Syrian cuisine
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Template:Culture of Syria Syrian cuisine is a Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisine that traces back to ancient civilization in Syria and the region. Syrian specialties makes use of eggplant, zucchini, garlic, meat (mostly from lamb and sheep), sesame seeds, rice, chickpeas, fava beans, lentils, steak, cabbage, cauliflower, vine leaves, pickled turnips, cucumbers, tomatoes, olive oil, lemon juice, mint, pistachios, honey and fruits.
Selections of appetizers known as mezze are customarily served along with Arabic bread before the Syrian meal's main course, which is followed by coffee, with sweet confections or fruits at will. Many recipes date from at least the 13th century.[1]
Foods
Meze
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Baba ghanoush/ mtabbal (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | eggplant (aubergine) mashed and mixed with seasonings |
| Baterish (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | mashed roasted eggplant |
| Falafel (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | a deep-fried ball or patty made from ground chickpeas, fava beans, or both |
| Fasolia bizzeit (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | green beans with olive oil, lemon and garlic |
| Fatteh (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | pieces of Arabic bread covered with other ingredients |
| Fattetil-makdus (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Fatteh with makdous and minced meat |
| Fatteh billahm (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Fatteh with meat |
| Fatteh bissamn (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Fatteh made with beef or sheep tallow |
| Fatteh bizzayt (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Fatteh made with vegetable, corn, or olive oil |
| Fattet jaaj (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Fatteh with chicken |
| Fattoush (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | salad made from several garden vegetables and toasted or fried pieces of pita bread |
| Halloumi cheese (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | usually sliced and grilled or fried |
| Harraa' esba'o (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | lentils with dough |
| Hummus (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | a dip or spread made from cooked, mashed chickpeas, blended with tahini, olive oil, lemon juice, salt and garlic |
| Hummus billahm (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | hummus with meat on top |
| Jez mez / jaz maz (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | eggs in tomato stew, Syrian shakshouka[2] |
| Kishik (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | drained yogurt |
| Kibbeh (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | in the Middle East, dishes made of bulghur, chopped meat, and spices |
| Labneh (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | strained yogurt which tastes similar to cream or sour cream only more tart |
| Lahme bil'ajeen (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | a thin piece of dough topped with minced meat and vegetables. |
| Makdous (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Stuffed and pickled eggplants |
| Makmoor (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | chopped zucchini with rice |
| Msaqqa'a (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | grilled eggplant (aubergine) mashed with olive oil, tomato, onion and garlic |
| Mhammarah (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | a hot pepper dip from Aleppo,[3] made from Aleppo pepper |
| Mtabbal (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | mashed eggplant (aubergine) blended with tahini, olive oil, salt and garlic |
| Olives (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | |
| Shaakriyyeh (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | cooked yoghurt |
| Shish kebab (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | skewered cubes of meat |
Stuffed vine leaves
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Yabrak (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Grape leaves stuffed with rice and minced meat cooked and served hot |
| Yalanji (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Grape leaves stuffed with rice and a variety of vegetables and served hot or cold |
Kebab
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Kebab (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Grilled meat |
| Kebab halabi (Script error: No such module "Lang". meaning "Aleppine kebab") | Kebab served with a spicy tomato sauce and Aleppo pepper, with about 26 variants[4] including
|
Kibbe
A variety of Syrian dishes made from a fried, baked, grilled, cooked, or raw mixture of bulghur and minced lamb are called kibbe (Script error: No such module "Lang".).
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Kibbeh bisseniyyeh (Script error: No such module "Lang". meaning "plate kibbeh") | A plate of baked kibbeh |
| Kibbeh Halabiyyeh (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Kibbeh with a rice crust; though named after Aleppo |
| Kibbeh haamdah (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Kibbeh with lemon juice |
| Kibbeh labaniyyeh (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Cooked kibbeh with yogurt |
| Kibbeh 'qras (mishwiyyeh) (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Grilled kibbeh |
| Kibbeh nayyeh (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Raw kibbeh |
| Kibbeh safarjaliyyeh (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Kibbeh with quince |
| Kibbeh simmaa'iyyeh (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Kibbeh with sumac |
Mahshi (stuffed squash)
A famous dish served in Syria is made from vegetables (usually zucchini—Script error: No such module "Lang". / kūsā, or eggplant—Script error: No such module "Lang". / bādhinjān) which are stuffed (Script error: No such module "Lang". / maḥshī) with ground beef or lamb or mutton, nuts, and rice.
Street food
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Syrian street food includes:
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Booza (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Ice cream known for its elastic texture, which is caused by the presence of mastic |
| Falafil (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Fried balls or patties of spiced, mashed chickpeas, most often served in Arabic bread, with pickles, tahina, hummus, sumac, cut-vegetable salad and often, shatteh, a hot sauce, the type used depending on the falafil maker |
| Ka'ak (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Rings of bread, made from farina and other ingredients, commonly sprinkled with sesame seeds, occasionally served on the table to accompany Syrian cheese; a buttery and sweetened version, filled with crushed dates or walnuts, is eaten as a dessert, usually served to eat with string cheese shaped into a braid (jibneh mashallaleh) |
| Manakish (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Dough topped with za'atar, cheese or ground meat; it can be sliced or folded, and it can be served either for breakfast or lunch |
| Shawarma (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Sliced and marinated meat shaved off a roasting skewer and stuffed into Arabic bread or sometimes baguette, alone with hummus, or with additional trimmings such as fresh onion, French fries, salads and pickles |
| Maarouk (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | A sweet bread stuffed with date paste and topped with sesame seeds, and served in a wide variety of shapes, popular during Ramadan.[5] |
Sweets
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Ba'lawah (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Layered pastry filled with nuts, steeped in a honey syrup called atr (Script error: No such module "Lang".), and usually cut in a triangular or diamond shape |
| Barazek (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | A sort of sesame seed cookie, made from white sesame seeds, butter, sugar, milk and honey[6] |
| Basbousa (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | A sweet cake made of cooked semolina or farina soaked in simple syrup |
| Bashmina (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Syrian-style cotton candy. Made mainly from flour with a honey syrup called atr (Script error: No such module "Lang".).[7] |
| Bilatat jahanam (Script error: No such module "Lang". meaning "Hell's tile") | Made mainly from sugar and flour with a red food coloring[8] |
| Crêpe (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | A very thin French pastry with butter and sugar |
| Ghazal al-banat (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Sugar cotton candy stuffed with pistachios or cashews |
| Halaweh homsiyyeh (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Also known as al Qurmashliya, made from flour, water and salt, fried with oil until they form little pieces, which would be colored afterwards[9] |
| Halawet al-jibn (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Pastry rolled and stuffed with cheese or thick milk cream, served with a honey syrup called atr (Script error: No such module "Lang".) |
| Halweh (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | A slab of sesame paste studded with fruit and candy/sweets |
| Haytaliya (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | A sort of milk pudding |
| Kanafeh (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Shoelace pastry dessert stuffed with sweet white cheese, nuts and syrup |
| Ma'mul (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Biscuits filled with dates, pistachios or walnuts, and shaped in a wooden mould called tabi (Script error: No such module "Lang".), a popular sweet on Christian holidays (Easter), Muslim holidays ('Id al-Fitr), and Jewish holidays (Purim) |
| Mamuniyyeh (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Mixture of semolina and ghee simmered in water with sugar, usually served with salty cheese or milk cream called qishteh (Script error: No such module "Lang".) |
| Muhallebi (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | A sort of milk pudding |
| Nabulsiyyeh (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | A layer of semi-salty Nabulsi cheese covered with a semolina dough and drizzled with a honey syrup called atr (Script error: No such module "Lang".) |
| Qada'ef (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Semolina dough stuffed with a paste made from sweet walnuts or milk cream, with a honey syrup called atr (Script error: No such module "Lang".) |
| Qamar al-din (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Dried apricot paste |
| Raha (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | A confection based on a gel of starch and sugar |
| Rice pudding (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Made from rice mixed with water or milk and other ingredients such as cinnamon |
| Simsimiyah (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | A confection of sesame seeds and sugar or honey, with some Saponaria[8] |
| Suwar as-sitt (Script error: No such module "Lang". meaning "lady's wristlet") | A disc-shaped pastry steeped in a honey syrup called atr (Script error: No such module "Lang".) while the centre is covered with smashed pistachios |
| Taj al-malik (Script error: No such module "Lang". meaning "king's crown") | Round dry pastry, the centre of which is filled with pistachios, cashews or other nuts |
| Zilabiyyeh (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Thin sheets of semolina dough, boiled, rolled and stuffed with pistachios or milk cream called qishteh (Script error: No such module "Lang".) |
| Znud as-sitt (Script error: No such module "Lang". meaning "lady's arms") | Phyllo pastries with various fillings |
Cheeses
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- Halloumi—a semi-hard, unripened, brined cheese
- Jibne baida—a white hard cheese with a pronounced salty taste
- Jibne khadra—a form of string cheese, originated in Syria, also known as jibneh mshallaleh
- Shanklish—a type of blue cheese made from cow's or sheep's milk and often served topped with dried thyme and olive oil
Beverages
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Al-mateh (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | A caffeine-infused drink produced from ground yerba mate leaves and served hot |
| 'Ara' (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | A distilled alcoholic spirit, transparent in color, made from grapes and spiced with anise seeds |
| Ayran (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | A yogurt-based beverage mixed with salt and water |
| Jallab (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | A fruit syrup which can be combined with liquid to form a hot or warm beverage |
| Polo (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Mint lemonade |
| Qahweh bayda' (Script error: No such module "Lang". meaning "white coffee") | A caffeine-free drink made from water and orange blossom water, sweetened with sugar at will, usually served in lieu of coffee |
| Qamar al-din (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | A thick apricot juice, typically served for Iftar during Ramadan |
| Salep (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | A traditional winter beverage, made with a flour from the tubers of the orchid genus Orchis; salep flour is consumed in beverages and desserts |
| Syrian beer (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | A beverage prepared from yeast-fermented malt, flavored with hops |
| Syrian coffee (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | A beverage made from lightly roasted coffee beans along with cardamom, and served in small cups (as with Turkish coffee) |
| Wine (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | An alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes |
| 'Ara' Al-suse (عرق السوس) | Liquorice drink is prepared from the roots of liquorice, and it is a refreshing drink with many benefits, and it is often prepared cold and in the summer |
See also
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References
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- ↑ Eddé, Anne-Marie. (1999). La Principauté ayyoubide d'Alep (579/1183 – 658/1260).
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- Syrian wine Château Bargylus
Further reading
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External links
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