Stilbestrol
Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Template:Chembox
Stilbestrol, or stilboestrol, also known as 4,4'-dihydroxystilbene or 4,4'-stilbenediol, is a stilbenoid nonsteroidal estrogen[1] and the parent compound of a group of more potent nonsteroidal estrogen derivatives that includes, most notably, diethylstilbestrol (DES).[1][2][3] The term "stilbestrol" is often used incorrectly to refer to DES, but they are not the same compound.[2]
Stilbestrol itself is an active estrogen but is less potent than DES and other derivatives.[1]
Stilbestrol derivatives
The stilbestrol estrogenic drugs include the following:
- Acefluranol (an antiestrogen)
- Benzestrol (technically not a stilbestrol derivative due to its elongated central chain, but a very close analogue and grouped with the stilbestrol estrogens in any case)
- Bifluranol
- Dienestrol
- Diethylstilbestrol (commonly, but erroneously shortened to simply “stilbestrol”)
- Diethylstilbestrol diacetate
- Diethylstilbestrol dilaurate
- Diethylstilbestrol dipalmitate
- Diethylstilbestrol dipropionate
- Diethylstilbestrol disulfate
- Diethylstilbestrol monobenzyl ether
- Dimestrol (dianisylhexene, diethylstilbestrol dimethyl ether, dimethoxydiethylstilbene)
- Fosfestrol (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate)
- Furostilbestrol (diethylstilbestrol difuroate)
- ICI-85966 (diethylstilbestrol bis[di(2-chloroethyl)carbamate)
- Mestilbol (diethylstilbestrol monomethyl ether)
- Dimethylstilbestrol
- Hexestrol (dihydrodiethylstilbestrol)
- Diaethiphenum (hexestrol bis(2-diethylaminoethyl) ether) (a coronary vasodilator)
- Hexestrol diacetate
- Hexestrol dicaprylate
- Hexestrol diphosphate
- Hexestrol dipropionate
- Phenestrol (hexestrol bis[4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenylacetate)
- Methestrol (promethestrol; dimethylhexestrol)
- Methestrol dipropionate (promethestrol dipropionate)
- Pentafluranol
- Terfluranol
Of the stilbestrol estrogens, diethylstilbestrol, hexestrol, and benzestrol are the most well-known.[4]
Mechanism of action
The stilbestrol estrogens bind with high affinity to both ERα and ERβ.[5]
Template:Affinities of estrogen receptor ligands for the ERα and ERβ
Estrogens closely related to the stilbestrols include paroxypropione (a metabolite of diethylstilbestrol) and the anise and fennel-derived compounds anol, dianol, anethole, dianethole, and photoanethole (from which the stilbestrol estrogens were actually originally derived). The triphenylethylene group of estrogenic drugs that includes triphenylethylene itself, estrobin, chlorotrianisene, broparestrol, ethamoxytriphetol, clomifene, tamoxifen, and more recently developed derivatives is also very closely related structurally to the stilbestrols.
Resveratrol is a stilbenoid with estrogenic properties that is not technically a stilbestrol derivative (it is 3,4',5-stilbenetriol).[6]
Occupational exposure
Occupational exposure to stilbestrol has resulted in gynaecomastia in workers.[7]
See also
References
Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Estrogen receptor modulators Template:Stilbenes
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".