Soyuz-T

The Soyuz-T (Template:Langx, Union-T) spacecraft was the third generation Soyuz spacecraft, in service for seven years from 1979 to 1986. The T stood for transport (, ). The revised spacecraft incorporated lessons learned from the Apollo Soyuz Test Project, Soyuz 7K-TM and Military Soyuz.

The Soyuz-T was a major upgrade over previous Soyuz spacecraft, sporting solid-state electronics for the first time and a much more advanced onboard computer to help overcome the chronic docking problems that affected cosmonauts during space station missions. In addition, solar panels returned, allowing the Soyuz-T to fly up to 11 days independently as well as a redesigned propulsion system, the KTDU-426. Finally, it could carry three cosmonauts with pressure suits.

Missions

Between 1979 and 1986, a total of 18 Soyuz T spacecraft were launched into LEO, 13 of which carried cosmonauts to and from the space stations Salyut 6, Salyut 7, and Mir.

Mission	Crew	Launch	Landing	Duration	Notes
Kosmos 1001	None	4 Apr 1978	15 Apr 1978	Template:Time interval
Kosmos 1074	None	31 Jan 1979	1 Apr 1979	Template:Time interval	Last Soyuz spacecraft with a Kosmos designation
Soyuz T-1	None	16 Dec 1979	25 Mar 1980	Template:Time interval	Uncrewed test flight to Salyut 6
Soyuz T-2	Salyut 6 EP-6: Template:Flagicon Yury Malyshev Template:Flagicon Vladimir Aksyonov	5 Jun 1980	9 Jun 1980	Template:Time interval	Crewed test flight
Soyuz T-3	Salyut 6 EO-5: Template:Flagicon Leonid Kizim Template:Flagicon Oleg Makarov Template:Flagicon Gennady Strekalov	27 Nov 1980	10 Dec 1980	Template:Time interval	First Soyuz mission with a three cosmonaut crew since the fatal flight of Soyuz 11
Soyuz T-4	Salyut 6 EO-6: Template:Flagicon Vladimir Kovalyonok Template:Flagicon Viktor Savinykh	12 Mar 1981	26 May 1981	Template:Time interval
Soyuz T-5	Salyut 7 EO-1: Template:Flagicon Anatoli Berezovoy Template:Flagicon Valentin Lebedev	13 May 1982	27 Aug 1982	Template:Time interval	Both Berezovoy and Lebedev returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-7 after 211 days in space
Soyuz T-6	Salyut 7 EP-1: Template:Flagicon Vladimir Dzhanibekov Template:Flagicon Aleksandr Ivanchenkov Template:Flagicon Jean-Loup Chrétien	24 Jun 1982	2 Jul 1982	Template:Time interval	Chrétien becomes the first French citizen in space
Soyuz T-7	Salyut 7 EP-2: Template:Flagicon Leonid Popov Template:Flagicon Aleksandr Serebrov Template:Flagicon Svetlana Savitskaya	19 Aug 1982	10 Dec 1982	Template:Time interval	Savitskaya becomes the second woman in space after Valentina Tereshkova in 1963. All cosmonauts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-5 after 8 days in space
Soyuz T-8	Template:Flagicon Vladimir Titov Template:Flagicon Gennady Strekalov Template:Flagicon Aleksandr Serebrov	20 Apr 1983	22 Apr 1983	Template:Time interval	Failed to reach Salyut 7 after its Igla docking system was damaged during launch
Soyuz T-9	Salyut 7 EO-2: Template:Flagicon Vladimir Lyakhov Template:Flagicon Aleksandr Aleksandrov	27 Jun 1983	23 Nov 1983	Template:Time interval
Soyuz T-10-1	Template:Flagicon Vladimir Titov Template:Flagicon Gennadi Strekalov	26 Sept 1983		Template:Time interval	Failed to reach Salyut 7 after its carrier rocket caught fire and exploded, thus activating its launch escape system
Soyuz T-10	Salyut 7 EO-3: Template:Flagicon Leonid Kizim Template:Flagicon Vladimir Solovyov Template:Flagicon Oleg Atkov	8 Feb 1984	11 Apr 1984	Template:Time interval	All cosmonauts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-11 after 237 days in space
Soyuz T-11	Salyut 7 EP-3: Template:Flagicon Yuri Malyshev Template:Flagicon Gennady Strekalov Template:Flagicon Rakesh Sharma	3 Apr 1984	2 Oct 1984	Template:Time interval	Sharma becomes first Indian citizen in space. All cosmonauts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-10 after 8 days in space
Soyuz T-12	Salyut 7 EP-4: Template:Flagicon Vladimir Dzhanibekov Template:Flagicon Svetlana Savitskaya Template:Flagicon Igor Volk	17 Jul 1984	29 Jul 1984	Template:Time interval
Soyuz T-13	Salyut 7 EO-4a: Template:Flagicon Vladimir Dzhanibekov Template:Flagicon Viktor Savinykh	6 Jun 1985	26 Sept 1985	Template:Time interval	Repaired the crippled station during their stay. Savinykh returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-14 after 168 days in space
Soyuz T-14	Salyut 7 EO-4b: Template:Flagicon Vladimir Vasyutin Template:Flagicon Alexander Volkov Salyut 7 EP-5: Template:Flagicon Georgi Grechko	17 Sept 1985	21 Nov 1985	Template:Time interval	Grechko returned to Earth aboard Soyuz T-13 after 9 days in space. Mission ended prematurely after Vasyutin fell ill aboard the station
Soyuz T-15	Salyut 7 EO-5 / Mir EO-1: Template:Flagicon Leonid Kizim Template:Flagicon Vladimir Solovyov	13 Mar 1986	16 Jul 1986	Template:Time interval	Visited both Salyut 7 and Mir, the only crewed spaceflight to visit two space stations simultaneously

External links

• RSC Energia: Concept Of Russian Manned Space Navigation Development