Styrene oxide
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Template:Chembox image cellTemplate:Chembox AllOtherNamesTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox IndexlistTemplate:Chembox JmolTemplate:Chembox ChEMBLTemplate:Chembox ECHATemplate:Chembox E numberTemplate:Chembox IUPHAR ligandTemplate:Chembox UNIITemplate:Chembox CompToxTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox GHS (set)Template:Chembox SDSTemplate:Chembox Datapage checkTemplate:Chembox Footer| Template:Longitem | Template:Unbulleted list |
| Template:Longitem | 108582 |
| ChEBI | Template:Unbulleted list |
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| EC Number | Template:Unbulleted list |
| Template:Longitem | 50213 |
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| UN number | 2810 3082 |
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| Template:Longitem | Template:Chembox Elements/molecular formula |
| Molar mass | Template:Chem molar mass |
| Appearance | Colorless to light yellow liquid |
| Density | 1.052 g/mL |
| Melting point | Template:Chembox CalcTemperatures |
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Styrene oxide is an epoxide derived from styrene. It can be prepared by epoxidation of styrene with peroxybenzoic acid, in the Prilezhaev reaction:[1]
Styrene oxide is slightly soluble in water. A trace amount of acid in water causes hydrolysis to racemic phenylethyleneglycol via a benzylic cation. If the amount of water is not sufficient, acid-catalyzed isomerization for phenylacetaldehyde will occur.[2]
Styrene oxide in the body is metabolized to mandelic acid, phenylglyoxylic acid, benzoic acid and hippuric acid.
Hydrogenation of styrene oxide affords phenethyl alcohol.[3]
Stereospecific reactions
Since styrene oxide has a chiral center at the benzylic carbon atom, there are (R)-styrene oxide and (S)-styrene oxide. If optically pure reagent is used, only one optically pure compound will be obtained.
Toxicology
Styrene oxide is a main metabolite of styrene in humans or animals, resulting from oxidation by cytochrome P450. It is considered possibly carcinogenic from gavaging significant amounts into mice and rats.[4] Styrene oxide is subsequently hydrolyzed in vivo to styrene glycol by epoxide hydrolase.[5]
Styrene oxide has a chiral center and thus two enantiomers. It has been reported that the two enantiomers had different toxicokinetics and toxicityScript error: No such module "Unsubst".. It was reported that the (R)-styrene oxide was preferentially formed in mice, especially in the lung, whereas the (S)-styrene oxide was preferentially generated in rats. In human volunteers, the cumulative excretion of the (S)-enantiomer of styrene glycol and mandelic acid were higher than the R form after exposure to styrene. In human liver microsomes, cytochrome P450-mediated styrene oxidation showed the production of more S enantiomer relative to the R enantiomer. It was also found that (S)-styrene oxide was preferentially hydrolyzed than the R enantiomer in human liver microsomes. Animal studies have shown that the (R)-enantiomer of styrene oxide was more toxic than the (S)-enantiomer in mice.
References
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- ↑ Verfahren zur Herstellung von Phenylacetaldehyde, BASF-Patent DE3546372A1 vom 2. Juli 1987
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- ↑ EPA Styrene Oxide evaluation
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