data Vanuatu style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Lamap Malekula Template:Dts[142]
Template:Country data Wallis and Futuna style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Futuna Airport Template:Dts[142]
South America
Template:Country data Argentina style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Rivadavia, Salta ProvinceTemplate:Refn Template:Dts[171][172][173]
Template:Country data Bolivia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Villamontes, Tarija Department Template:Dts[26]Template:Refn
Template:Country data Brazil style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Araçuaí, Minas Gerais Template:Dts[174]
Template:Country data Chile style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Quillón, Biobio RegionTemplate:Refn Template:Dts[175][176]
Template:Country data Colombia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Puerto Salgar, Cundinamarca Template:Dts[177]
Template:Country data French Guiana style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Grand-Santi Template:Dts
Template:Country data Guyana style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Ebini Template:Dts[178]
Template:Country data Paraguay style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Mariscal Estigarribia, Boquerón Template:Dts[179]
Template:Country data Peru style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Iñapari Template:Dts[180]
Template:Country data Uruguay style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Paysandú, Paysandú Department
Florida, Florida Department 		Template:Dts[181][182]
Template:Dts[183]
Template:Country data Venezuela style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Santa Ana de Coro, Falcón Template:Dts[138]

Other high-temperature records

Country/Region Temperature Town/Location Date Record Info
Template:Country data Australia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Marble Bar, Western Australia Template:Dts to Template:Dts (160 days) Most consecutive days above 37.8 °C (100 °F)[184] -
Template:Country data Iran style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Lut Desert Template:Dts Highest natural ground surface temperature[185][186] -
Template:Country data USA (Template:Country data California) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Death Valley Template:Dts to Template:Dts (40 days) Most consecutive days above 48.9 °C (120 °F)[187] -
Template:Country data USA (Template:Country data California) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Imperial, California Template:Dts Highest temperature during rain[188] -
Template:Country data Oman style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Khasab weather station Template:Dts Highest overnight low temperature[189]Template:Refn -
Template:Country data Oman style="Template:Weather box/colt" | Template:Convert Qurayyat, Muscat Governorate Template:Dts Highest minimum temperature for a 24-hour period and for a calendar day[190] -
Template:Country data USA (Template:Country data California) style="Template:Weather box/colt" | Template:Convert Death Valley Template:Dts Highest average monthly temperature[191][192] -
Template:Country data Russia style="Template:Weather box/colt" | Template:Convert Verkhoyansk, Sakha Republic Template:Dts Highest temperature north of the Arctic Circle[193][194][195][196] -
Template:Country data Canada style="Template:Weather box/colt" | Template:Convert Lytton, British Columbia Template:Dts Highest temperature ever recorded north of the 50th parallel north[145][146][147] -

Humidity

Coldest

Lowest temperatures recorded

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The lowest temperature recorded is Template:Convert, in Vostok Station, Antarctica on 21 July 1983.

Template:Sticky header

Table of values
Country/Region Temperature Town/Location Date
Africa
Template:Country data Algeria style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Mécheria Template:Dts[199]
Template:Country data Burkina Faso style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Markoye Template:Dts[25]
Template:Country data Egypt style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Gabal Katrina at elevation of 2,629 m
While −6 °C in Saint Katherine City at 1,586 m.
Sinai Peninsula is geologically part of the African Plate,
but geographically it is considered to be in Asia. 		?[200][201]
Template:Country data Botswana style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Tsabong ?[202]
Template:Country data Eswatini style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Big Bend ?[30]
Template:Country data Gambia style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Jenoi Template:Dts[32]
Template:Country data Ghana style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Kumasi, Tafo ?[203]
Template:Country data Guinea style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Bareing Template:Dts[204]
Template:Country data Lesotho style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert ?[205]
Template:Country data Madagascar style="Template:Weather box/colt"|Template:Convert Antsirabe, Vakinankaratra ?[35]
Template:Country data Morocco (then the French protectorate in Morocco) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Ifrane Template:Dts[206]
Template:Country data Niger style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Bilma Template:Dts[37]
Template:Country data Réunion style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Gite de Bellecome Template:Dts[38]
Template:Country data South Africa style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Buffelsfontein, near Molteno, Eastern Cape Template:Dts[207]
Template:Country data Spain (Template:Country data Canarias) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Teide, Tenerife Template:Dts[208]
Template:Country data Sudan style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Zalingei Template:Dts
January 1962[209]
Antarctica
Template:Country data Antarctica style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Vostok Station Template:Dts[210][211]Template:Refn
Asia
Template:Country data Afghanistan style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Shahrak Template:Dts[42]
Template:Country data Armenia (then the Template:Country data Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Template:Country data Soviet Union) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Paghakn and Ashocq Template:Dts[92]
Template:Country data Azerbaijan style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Julfa and Ordubad ?[212]
Template:Country data Bangladesh (then the Bengal Presidency of British India) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Dinajpur Template:Dts[213]
Template:Country data China style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Mohe City, Heilongjiang Template:Dts[214][215][216]
Template:Country data Cambodia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Mondulkiri, Ratanakiri and Preah Vihear Template:Dts[217]
Template:Country data Hong Kong style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Tai Mo Shan Template:Dts
Template:Country data India|Script error: No such module "flag"./Template:Country data Pakistan (disputed territory of Ladakh in Kashmir) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Dras, Ladakh Template:Dts[218]
Template:Country data Indonesia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Dieng Plateau Template:Dts[219]
Template:Country data Iran style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Saqqez Template:Dts[220]
Template:Country data Israel style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Merom Golan Template:Dts[221]
Template:Country data Japan style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Asahikawa, Hokkaidō [[Hakkōda Mountains disaster#Incident|Template:Dts]][56]
Template:Country data Jordan style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Shoubak Template:Dts[57]
Template:Country data Kazakhstan style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Atbasar Template:Dts[222]
Template:Country data Kuwait style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Salmy Template:Dts[223][224]
Template:Country data Kyrgyzstan style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Fergana Valley ?[225]
Template:Country data Lebanon style="Template:Weather box/colt"|

Template:Convert

Yammoune Template:Dts[226]
Template:Country data Malaysia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Cameron Highlands Template:Dts[62]
Template:Country data Maldives style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Hulhulé Island, located at Ibrahim Nasir International Airport Template:Dts[227]
Template:Country data Mongolia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Züüngovi, Uvs Province Template:Dts[63][228]
Template:Country data Myanmar style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Hakha Template:Dts[229][26]
Template:Country data Nepal style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Sagarmatha ?[66]
Template:Country data North Korea (then Japanese Korea) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Chunggangjin Template:Dts[230]
Template:Country data Oman style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Jabel Shams Template:Dts[231]
Template:Country data Pakistan| Script error: No such module "flag"./Template:Country data India (undemarcated Kashmir area in disputed territory of Kashmir) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Skardu Template:Dts[232]
Template:Country data Philippines style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Baguio Template:Dts[69][233]Template:Refn
Template:Country data Qatar style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Abu Samra Template:Dts[33]
Template:Country data Russia (Asia) (first in the Template:Country data Russian Empire, then in the Template:Country data Russian SFSR, Template:Country data Soviet Union) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Verkhoyansk and
Oymyakon, both in Sakha Republic 		Template:Dts
5, 7 February 1892
6 February 1933[234]
Template:Country data Saudi Arabia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Turaif ?[235]
Template:Country data Singapore style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Paya Lebar Template:Dts[72]
Template:Country data South Korea style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Yangpyeong Template:Dts[236]
Template:Country data Sri Lanka style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Nuwara Eliya Template:Dts[237]
Template:Country data Syria style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Idlib Template:Dts[238]
Template:Country data Taiwan style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Yushan Template:Dts[239][240]
Template:Country data Thailand style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Sakon Nakhon Template:Dts[241]
Template:Country data Turkey style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Çaldıran, Van Province Template:Dts[82]
Template:Country data Turkmenistan style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Daşoguz Region ?[83]
Template:Country data United Arab Emirates style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Jebel Jais, Fujairah Template:Dts[33]
Template:Country data Vietnam (then DR Vietnam) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Sa Pa Template:Dts[242]
Europe
Template:Country data Albania style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Bizë N/A [243]Template:EfnTemplate:Efn
Template:Country data Austria style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Grünloch doline Template:Dts[244]
Template:Country data Belarus (then the Template:Country data Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Template:Country data Soviet Union) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Slavnom, Vitebsk Region Template:Dts[245]
Template:Country data Belgium style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Valley of the Lesse in Rochefort Template:Dts[246]
Template:Country data Bosnia and Herzegovina (then the Template:Country data Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Template:Country data Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Igman in Sarajevo Canton Template:Dts[247]
Template:Country data Bulgaria style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Tran Template:Dts[99]
Template:Country data Croatia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Gračac Template:Dts[248]Template:Refn
Template:Country data Cyprus style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Trikoukia, Prodromos Template:Dts[249]
Template:Country data Czech Republic (then part of Template:Country data Czechoslovakia) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Litvínovice Template:Dts[101]
Template:Country data Denmark style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Thisted Municipality, North Denmark Region Template:Dts[102]
Template:Country data Estonia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Jõgeva, Jõgeva County Template:Dts[103]
Template:Country data Finland style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Pokka, Kittilä, Lapland Template:Dts[104][250]
Template:Country data France style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Mouthe, Doubs Template:Dts[251]
Template:Country data Germany style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Funtensee, Berchtesgadener Land, Bavaria Template:Dts[252]
Template:Country data Greece style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Ptolemaida Template:Dts[253]
Template:Country data Hungary style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Görömbölytapolca Template:Dts[107]
Template:Country data Iceland (then Template:Flagdeco Danish Iceland) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Grímsstaðir Template:Dts[108]
Template:Country data Ireland (then part of the Template:Country data United Kingdom) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Markree Castle, County Sligo Template:Dts[110]
Template:Country data Italy style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Busa Riviera, Pale di San Martino Template:Dts[254]
Template:Country data Latvia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Daugavpils Template:Dts[112]
Template:Country data Lithuania style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Utena, Utena County Template:Dts[116]
Template:Country data Luxembourg style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Template:Dts[255]
Template:Country data Malta style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Malta International Airport Template:Dts[119][120]
Template:Country data Moldova style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Brătușeni, Edineț District Template:Dts[121]
Template:Country data Monaco style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Monaco Template:Dts[256]
Template:Country data Netherlands (then Nazi-occupied Netherlands) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Winterswijk, Gelderland Template:Dts[257]
Template:Country data North Macedonia (then the Template:Country data Socialist Republic of Macedonia, Template:Country data Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Berovo, Berovo Municipality Template:Dts[258]
Template:Country data Norway (then part of Template:Country data Union between Sweden and Norway) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Karasjok, Finnmark Template:Dts[125]
Template:Country data Poland style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Litworowy Kocioł Template:Dts
Template:Country data Portugal style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Penhas da Saúde, Covilhã Municipality
Miranda do Douro 		Template:Dts and
5 February 1954[259]
Template:Country data Romania style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Bod, Brașov County Template:Dts[260]
Template:Country data Russia (Europe) (then the Template:Country data Russian SFSR, Template:Country data Soviet Union) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Ust-Shchuger, Komi Republic Template:Dts[261]
Template:Country data Serbia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Karajukića Bunari, Zlatibor District Template:Dts[262]
Template:Country data Slovakia (then Template:Country data Czechoslovakia) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Vígľaš-Pstruša Template:Dts[131]
Template:Country data Slovenia (then Template:Country data SR Slovenia, Template:Country data Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Babno Polje Template:Dts
16 February 1956
13 January 1968Template:Refn[263]
Template:Country data Spain style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Estany Gento (Province of Lleida)Template:Refn Template:Dts[264]
Template:Country data Sweden style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Vuoggatjålme, Lappland Template:Dts[134]
Template:Country data Switzerland style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert La Brévine Template:Dts[135]
Template:Country data Ukraine (then the Template:Country data Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Template:Country data Soviet Union) style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Luhansk Template:Dts[136][265]
Template:Country data United Kingdom style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Braemar, Aberdeenshire
Altnaharra, Sutherland 		Template:Dts
10 January 1982
30 December 1995[266]
North America
Template:Country data Antigua and Barbuda style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert V. C. Bird International Airport, Antigua 31 December 1974 and
28 January 1976[139][140]
Template:Country data Canada style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Snag, Yukon 3 February 1947[210][267]
Template:Country data Cayman Islands style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Owen Roberts International Airport, Grand Cayman 11 February 1968[268]
Template:Country data Cuba style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Bainoa, Mayabeque Province 18 February 1996[269]
Template:Country data Dominican Republic style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Valle Nuevo, La Vega Province 17 January 1983[270]
Template:Country data Greenland style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Klinck Automated Weather Station, Greenland Ice Sheet 22 December 1991[193]
Template:Country data Guatemala style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Olintepeque, Quetzaltenango Department ?[155]
Template:Country data Martinique style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Le Lamentin Template:Dts[157]
Template:Country data Mexico style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Madera, Chihuahua Template:Dts[271]
Template:Country data Panama style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Bajo Grande, Chiriquí Province 20 February 1995[159]
Template:Country data Puerto Rico style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Aibonito
San Sebastián 		9 March 1911
24 January 1966[160]
Template:Country data US Virgin Islands style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Anna's Hope, Saint Croix 31 January 1954[160]
Template:Country data United States
(Template:Country data Alaska) 		style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Prospect Creek, Alaska 23 January 1971[272]
Template:Country data United States
(contiguous) 		style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Rogers Pass, Montana 20 January 1954[273]
South America
Template:Country data Argentina style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Sarmiento, Chubut Province Template:Dts[274]Template:Refn
Template:Country data Brazil style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Caçador, Santa Catarina Template:Dts[275][276]
Template:Country data Chile style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Balmaceda, Aysen Region Template:Dts[277]
Template:Country data Colombia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Páramo de Berlín, Tona, Santander Template:Dts[278]
Template:Country data Curaçao style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Willemstad Template:Dts[279]
Template:Country data Guyana style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Timehri, Demerara-Mahaica Template:Dts[280]
Template:Country data French Guiana style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Maripasoula Template:Dts[281]
Template:Country data Paraguay style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Pratts Gill, Boquerón Department Template:Dts[282]
Template:Country data Peru style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Mazo Cruz, Puno Region Template:Dts[283]
Template:Country data Uruguay style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Melo, Cerro Largo Department Template:Dts[181][182]
Oceania
Template:Country data Australia style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Charlotte Pass, New South Wales Template:Dts[284][285]
Template:Country data United States
(Template:Country data Hawaii) 		style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Mauna Kea, Hawaii Template:Dts[286]
Template:Country data Nauru style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Yaren District ?Template:Fact
Template:Country data New Zealand style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Ranfurly, Central Otago Template:Dts[287]
Template:Country data Samoa style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Afiamalu Template:Dts[170]
Template:Country data Solomon Islands style="Template:Weather box/colt"| Template:Convert Tigoa, Rennell Template:Dts[288]

Other low-temperature records

Record extreme temperature differences

Precipitation

Rain

Snow

  • Most in a 24-hour period: Template:Convert of snow on Mount Ibuki, Japan on 14 February 1927.[303]
  • Most in one calendar month: 9.91 meters (390 inches) of snow fell in Tamarack, California, in January 1911, leading to a snow depth in March of 11.46 meters (451 inches) (greatest measured in North America).[304][305]
  • Most in one season (1 July – 30 June): 29.0 meters, (95 ft); Mount Baker, Washington, United States, 1998 through 1999.[304]
  • Most in one-year period: 31.5 meters (102 ft); Mount Rainier, Washington, United States, 19 February 1971 to 18 February 1972.[210]
  • Deepest snowfall recorded: 11.82 meters (38.8 ft) on Mount Ibuki, Japan on 14 February 1927.[306]
  • Lowest latitude that snow has been recorded at sea level in North America: Snow fell as far south as the city of Tampico, Mexico, in February 1895 during the Great Freeze.[307][308]

Wind speeds

Tornadoes

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

File:Tri-State Tornado.JPG
The Tri-State Tornado holds many records, including the longest known tornado track, fastest speed for a significant tornado, and the deadliest tornado outside of Bangladesh.

Deadliest in history

Outbreaks

  • Largest: The 2011 Super Outbreak: 207 confirmed tornadoes occurred in a span of 24 hours on April 27, 2011, with a total of 367 occurring throughout the duration of the outbreak. They affected six US states, and included 11 rated EF4 and 4 rated EF5.[317]
  • Most severe: The 1974 Super Outbreak produced 7 F5, 23 F4, 34 F3, and 34 F2 tornadoes on April 3–4, 1974. It received a score on expert Thomas P. Grazulis's outbreak intensity score of 578, surpassing the 2011 outbreak's score of 378.[318]

Tropical cyclones

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Most intense (by minimum surface air pressure)

  • Most intense ever recorded: 870 hPa (25.69 inHg); eye of Super Typhoon Tip over the northwest Pacific Ocean, 12 October 1979.[210]
  • Most intense in the Western Hemisphere: 872 hPa (25.75 inHg); eye of Hurricane Patricia over the eastern Pacific Ocean, 23 October 2015.[319]
  • Most intense ever recorded on land: 892 hPa (26.35 inHg); Craig Key, Florida, United States, eye of the Labor Day Hurricane, 2 September 1935. While other landfalling tropical cyclones potentially had lower pressures, data is vague from areas other than the Atlantic basin, especially before the invention of weather satellites.[320]
  • Most intense landfall (estimated): 884 hPa (26.10 inHg); Rakiraki District, Viti Levu, Fiji, during Cyclone Winston, 20 February 2016. Although no official land pressure readings were recorded at the landfall site, it is estimated that Winston made landfall with the aforementioned pressure.[321] A reading of 880hPa (26inHg) from Bathurst Bay, Queensland, Australia, during Cyclone Mahina, on 4 March 1899 is disputed to have been recorded by Captain William Porter, the same person who recorded the currently established mark of 914hPa (27inHg). [322] Further evidence to back up this claim comes in the form of an eyewitness estimate for the storm surge at Ninian Bay, 30km from Bathurst Bay, which was said to be approximately 13m. This figure would be consistent with the pressure of 880hPa allegedly recorded by Capt. Porter. [323]

Most precipitation

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

Other severe weather

File:Hailstone.jpg
A picture of the Aurora, Nebraska hailstone, measured at Template:Convert in circumference
File:GOESLightning130622.webm
Satellite loop of the record-breaking supercell near Chicago producing intense lightning on June 13, 2022

Hail

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Lightning

Ultraviolet index

  • Highest ultraviolet index measured: On 29 December 2003, a UV index of 43.3 was detected at Chile/Bolivia's Licancabur volcano, at Template:Convert altitude. A light-skinned individual in such conditions may experience moderate sunburn in as little as 4 minutes.[328]

Thunderstorm cloud height

Other categories

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The highest adjusted-to-sea-level barometric pressure ever recorded (below 750 meters) was at Agata, Evenkiyskiy, Russia (Template:Coord, elevation: 261 m (856.3 ft)) on 31 December 1968 of 1083.3 hectopascals (hPa) (31.99 inHg).[332]
The discrimination is due to the problematic assumptions (assuming a standard lapse rate) associated with reduction of sea level from high elevations.[331][332]

See also

Script error: No such module "Portal".

Notes

Template:Notelist Template:Reflist

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Records Template:World topic

Template:Portal bar

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (change "202310" in URL to see years other than 2023, and months other than 10=October)
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Table 9.2, p. 158, Dryland Climatology, Sharon E. Nicholson, Cambridge University Press, 2011, Template:ISBN.
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Coldest spot on Earth identified by satellite Template:Webarchive, Jonathan Amos, BBC News, 9 December 2013.
  9. ↑ The Coldest Place on Earth: -90 °C and below from Landsat 8 and other satellite thermal sensors Template:Webarchive, Ted Scambos, Allen Pope, Garrett Campbell, and Terry Haran, American Geophysical Union fall meeting, 9 December 2013.
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  11. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Weather Extremes Template:Webarchive, Weather Underground – Retrieved 14 September 2012.
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  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ http://voodooskies.com/weather/egypt/asyut
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  30. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  35. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  38. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  42. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  66. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  69. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  72. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  82. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  92. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ a b Einarsson, Markús. Climate of Iceland Template:Webarchive pg 683. Retrieved 29 April 2009.
  109. ↑ Heat Wave Hits Iceland, New Records Set Template:Webarchive Iceland Review 31 July 2008. Retrieved 29 April 2009.
  110. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ a b LVGMC Twitter account Template:Webarchive. Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre. Retrieved 4 August 2014. Template:In lang
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Template:In lang
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Extremes Template:Webarchive Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, IPMA
  128. ↑ THERMAL EXTREMES Template:Webarchive Administratiei Nationale de Meteorologie
  129. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  132. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  134. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  137. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  138. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  139. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  140. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  141. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  142. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  143. ↑ Template:Cite tweet
  144. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  145. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  146. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  147. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  148. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  149. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  150. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  151. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  152. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  153. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  154. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  155. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  156. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  157. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  158. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  159. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  160. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  161. ↑ World: Highest Temperature Template:Webarchive World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  162. ↑ Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation. Template:Webarchive National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 13 August 2023
  163. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  164. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  165. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  166. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  167. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  168. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  169. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  170. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  171. ↑ Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation. Template:Webarchive National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 21 June 2007.
  172. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  173. ↑ The record of 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) in Villa de María, Córdoba Province, Argentina, on 2 January 1920, is disputed and considered dubiousScript error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  174. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  175. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  176. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  177. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  178. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  179. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  180. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  181. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  182. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  183. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  184. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore
  185. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  186. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  187. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  188. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  189. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  190. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  191. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :3
  192. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :4
  193. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  194. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :5
  195. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :6
  196. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  197. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  198. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  199. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  200. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  201. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  202. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  203. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  204. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  205. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  206. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  207. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  208. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  209. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  210. ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  211. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  212. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  213. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  214. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  215. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  216. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  217. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  218. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  219. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  220. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  221. ↑ Judah Ari Gross, "Golan sees record low temperatures during storm" Template:Webarchive, The Times of Israel, 12 January 2015.
  222. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  223. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  224. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  225. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  226. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  227. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  228. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  229. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  230. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  231. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  232. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  233. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  234. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  235. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  236. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  237. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  238. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  239. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  240. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  241. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  242. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  243. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  244. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  245. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  246. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  247. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  248. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  249. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  250. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  251. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  252. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  253. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  254. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  255. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  256. ↑ |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815143830/https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_99138001.pdf
  257. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  258. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  259. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  260. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  261. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  262. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  263. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  264. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  265. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  266. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  267. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  268. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  269. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  270. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  271. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  272. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  273. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  274. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  275. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  276. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  277. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  278. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  279. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  280. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  281. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  282. ↑ Template:In lang Con 1,2 grados bajo cero en Asunción, la ola polar llegó para quedarse Template:Webarchive, La Nación. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  283. ↑ a b Programa de Capacitación Para la Estimación del Riesgo Template:Webarchive, Biblioteca Virtual en Prevención y Atención de Desastres (BVPAD). Retrieved 30 August 2009.
  284. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  285. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  286. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  287. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  288. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  289. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  290. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  291. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  292. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  293. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  294. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  295. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  296. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  297. ↑ a b Ch. Péguy (1970)
  298. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  299. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  300. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  301. ↑ Christopher Burt, New Wettest Place on Earth Discovered?, 18 March 2013
  302. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  303. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  304. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  305. ↑ Frank H. Forrester, 1001 Questions Answered about the Weather (Template:ISBN), page 235: "The greatest amount of snowfall for a calendar month occurred at Tamarack, California, in January, 1911–390 inches."
  306. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  307. ↑ Extreme Weather: A Guide and Record Book; Christopher Burt; 2007
  308. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  309. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  310. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  311. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  312. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  313. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  314. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  315. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  316. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore
  317. ↑ World: Largest tornado Outbreak Template:Webarchive at the World Meteorological Organization website
  318. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  319. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  320. ↑ American Meteorological Society, Journal of Climate, 15 August 2014, A Reanalysis of the 1931–43 Atlantic Hurricane Database Template:Webarchive, Landsea et al., pg. 6114
  321. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  322. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  323. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  324. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  325. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  326. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  327. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  328. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  329. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  330. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  331. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  332. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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